人教版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第二冊(cè)UNIT1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking練習(xí)含答案

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅠReadingandThinking課后·訓(xùn)練提升一、單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Mostpeoplearefintheirownjobs.

答案:frustrated2.Iftwostatementsarec,thatistosay,theyaredifferent.

答案:contradictory3.Thehwasstillasleepatsixinthemorning.

答案:household4.Amanwhohasminterestsusuallyhaslotsoffriends.

答案:multiple5.Aclerkmustknowhowtohdifficultcustomers.

答案:handle二、完成句子1.我們還沒(méi)決定去哪兒度暑假。Wehaven’tdecided?foroursummerholiday.

答案:wheretogo2.他似乎對(duì)他的老師說(shuō)了謊。?hetoldalietohisteacher.

答案:Itseemedthat3.放學(xué)后我要去修自行車(chē)。I’ll?afterschool.

答案:havemybikerepaired4.通常,公共汽車(chē)上太擁擠,我找不到坐的地方。Usually,it’scrowdedonthebusIcan’tfindanywheretosit.

答案:so;that5.多虧了這場(chǎng)大雨,否則莊稼就會(huì)死了。,otherwisethecropswilldie.

答案:Thankstotheheavyrain三、閱讀理解AGovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.Yetourscienceteachingofnon-scientists,inschoolandcollege,hasbuiltupmistakenideas,dislikes,andthecommonboast,“Ineverdidunderstandscience.”Eventhosestudentswhoarriveatcollegewithplanstobecomescientistsusuallybringamistakenpictureofscience:somehaveacollectionofunorganisedfactsaboutscience,andsomeregardthestudyofscienceasagamewhichincludesgettingtherightanswer.Thefirstoftheseattitudesseemstocomefromakindofcoursewhichprovidesvariouskindsofinformation.Thesecond,fromatrainingcourseonhowtopassexaminationsthatdonotaskaboutthestudent’sunderstandingbutsimplyrequirehimtoputthenumbersintherightformulas(公式).Neithertypeofcourses(inschoolorcollege)seemstogivestudentsanunderstandingofscienceaswefinditamongscientists.Neithershowsstudentshowrealscientistsworkandthink,howthefactsaregathered,howdiscoveriesaremade,andwhattheymean.Youngpeopleneedgoodteachingofscience,notsomuchagreatwealthofknowledgeasahealthyunderstandingofthenatureofscience.Theyneedanunderstandingofknowledgeleadingtosympathywithscienceandaneagernessofthewayscientistswork.Giventhese,itiseasytoencouragelaterreadingandlearning.1.Oneofthereasonsthatcancausemistakenideasofscienceisdueto.

A.amistakenpictureinstudents’mindB.theunscientificwayofteachingscienceC.thefactthatstudentsfailtoseetheinfluenceofscienceD.thefactthatstudentshaveacollectionofunrelatedfactsaboutscience答案:B解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知造成錯(cuò)誤的科學(xué)觀念的原因之一是不科學(xué)的科學(xué)教學(xué)方法。故選B項(xiàng)。2.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelysaythatthesubjectofthepassageis.

A.needforgoodscienceteachingB.everyperson,includinggovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersshouldstudyscienceC.youngpeopleshouldformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.studentsmustknowwhatscienceisandhowscientistsworkandthink答案:A解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第二段最后三句可知這篇文章的主題是需要好的科學(xué)教學(xué)。故選A項(xiàng)。3.Agoodcourseofscienceis.

A.toteachstudentstodothingsaccordingtoformulasB.toprovidestudentswithallkindsofinformationC.tohelpstudentshaveagoodunderstandingandformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.toencouragestudentstohaveagoodcommandofknowledge答案:C解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知好的科學(xué)教學(xué)應(yīng)該是幫助學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)有好的認(rèn)識(shí)和形成正確的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。4.Peoplesuchasgovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersdealwithscientistsmainlybecause.

A.theycanbeaffectedbyscientistsB.scientistsmakediscoveriesandapplythemtohelppeopleliveamorecomfortable,stableandsafelifeC.theyowemuchtoscientists’contributionsD.scientistsaregreatpersons答案:A解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Governors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.”可知選A項(xiàng)。BHowdoesanecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食動(dòng)物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(獵物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(滅絕)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardsabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn)),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.5.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.答案:B解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“scientistshavefoundout...infoodwebs.”得知科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵法則,即B項(xiàng)。6.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator.

A.hasawidefoodchoiceB.caneasilyfindnewpreyC.stickstoonepreyspeciesD.canquicklymovetoanotherplace答案:C解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenapredator...arestronglylinked...”得出結(jié)論只吃一種獵物是“stronglink”。故選C項(xiàng)。7.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.答案:D解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Mathematicalmodels...entireecosystems.”可知“食物鏈頂端掠食動(dòng)物的變化可能會(huì)給整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)大的影響”。故選D項(xiàng)。8.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinparagraph4?A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.答案:A解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句話可知“人類的這些行為極大地影響了生態(tài)的平衡”。故選A項(xiàng)。四、語(yǔ)篇填空(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).1.?(cover)anareaaboutthreetimes2.sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat3.?(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority4.(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP5.(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,6.leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate7.(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and8.(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.

Giantpandasalsoserve9.anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies10.livewi