《橡林譯穗》之一

《橡林譯穗》之一念奴嬌赤壁懷古蘇軾(東坡)

大江東去，浪淘盡，千古風(fēng)流人物。故壘西邊，人道是，三國(guó)周郎赤壁。亂石崩云，驚濤裂岸，卷起千堆雪；江山如畫，一時(shí)多少豪杰。遙想公瑾當(dāng)年，小喬初嫁了，雄姿英發(fā)，羽扇綸巾，談笑間，強(qiáng)虜灰飛煙滅。故國(guó)神游，多情應(yīng)笑我，早生華發(fā)。人生如夢(mèng)，一尊還酹江月。

譯按:東坡此詞，千載以來(lái)，釋者紛紜。關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題圍繞“神游者”、”多情“、“笑者”究作何解？大別之，約分三派：第一Ａ派（如鄭騫教授）謂“神游者”東坡自指，“故國(guó)”指“故鄉(xiāng)’(四川眉山)，“多情”則實(shí)指東坡亡妻蘇夫人王弗；第二Ｂ派謂“神游者”固?hào)|坡自指，但“故國(guó)”則指“公瑾當(dāng)年”、“一時(shí)多少豪杰”之古代三國(guó)；第三Ｃ派謂“神游者”乃泛指虛指任何客觀精神主體，“多情”則指東坡命運(yùn)坎坷，軾被多情誤一生！。一表東坡伉儷恩愛(ài)，意切情真；二嘆生不逢辰，功業(yè)無(wú)就；三示溟同大化，曠達(dá)空靈。譯者對(duì)之，三說(shuō)并陳，不作左右袒，唯讀者自擇。唯“多情”一詞，譯成英文，須視脈絡(luò)語(yǔ)境而定。詩(shī)詞本意如何，有時(shí)雖作者難以明言，如李商隱詩(shī)。譯者所能為者，只是根據(jù)己身之體驗(yàn)、理解，轉(zhuǎn)載對(duì)原作的讀後意象、情的蘊(yùn)發(fā)而已。故對(duì)他人譯品之評(píng)鑒（除顯然大謬者外），宜多予包容。美國(guó)詩(shī)人弗羅斯特(RobertFrost)、葉公超之師，有名言曰：“詩(shī)之妙，翻就掉！”復(fù)次，艾克曼問(wèn)歌德《浮士德》詩(shī)劇對(duì)后人之意義〔實(shí)啟發(fā)〕，歌德答道：“非某夢(mèng)料所及?！惫食祥_(kāi)三說(shuō)之外，尚可有第四、第五說(shuō)等之可能。例如博友@擺渡優(yōu)雅新提，從“笑主”著眼，而謂“笑主“——“多情者”——指“清靜本性”；“所笑”指“應(yīng)境生情”之“報(bào)身”而言。東坡之自笑，是以“作為超我”之東坡，笑“作為凡我”之東坡。“多情者”之本身，即指“宇宙上天等大意識(shí)”。義近現(xiàn)象學(xué)及唯識(shí)佛學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，如純我、pureego；凈識(shí)、amala-vijnana等，但不宜入譯。無(wú)以，姑以“richandgenuineaffection”(真情醇厚)應(yīng)工，列為第四說(shuō)備考。下列四種譯本，讀者高見(jiàn)以為哪種錯(cuò)誤較少呢？RemembranceofThingsPastatRedCliff

SuDongpo

(1037-1101)

Trans.

SundharaandSandara

[VersionA]TheGreatRivereastwardseverflows,and

Itsmightywaveshavesweptawayalltheancientgallants.

Westoftheworn-outfortress,thefolkssay,

StillremainsRedCliffofYoungMarshallZhou'sday

IntheeraofThreeKingdoms.

Riotousrockspiercedtheclouds,

awesome

Roaringbillowsassaultedtheshores,

Pilingupsnowdriftsathousandfold.

Howpicturesquethelandscape,behold!

Andhowmanyheroesweresure

Toemergesuddenlyinthistime!

Icanwellenvision,thoughdistantly,

MarshallZhouinhisprime

ToyoungQiaotherarebeautynewly

Wedded,dashinganddebonaire.

Withafeatherfaninhand,asilkkerchieftowear,

InamomentoflivelybanterHehadthestrongenemyfleetsconquered,

Allreducedtoflyingashesandsmolderingsmoke.Nay,spirituallytoreturnhome,Imustbelaughedataffectionatelyformyearlygrey!

Life’sbutadreamindeed.Let'spouroutalibationForthemooninriverreflection![VersionB]TheGreatRivereastwardseverflows,and

Itsmightywaveshavesweptawayalltheancientgallants.Westoftheworn-outfortress,thefolkssay,

StillremainsRedCliffofYoungMarshallZhou'sday

IntheeraofThreeKingdoms.

Riotousrockspiercedtheclouds,

awesome

Roaringbillowsassaultedtheshores,

Pilingupsnowdriftsathousandfold.

Howpicturesquethelandscape,behold!

Andhowmanyheroesweresure

Toemergesuddenlyinthistime!

Icanwellenvision,thoughdistantly,

MarshallZhouinhisprime

ToyoungQiaotherarebeautynewly

Wedded,dashinganddebonaire.

Withafeatherfaninhand,asilkkerchieftowear,

InamomentoflivelybanterHehadthestrongenemyfleetsconquered,

Allreducedtoflyingashesandsmolderingsmoke.Nay,WereIspirituallytovisittheancientworldImustbe

Foundlamentableformyearlygrey!Life’sbutadreamindeed.Let'spouroutalibation

Fortherivermooninreflection!

[VersionＣ]

TheGreatRivereastwardseverflows,and

Itsmightywaveshavesweptawayalltheancientgallants.

Westoftheworn-outfortress,thefolkssay,

StillremainsRedCliffofYoungMarshallZhou'sday

IntheeraofThreeKingdoms.

Riotousrockspiercedtheclouds,

awesome

Roaringbillowsassaultedtheshores,

Pilingupsnowdriftsathousandfold.

Howpicturesquethelandscape,behold!

Andhowmanyheroesweresure

Toemergesuddenlyinthistime!

Icanwellenvision,thoughdistantly,

MarshallZhouinhisprime

ToyoungQiaotherarebeautynewly

Wedded,dashinganddebonaire.

Withafeatherfaninhand,asilkkerchieftowear,

InamomentoflivelybanterHehadthestrongenemyfleetsconquered,

Allreducedtoflyingashesandsmolderingsmoke.Nay,WereanyheroicspiritstorevisitthisverysiteImustbe

Laughedatgraciouslyformyearlygrey!Life’sbutadreamindeed.Let'spouroutalibation

Fortherivermooninreflection!

[VersionＤ]

TheGreatRivereastwardseverflows,and

Itsmightywaveshavesweptawayalltheancientgallants.

Westoftheworn-outfortress,thefolkssay,

StillremainsRedCliffofYoungMarshallZhou'sday

IntheeraofThreeKingdoms.

Riotousrockspiercedtheclouds,

awesome

Roaringbillowsassaultedtheshores,

Pilingupsnowdriftsathousandfold.

Howpicturesquethelandscape,behold!

Andhowmanyheroesweresure

Toemergesuddenlyinthistime!

Icanwellenvision,thoughdistantly,

MarshallZhouinhisprime

ToyoungQiaotherarebeautynewly

Wedded,dashinganddebonaire.

Withafeatherfaninhand,asilkkerchieftowear,

InamomentoflivelybanterHehadthestrongenemyfleetsconquered,

Allreducedtoflyin