（江蘇專用）高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 C 36“記”(話題 基礎(chǔ) 技巧)小試身手

C36“記”(話題/基礎(chǔ)/技巧)36“記”之學(xué)會分享★★★★A話題核心單詞1.sharevt.分享2．participatevi.參加3．donatevt.捐贈4．financialadj.金融的5．volunteern．&vi.志愿者6．significantadj.重要的7．happinessn．幸福；快樂8．sorrown．傷心9．unfortunatelyadv.不幸地10．cooperatevi.合作11．virtuen．品德12．skilln．技巧13．opportunityn．機會14．experiencen．&vt.經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)歷15．doubleadj.&vi.兩倍的；翻倍16．relievevt.緩解17．responsibilityn．責(zé)任18．friendshipn．友誼19．enrichvt.豐富20．communicatevi.&vt.交流B話題核心短語1.doagooddeed做好事2．sharewith與……分享3．takeanactivepartin積極參加4．fulfillthistask完成任務(wù)5．inneedof需要6．beproudof以……為豪7．takeaction采取行動8．cometoone'srescue來幫助某人9．volunteertodosth自愿做某事10．practical__skills實踐技能11．be__responsible__for對……負(fù)責(zé)12．socialability社交能力13．be__beneficial__to對……有益14．withoutdoubt毫無疑問15．workingexperience工作經(jīng)驗16．developthehabitof養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣17．contributeto對……做貢獻18．setanexampleto為……樹立榜樣19．makeadifferenceto對……有影響20．take__it__for__granted認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的特別關(guān)注doubt(3年3考)★★★★★(1)Thereisnodoubtabout/that-clause毫無疑問(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(Ihavenodoubtthat...,Idon'tdoubtthat...))我確信……Idoubtwhether(if)．..我懷疑……(3)beyond/without/nodoubt毫無疑問，無疑indoubt懷疑地，未確定①Therecanbelittledoubtthatspecialclassescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.毫無疑問，特殊班級可以幫助有天賦的孩子早些畢業(yè)，早點在社會上立足。②Idon'tdoubtthatJanewillcontinuetoworkhere.簡會繼續(xù)在這兒工作這事兒確定無疑。C話題核心語句1.Hemadeuphismindtodoagooddeedforthepeople.他下定決心要為人民做件好事。2．HeisproudofbeingaChinese.作為一個中國人他感到驕傲。3．Doyouvolunteertodothisjob?你是自愿做這個工作的嗎？4．Manyretiredpeoplecanstillcontributetothesocietywiththeirrichexperience.許多退休的老人還能利用他們豐富的經(jīng)驗為社會作貢獻。5．Ifyouwanttodevelopthehabitofrunning，runeveryday.如果你想養(yǎng)成跑步的習(xí)慣，那就每天都去跑步。6．Itakeitforgrantedthattheywillsupportthisidea.我視為理所當(dāng)然他們將會支持這個主意的。7．Tomworkedhardandsetanexampletohisclassmates.湯姆學(xué)習(xí)很努力，為全班同學(xué)樹立了一個榜樣。8．Anothercommitteemightberesponsibleforrescueeffortsandmedicalassistance.另一個委員會可能負(fù)責(zé)救援工作和醫(yī)療援助。9．Ithinkajointventurewouldbebeneficialtobothofus.我認(rèn)為合資經(jīng)營對你我雙方都是有利的。10．Wemusttakeactionbeforeitistoolate.我們必須趁早采取行動，否則就來不及了。團隊合作★★★★★(3年3考)(2012·江蘇卷)生活中沖突時有發(fā)生。假設(shè)你班同學(xué)蘇華和李江打籃球時發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，導(dǎo)致關(guān)系緊張。請你結(jié)合此事，并根據(jù)以下提示，用英語寫一篇短文，向?qū)W校英文報“HappyTeens”專欄投稿。簡要描述事情的經(jīng)過打籃球、碰撞、爭執(zhí)，等等分析發(fā)生沖突的原因1.遇事不夠冷靜2.……談?wù)劚苊鉀_突的做法(請考生根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷或感想，提出至少兩種做法)注意：1．對所有要點逐一陳述，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要簡單翻譯；2．詞數(shù)150左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)；3．作文中不得提及有關(guān)考生個人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。Conflictswithothersarecommonineverydaylife.【參考范文】Conflicts__with__others__are__common__in__everyday__life.Duringthebasketballgameyesterdayafternoon,SuHuaandLiJiangbumpedintoeachother,tryingtocatchtheball.Thentheystartedshoutingandyelling,anditturnedintoahorriblequarrel.Tobehonest,itwasSu'sfaultbutLiwasalsotoblame—theywerenotcalmenoughandbothsaidsomereallymeanthings.Theycaredtoomuchaboutwinningandlosing.Asamatteroffact,blocking,pushingandbumpingarejustpartofatoughgame.Toavoidsuchconflicts,weshouldbekindtooneanother,whichisessentialtoenjoyaharmoniouslife.Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.Insteadofblamingeachother,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.Don'tbeself-centredandtrytobeconsiderate.Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwisely.【名師點撥】拿到一篇書面表達后，我們首先要審好題。本文審題應(yīng)明確以下幾點：(1)這是一篇就身邊發(fā)生的事情發(fā)表評論并提出建議的作文；(2)你是以學(xué)生的名義向?qū)W校英文報“HappyTeens”專欄投稿，評論和建議內(nèi)容使用第一人稱；(3)時態(tài)：文章的基調(diào)是一般現(xiàn)在時，但描述事情的經(jīng)過和分析發(fā)生沖突的原因時，用過去時；(4)注意事項：試題中給出的三個注意事項一定要加以注意。審好題之后，就是構(gòu)思如何布局謀篇了。本篇作文，題目給出的提示信息非常明確，文章包括如下要點和層次：(1)第一段：簡述事情經(jīng)過；(2)第二段：分析原因；(3)第三段：提出建議、解決措施；(4)第四段：結(jié)論(總結(jié))。【范文亮點】(1)文章層次分明，脈絡(luò)清晰；(2)第一段并不是直接沒頭沒腦地描述事情的經(jīng)過，而是先提出自己的觀點：Conflictswithothersarecommonineverydaylife.，然后再引到你班同學(xué)蘇華和李江打籃球時發(fā)生爭執(zhí)這件事情上來；(3)使用了一定量的高級詞匯和高級結(jié)構(gòu)：高級詞匯，如：essential，harmonious，considerate等；高級結(jié)構(gòu)，如：itturnedintoahorriblequarrel；Tobehonest；Asamatteroffact；whichisessentialtoenjoyaharmoniouslife(非限制性定語從句)等；(4)使用了過渡性詞語：then，and，but等。怎樣破解長短句一、長難句考情播報縱觀近幾年高考試題，長句難句增多是一個明顯的特點?？忌铑^疼的就是這些句子了，這些句子中有倒裝、定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句、省略等現(xiàn)象，可謂“句中套句”，結(jié)構(gòu)極為復(fù)雜，嚴(yán)重影響考生的正確理解與閱讀速度。沒有扎實的語言基本功底很難在短時間內(nèi)理出頭緒，甚至影響考生情緒。因此打破常規(guī)讀與講的傳統(tǒng)方法，沖刺復(fù)習(xí)中把快速閱讀與突破長難句有機結(jié)合起來，考前有針對性地進行強化訓(xùn)練顯得十分必要。二、長難句的特點特點一含多個從句，句中套句【例1】However，thoseofuswhoareparentsofchildreninthisagegroupknowthatsuchoffersarerelativelyrareandthatmanyliberal-artsstudents(文科生)graduatewiththebeliefthattheprospective(預(yù)期的)workplacemaynothaveaplaceforthem.解析這個句子雖然不是很長，但屬于那種“句中有句”的類型。本句的主、謂語是：thoseofusknow。know后面有兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(thatsuchoffersarerelativelyrare)和(thatmanyliberal-artsstudents(文科生)graduate)，其中第二個省略了know。在主句中還有一個定語從句(whoareparentsofchildreninthisagegroup)修飾thoseofus，在第二個賓語從句中還有一個同位語從句(thattheprospective(預(yù)期的)workplacemaynothaveaplaceforthem)修飾belief。譯文：然而，我們這些有這個年齡段孩子的家長們都知道，這樣的機會少得可憐；我們也知道，許多文科畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為未來的就業(yè)市場沒有他們的一席之地。特點二含多個并列結(jié)構(gòu)【例2】HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill，inBedfordshire，andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplaceheknewwell，buthestillcouldnotseethatconnectionwithKatherineofAragon，untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillparkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1973.解析實際上全句就由一個主句Hefoundthat...和兩個并列句and...，but...組成，只是每個句中都有一個賓語從句，最后的but并列句中還包含了一個由until引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。譯文：他發(fā)現(xiàn)KitWilliams在Bedfordshire的阿帕斯?fàn)柟珗@附近度過了他的童年。所以他認(rèn)為KitWilliams一定在一個他非常熟悉的地方把兔子給埋了，但是他還是看不出兔子和Aragon的Katherine之間有什么聯(lián)系，直到有一天他在阿帕斯?fàn)柟珗@碰巧看見兩個石制的十字架，他才懂得在1973年，修建這兩個十字架是為了向她表示敬意。特點三含插入語或零散結(jié)構(gòu)【例3】Dad，inahurrytogethomebeforedarksohecouldgoforarun，hadforgottentowearhissafetybelt—amistake75%oftheUSpopulationmakeeveryday.解析inahurrytogethomebeforedark...是插入語作狀語用，句末又用破折號引出另一個零散結(jié)構(gòu)amistake75%oftheUSpopulationmakeeveryday，對全句進行了一個補充說明。譯文：爸爸急匆匆地在天黑之前趕回家，以便他能出去跑步，卻忘記系安全帶——這是75%的美國人每天犯的一個錯誤。特點四含強調(diào)、倒裝或省略結(jié)構(gòu)【例4】Amongthedifferentkindsofbees，itisthehoney－beethathasinterestedscientistsmostbecauseofthe“l(fā)anguage”thattheyusetocommunicatewitheachother.解析用逗號將用作狀語的介詞短語提前，再用強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“Itis...that...”強調(diào)主句的主語thehoney－bee，最后理解加長句子的關(guān)鍵是狀語中包含了一個由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。譯文：在各種不同種類的蜂中，蜜蜂因其在彼此之間進行溝通所用的“語言”而最使科學(xué)家們感興趣。提示課后完成《高考維“升”素1》36“記”之多元文化★★★A話題核心單詞1.immigrantn．移民2．a(chǎn)pproximatelyadv.大約地3．nationalityn．國籍4．racen．種族5．a(chǎn)bsorbv．吸收6．cooperationn．合作7．maintainv．維持8．reformn．&v．改革9．mixv．混合10．significantadj.意義深遠的11．expandv．?dāng)U展12．policyn．政策13．immigrationn．移居入境14．a(chǎn)pplicantn．申請人15．culturen．文化16．customn．習(xí)俗17．multiculturaladj.多元文化的18．religionn．宗教19．multiculturalismn．多元文化20．enhancev．鞏固B話題核心短語1.crowdinto涌入2．a(chǎn)chievethehighestgrowth達到最頂峰3．takeplace發(fā)生4．a(chǎn)samatteroffact事實上5．insearchof尋找6．make__a__fortune發(fā)財7．dream__of夢想8．uptonow直到現(xiàn)在9．a(chǎn)dd...to...把……添加到……10．inuse被運用11．themajorityof大多數(shù)12．takein包含，吸收13．playapartin在……中發(fā)揮作用14．intheprocessof在……進程中15．haveaneffecton對……有影響16．cooperatewith與……合作17．makeacontributionto對……有貢獻18．a(chǎn)widerangeof大范圍的……19．thetrendofglobalization全球化趨勢20．mix...with與……混合特別關(guān)注1.add...to...(3年3考)★★★★★(1)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(addto增加；增添,addup把……加起來,addupto合計達))(2)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(additionn.加；（數(shù)）加法；增加,inaddition另外,inadditionto除……之外))①Fireworksaddedtotheattractionofthefestivalnight.煙火使節(jié)日之夜更具吸引力。②Addupallthefiguresandfindoutwhattheyaddupto.把這些數(shù)字加起來，弄清楚總計是多少。2．range(3年2考)★★★★(1)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(in/withinrange（ofsth）在……范圍內(nèi),beyond/outofrange（ofsth）在……范圍外,arangeof一系列))(2)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(rangefrom...to...在……范圍內(nèi)變化,range...inrows把……排成排))①Wecautiouslybeganaconversationandspokeaboutawiderangeofthings.我們謹(jǐn)慎地開始對話，話題廣泛。②Thepriceofbeerrangesfrom50centsto$4perliterduringthesummerseason.夏季每升啤酒價格從50美分到4美元不等。C話題核心語句1.Fortune500crowdintoChinaMarketbyallpossiblemeans.世界五百強想盡各種辦法瘋狂涌入中國市場。2．WedesiretocooperatewithAmericancompaniesthatwanttoexpandabroad.我們渴望與想拓展國外市場的美國公司合作。3．OurStudents'Uniontookinanewmemberyesterday.昨天，學(xué)生會吸納了一名新成員。4．Nowadaysmulticulturalismplaysamoresignificantpartinthedevelopmentofsocietyundertheinfluenceofthetrendofglobalization.目前，在全球化的趨勢的影響下，多元文化在社會發(fā)展方面起著更加重要的作用。5．WhenitcomestotheflourishingindustryoffilmintheUSA，themajorityofpeopleconsidermulticulturalismasthemostimportantfactor.當(dāng)談到美國繁榮昌盛的電影行業(yè)，大多數(shù)人會認(rèn)為多元文化是其最重要的原因。6．ManyracesaremixedwithoneanotherinChina.在中國，多民族雜居在一起。7．Manysettlers，dreamingofmakingafortune，movedtoAmericalastyear.去年許多移民者懷著發(fā)財夢前往美國?！衷~入章，相得益彰There'snodenyingthatweallmayexperiencevariouskindsoffeelings，suchassorrow，happiness，anger，etc.Whendelighted，Ienjoysharingmyhappinesswithothers.Sharingyourhappinesswithothersnotonlyincreasesyourhappiness，butalsogivesotherpeopletheopportunitytotastethejoyfulmomentyouexperienced.Moreover，sharingwithotherscanimpressothersthatyoutrustthem.Thus，youcangainfriendshipaswellastheabilityofdealingwithothers.Itissaidthatwhenyoushareyourhappiness，itwillbedoubled；whenyoushareyoursorrow，itwillberelieved.Recently，Ihavelearnedthislesson.破解長難句錦囊妙計一、核心簡化法1．找準(zhǔn)主干2．理清邏輯關(guān)系先將句子的修飾成分(名詞性從句，定語從句，狀語從句，非謂語動詞或短語)去掉，露出主干，然后再分析修飾成分和主句的關(guān)系。【例5】Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.解析此句的主干是Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedby...that...。that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。在that從句中，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作thinkabout的賓語，且what在賓語從句中作do的賓語。譯文：我們?nèi)绱溯p易地被減肥產(chǎn)品的承諾和潛能所吸引，以至于不去考慮減肥產(chǎn)品對我們的影響。二、分層理解法(結(jié)構(gòu)分析法)1．把長句拆成較短的復(fù)合句或簡單句。如and，but，or等引導(dǎo)的并列句；which，that，who，where，when引導(dǎo)的定語從句；when，if，though，because引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。2．根據(jù)需要再將分詞短語，不定式，介詞短語，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等從句中剝離出來。學(xué)生在理解單句的前提下，再復(fù)合成整體去解讀，熟能生巧，受益無窮。三、單句重排法這種方法是以分層理解法為前提的，在分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)后，根據(jù)分句標(biāo)志和連接詞，把復(fù)合句化解為單個簡單句，進行單句重排，從而使“復(fù)雜的句子簡單化”?！纠?】Whereasawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasn'tunusualtohearamansaid(that)hedidn'tknow(that)hisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.我們給以單句重排：1．Awoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage.2．Itwasn'tunusualtohearamansaid...3．Hedidn'tknow(that)hisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustrouble.4．Hisfriendappearedonenightandaskedhimifhecouldsleeponthesofa.解析夾雜多種語法結(jié)構(gòu)notunusual＝usual；not...until...，直到……才……。譯文：一個女人最親密的女性朋友可能是第一個告訴她離開一個失敗的婚姻；而聽見一個男人說直到他的朋友一天晚上問他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這是很平常的。四、意群閱讀法1．掃描相關(guān)的連接詞或句型。2．根據(jù)意群和語法結(jié)構(gòu)整體閱讀，從而提高速度，增強理解。這種方法特別適合含插入語或零散結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，如前面提到的：Dad，inahurrytogethomebeforedarksohecouldgoforarun，hadforgottentowearhissafetybelt——amistake75%oftheUSpopulationmakeeveryday.讀這個句子時我們重點抓住Dad，hurry，dark，run，safetybelt，mistake，make就行了。五、句義補全法1．根據(jù)前后文，將省略句被省略的成分補出來，使句子變得完整。2．將句中的詞、詞組或短語轉(zhuǎn)換成分句，使句義變得更加明顯。此法是針對省略句的，如：【例7】FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury，thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds，includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem，andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabPolytechnique.現(xiàn)補全如下：1．(Thetheoremwas)firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury；2．(Thefinestmathematicalminds)includedaFrenchwomanscientist；3．(She)madeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem；4．(She)hadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabPolytechnique.譯文：這個定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾難住了一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師，包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。提示課后完成《高考維“升”素2》36“記”之個人情感★★★★★A話題核心單詞1.angern．怒，憤怒2．a(chǎn)nxietyn．擔(dān)憂，焦慮3．fearn．害怕，恐懼，擔(dān)憂4．stressn．壓力，緊張5．priden．自豪，驕傲6．shamen．遺憾的事，羞愧7．passionn．激情，熱情，酷愛8．frightvt.驚恐，驚嚇9．embarrassvt.使窘迫，使尷尬10．a(chǎn)dmirevt.欽佩，贊賞，羨慕11．tenseadj.緊張的12．optimisticadj.樂觀的13．positiveadj.積極的，明確的14．negativeadj.負(fù)面的，消極的15．a(chǎn)nnoyedadj.煩惱的16．determinedadj.堅決的17．enthusiasticadj.熱情的18．sorrowfuladj.悲傷的19．discouragedadj.沮喪的20．a(chǎn)nxiousadj.焦急的，憂慮的特別關(guān)注anxious(3年2考)★★★★(1)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(beanxiousfor/aboutsth為……擔(dān)心（憂慮）,beanxiousfor渴望得到,beanxious（forsb）todosth渴望（某人）做……))(2)anxiouslyadv.焦急地，憂慮地，渴望地(3)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(anxietyn.焦慮，憂慮，擔(dān)心,withanxiety焦慮地))①Areyouanxiousandrestlessifyouareseparatedfromyourmobilephone?如果把你跟手機分開的話，你是否焦躁不安？②I'manxiousforeverybodytohavefinishedby9o'clock.我渴望每個人在9點前都已完成任務(wù)。B話題核心短語1.bepleasedwith對……滿意2．bedelightedtodo高興地做3．beconfidentof對……有信心4．beproudof對……感到自豪5．getalong/onwith和……相處6．meannoharm沒有惡意7．lose__heart灰心，泄氣8．share...withsb與某人分享……9．besorryfor對……感到難過、歉疚10．lookforwardtosth/doingsth盼望11．in__return(forsth)作為(……的)回報12．in__the__long__term從長期看來13．thatistosay也就是說14．bedisappointedwithsb對……感到失望15．turnone'sbackto背對著，不理睬16．putoneselfinsb'sposition設(shè)身處地17．beangrywithsbaboutsth因某事生某人的氣18．beworriedabout/worryabout擔(dān)憂19．inasatisfying/satisfactoryway以一種令人滿意的方式20．feel/beupset/nervous感到不安/緊張C話題核心語句1.Mr.BrakeembarrassesmewiththedifficultquestionIcan'tanswer.布雷克先生的問題我不能回答，使我很窘。2．Wehadananxiouscoupleofweekswaitingforthetestresults.我們度過了幾周焦急等待考試結(jié)果的日子。3．Onlyifweputourselvesineachother'spositioncanwehaveabetterunderstandingofeachother'sfeeling.我們只有站在彼此的立場，才能更好地了解彼此的感受。4．Whenwehavetoliveinthechangeablesociety，wemightnotcopewithdifficultieswithoutdeterminationandastrongwill.當(dāng)我們不得不生活在這多變的社會中時，如果沒有決心和堅強的意志，我們不知如何面對困難。5．Oneofthereasons，Ibelieve，isthatyoumightbetooshytotalkconfidentlywithyourclassmates.我認(rèn)為，其中一個原因是你可能太害羞以至于不敢自信地和同學(xué)談話。6．Whateverwedo，wetakeitforgrantedthatwecanovercomeallthedifficultiesinourlifeinahappymood.無論我們做什么，我們認(rèn)為我們理所當(dāng)然能快樂地克服生活中的所有困難。7．Aboveall，weshouldsparenoefforttocontrolourtemperandsolvetheproblemcalmly.首要的是，我們要能盡量控制住自己的脾氣并平心靜氣地解決問題?！衷~入章，相得益彰OnceIhadasimilarexperience.Ifinishedmyjuniormiddleschoolinaboardingschool.Attheageof13，Ineverdealtwiththedailythings，suchaswashingclothes，takingcareofmoneyetc.IfeltlonelybecauseIhardlyknewanypeople.Atfirst，IcouldnotgetonwellwithmyclassmatesandIalwayslookedforwardtogoingonholidaytomeetmyparents.Icouldnotconcentrateonmysubjects.Astimewentby，Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.Imadeseveralfriendswithourclassmatesandoftentookpartintheactivities，inwhichIimprovedmycommunicatingskills.AsIhadalotofinterestingthingstodo，Ifinallyenjoyedmyschoollife.Now，wheneverIthinkofmyfirstboardingschoollife，Ithinkitinstructiveandunforgettable.如何做細節(jié)理解題一題型特點與命題方式所謂細節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對原文的具體細節(jié)發(fā)問的題目。一般包括直接信息題、語義轉(zhuǎn)化題、數(shù)字計算題、排列順序題、圖表圖畫題等。抓住文段中的事實和細節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵。此類題型的題干常為：When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct?Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentionedinthepassage?Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?Allthestatementsaretrueexcept...這類題大多可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息或是其變體。所以，搜讀信息非常重要，它包括理解作者使用的具體事實、數(shù)據(jù)、圖表等。因為短文的大部分篇幅都屬于圍繞主體展開的細節(jié)，所以做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進行分析，從而找出答案。一、直接信息題對此類題型，考生可以先從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中迅速尋找對應(yīng)的細節(jié)，找到后再將此部分內(nèi)容仔細閱讀一遍，認(rèn)真比較所給選項與文中細節(jié)的細微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細節(jié)的前提下，最終確定最佳答案。“IWentSkydivingat84！”Asayounggirlgrowingupinthe1930s，Ialwayswantedtoflyaplane，butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforawomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreamin2001，whenmyhusbandarrangedformetorideinahot-airballoonformybirthday.Buttheexperienceturnedouttobeverydull.Aroundthattime，ItoldmyhusbandthatIwantedtoskydive.Sowhenourretirementcommunity(社區(qū))announcedthattheywerehavinganessaycompetitionandthetopicwasanexperienceofalifetimethatyouwantedtohave，Idecidedtowriteaboutmydream.Intheessay，Iwroteaboutmydesiretoskydive，statingGeorgeBushSr.diditatage80.Whynotme？Iwasjust84andinprettygoodhealth.AyearwentbyandIheardnothing.ButthenatacommunitypartyinlateApril2009，theyannouncedthatIwasoneofthewinners.Ijustcouldn'tbelieveit.Inspiredbythis，Idecidedtorealizemydream，eventhoughsomeofmyfamilymembersandmydoctorwereagainstit.OnJune11，2009，nearly40ofmyfamilyandfriendsgatheredintheareaclosetowhereIwouldlandwhileIheadedupintheairplane.Myinstructor，Jay，guidedmethroughtheexperience.TheplanewasthenoisiestoneIhadeverbeenin，butIwasn'tfrightened—Iwasreallyjustlookingforwardtotheexperience.Whenwereached13，000feet，Jayinstructedmetothrowmyselfoutoftheplane.Whenwefirsthittheair，thewindwassostrongthatIcouldhardlybreathe.ForasecondIthought，“WhathaveIgottenmyselfinto？”Buttheneverythinggotcalmer.WewereinafreefallforaboutaminutebeforeJayopenedtheparachute(降落傘)，thenwejustfloateddownwardforaboutfiveminutes.BeingupinthecloudsandlookingattheviewbelowwasunlikeanythingIhaveeverfelt—muchbetterthanthehot-airballoon.Iwasjustenjoyingit.Skydivingwasreallyoneofthegreatestexperiencesofmylife.Ihopeotherpeoplewilllookatmeandrealizethatyoudon'tstoplivingjustbecauseyouare84yearsold.Ifthere'ssomethingyouwanttoexperience，lookintoit.Ifit'ssomethingthatispossible，makeithappen.1．Whathappenedtotheauthorin2001?A．Sheflewanairplane.B．Sheenteredacompetition.C．Shewentonahot-airballoonride.D．Shemovedintoaretirementcommunity.答案C[根據(jù)文章第一段“Igotatasteofthatdreamin2001”可以選出答案。]2．TheauthormentionedGeorgeBushSr.inheressayto________．A．buildupherownreputationB．showheradmirationforhimC．comparetheirhealthconditionD．makeherargumentpersuasive3．Howdidtheauthorfeelimmediatelyaftershejumpedoutoftheplane?A．Excited.B．Scared.C．Nervous.D．Regretful.4．Whatdidtheauthorenjoymostwhenshewasskydiving?A．Thebeautifulclouds.B．Thewonderfulview.C．ThecompanyofJay.D．Theone-minutefreefall.答案2.D3.D4.B提示課后完成《高考維“升”素3》36“記”之美麗世界A話題核心單詞1.continentn．洲2．baggagen．行李3．sceneryn．風(fēng)景4．surroundvt.包圍5．harbourn．海港6．souvenirn．紀(jì)念品7．bordern．邊界8．mountainousadj.多山的9．neighborvt.與……為鄰10．bushn．灌木11．frostn．霜12．wealthyadj.富有的13．mistyadj.有霧的14．pillarn．支柱15．downtownadj.市區(qū)的16．resourcen．資源B話題核心短語1.touristattractions旅游景點2．beonatripto去……的一次旅行3．ontheAtlanticcoast在大西洋海岸4．fascinatingscenery迷人的景色5．crossthewholecontinent橫跨整個大洲6．a(chǎn)wealthofhistoryrelics寶貴的歷史遺跡7．goeastward往東走8．a(chǎn)boardthetrain上火車9．settledown定居10．vacationspots度假勝地11．spendone'stimeinsightseeing游覽觀光12．befamousfor因……而出名13．withanareaof...有著……的面積14．a(chǎn)nurbanarea市區(qū)15．takeoffat3：00p．m.下午三點起飛16．leavefor動身去……17．goonatour做一次旅行18．a(chǎn)tdawn在黎明C話題核心語句1.YoucanhaveaviewofParisfromtheEiffelTower.從埃菲爾鐵塔上你可以看到巴黎全景。2．Coveringatotalareaof7，434squarekilometersthiscityhasapopulationofabouttenmillion.這座城市占地面積達7434平方公里，人口大約是1千萬。3．Thiscountrywherewelivehasmorefreshwaterthananyothercountryintheworld.我們居住的這個國家比其他國家擁有更多的淡水(資源)。4．Myhometown，neighboringHongKong，islocatedinGuangdongProvince.我的家鄉(xiāng)，毗鄰香港，位于廣東省。5．Iwouldliketointroducemyhometowntoyou.我向你介紹一下我的家鄉(xiāng)。6．Canadaisamulticulturalcountry，whichisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.加拿大是一個多元文化的國家，是世界第二大國。7．ThepopulationofCanadaisonlyslightlyoverthirtymillion.加拿大的人口僅三千萬多一點。8．Guangzhou，acitywithapopulationofaboutthirteenmillion，hasahistoryofmorethan2，200years.廣州，擁有一千三百萬人口的一座城市，有2200多年的歷史了?！衷~入章，相得益彰LocatedinQiangangVillageofConghuaCityinGuangdongProvince，GuangyuTemple，whichcoversanareaof900squaremeters，issaidtobebuiltbetween1426and1435.Afteritwasfirstbuilt，majorrepairswereconstantlydoneindifferentdynasties，sevenofwhichwererecorded.Itisthefirstdiscoveryofancientbuildingswithexactbuildingtimeinourprovince.Thelocalvillagersandgovernmenttreasurethegrandrelicandprotectitwithgreatcareandrepairitwhennecessary.Becauseoftheirgreatefforts，in2003，GuangyuTemplewonthefirstprizeoftheUNAwardoftheCulturalRelicsConservation.IfeelproudtointroduceGuangyuTempletoyou.Ihopeyoucancomeheretohavealookyourself.如何做細節(jié)理解題二二、間接細節(jié)題做這類題目時，考生需要先對原文信息進行加工處理，然后進行進一步的推理或鑒別。間接細節(jié)題是介于事實細節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，對考生來說有一定難度。這類試題常呈現(xiàn)以下特點：1．題目問的是主要原因或真正原因，而命題者總把一些次要的、非直接的、非根本的原因放進選項。由于這些原因也是文章中提到的，因此考生稍不仔細就會選錯。做這類題目，要注意問題中的“themain/chief/realcause(reason，factor)”等單詞，然后進行分析，理出最主要的、直接的、根本的原因。2．題目問的是文中某一情況，但選項中出現(xiàn)了該情況的后果、影響，由于它們和原因一樣都與某件事有關(guān)，且出現(xiàn)在同一段落或相關(guān)句中，稍不留心，就會搞錯。做此類題目時，應(yīng)理清文中所說事物的原因、結(jié)果和影響之間的邏輯關(guān)系。StudentsandTechnologyintheClassroomIlovemyBlackberry—it'smylittleconnectiontothelargerworldthatcangoanywherewithme.Ialsolovemylaptopcomputer，asitholdsallofmywritingandthoughts.Despitethisloveoftechnology，IknowthattherearetimeswhenIneedtomoveawayfromthesedevices(設(shè)備)andtrulycommunicatewithothers.Onoccasion，IteachacoursecalledHistoryMattersforagroupofhighereducationmanagers.Mygoalsfortheclassincludeafulldiscussionofhistoricalthemesandideas.BecauseIwantstudentstothoroughlystudythematerialandexchangetheirideaswitheachotherintheclassroom，Ihavearule—nolaptops，iPads，phones，etc.Whenstudentsweretoldmyruleinadvanceoftheclass，someofthemwerenothappy.Moststudentsassumethatmyreasonsforthisruleincludeunpleasantexperiencesinthepastwithstudentsmisusingtechnology.There'sabitoftruthtothat.SomestudentsassumethatIamanti-technology.There'snotruthinthatatall.IlovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithitsoIcanrelatetomystudents.TherealreasonwhyIaskstudentstoleavetechnologyatthedooristhatIthinkthereareveryfewplacesinwhichwecanhavedeepconversationsandtrulyengagecomplexideas.Interruptionsbytechnologyoftenbreakconcentrationandallowfortoomuchdependenceonoutsideinformationforideas.Iwantstudentstodigdeepwithinthemselvesforinspirationandideas.Iwantthemtopusheachothertothinkdifferentlyandtomakeconnectionsbetweenthecoursematerialandtheclassdiscussion.I'vebeenteachingmyhistoryclassinthiswayformanyyearsandtheevaluationsreflectstudentsatisfactionwiththeenvironmentthatIcreate.Studentsrealizethatwithdeepconversationandchallenge，theylearnatalevelthathelpsthemkeepthecoursematerialbeyondtheclassroom.I'mnotsayingthatIwon'teverchangemymindabouttechnologyuseinmyhistoryclass，butuntilIhearareallygoodreasonforthechange，I'mstickingtomyplan.Afewhoursoftechnology-freedialogueisjusttoosweettogiveup.1．Someofthestudentsinthehistoryclasswereunhappywith________．A．thecoursematerialB．othermisuseoftechnologyC．discussiontopicsD．theauthor'sclassregulations答案D[根據(jù)第二段的“Ihavearule—nolaptops，iPads，phones，etcsomeofthemwerenothappy”可知答案。在這里，我們需要把“rule”以及后面的“someofthemwerenothappy”進行關(guān)聯(lián)。]2．Theunderlinedword“engage”inPara.4probablymeans________．A．exploreB．a(chǎn)cceptC．changeD．reject3．Accordingtotheauthor，theuseoftechnologyintheclassroommay________．A．keepstudentsfromdoingindependentthinkingB．encouragestudentstohavein-depthconversationsC．helpstudentstobetterunderstandcomplexthemesD．a(chǎn)ffectstudents'concentrationoncourseevaluation4．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattheauthor________．A．isquitestubbornB．willgiveupteachinghistoryC．willchangehisteachingplansoonD．valuestechnology-freedialoguesinhisclass答案2.A3.A4.D提示課后完成《高考維“升”素4》36“記”之人際關(guān)系★★★★★A話題核心單詞1.disliken．&vt.不喜歡；厭惡2．friendshipn．友誼3．ignorevt.駁回訴訟；忽視4．teenagern．十幾歲的青少年5．upsetadj.心煩意亂的6．partnern．伙伴；合作者7．workmaten．同事；工友8．gratefuladj.感激的；表示謝意的9．considerateadj.體貼的10．honestadj.誠實的；正直的11．cheatv．欺騙；作弊12．perfectadj.完美的；極好的13．concernv．涉及；關(guān)心14．personaladj.個人的；私人的15．mercifuladj.仁慈的16．preciousadj.珍貴的17．enthusiasticadj.熱情的18．relativeadj.相關(guān)的；n.親屬19．selflessadj.無私的20．communicatev．交際；溝通特別關(guān)注concern(3年2考)★★★★beconcernedabout/for擔(dān)心；憂慮showconcernfor關(guān)心；關(guān)注beconcerned＋that-clause擔(dān)心beconcernedwith與……有關(guān)as/sofarassb/sth＋be＋concerned就……而言①Iwasconcernedthathemighthavenomoneyandnotbeabletoaffordsomethingtoeat.我擔(dān)心他可能沒錢，買不起東西吃。②Heaskedsomequestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.他就公司發(fā)展提了一些問題。B話題核心短語1.beconcernedabout關(guān)心；掛念2．builduptruefriendship建立真正的友誼3．getalongwith與……相處；發(fā)展4．fallinlovewith相愛；愛上5．promotefriendshipwith增進同……的友誼6．think__highly/much__of對……評價很高7．help(sb)out幫助(某人)擺脫困境8．turntosbforhelp向某人求助9．becrazyabout對……狂熱10．knowsbwell熟知某人11．makefriendswithsb和某人交朋友12．a(chǎn)strongpersonality很強的個性13．formafriendshipwithsb與某人建立友誼14．trusteachother相互信任15．sharehappinessandsorrowswithsb與某人同甘共苦16．be__loyal__to對……忠誠17．get/keepintouchwithsb取得/保持同某人的聯(lián)系18．lookdownupon看不起；輕視19．lookafter/takecareof照顧20．keepone'spromise/word守信用C話題核心語句1.Truefriendshipshouldbebasedonmutualunderstanding，notonmutualbenefit.Moreover，bothmustalsohavesimilarideals.真正的友誼應(yīng)該基于相互的理解，而不是相互的利益。而且，兩個人必須也有相似的理想。2．Afriendissomeonewhomyoucouldtelleverythingto，likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughtsandalsotheonewhounderstandswhatyouaregoingthrough.朋友是那個你可以向他傾訴一切并且懂得你所經(jīng)歷的事情的人。3．I'msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However，thesituationiseasytochangeifyoutakemyadvice.很抱歉你在交友上遇到麻煩。然而，假如你聽從我的建議，情況是很容易改變的。4．Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahandtosolvethisproblem.如果你能幫忙解決這個問題，我將不勝感激。5．TherewasatimewhenIwasupsetaboutsomesmallthings.我曾一度對一些瑣事感到很煩惱。6．Hewonderswhetheritisbecauseherfriendsaresoconcernedaboutherthatshehascalmedherselfdown.他在想是否因為她的朋友對她很關(guān)心，所以她的心情才平復(fù)下來?！衷~入章，相得益彰TherewasatimewhenIwasupsetaboutsomesmallthings.IpackedupmythingsandwenttoBeijing.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenthere.OnedayIhappenedtomeetLiPingwhenIwasvisitingtheSummerPalace.Ifounditeasytogetalongwithhim.Itwasapleasuretobetogetherwithhimchatting.Soonwebecamegoodfriends.ItwasbecauseIhadsuchafriendthatIwasn'tupsetanddidn'tfeellonelyanylonger.NotuntilthendidIreallyrealizethevalueoffriends.如何做細節(jié)理解題三三、識圖解義題試題中常有插圖、圖解或地圖等。這是形象化地表現(xiàn)信息的形式，有的只起輔助作用，用以降低試題難度。解答這類題需要考生一邊閱讀一邊按照空間順序或細節(jié)描寫，對照所給圖以確定選項。IntheUnitedStates，thereweresomewell-constructedhousesfornativeIndians，rangingfromthesimplebrushsheltertothefive-storiedpueblo.IntheeasternUnitedStates，oneoftheexistingtypeswasthatcommonlyknownundertheAlgonkiannameofwigwaminwhichtheIroquoisIndianslived.Thewigwamswereofwagon-topshapewithstraightsidesandends，madebybendin