2024公開課標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程英語測評試卷(一)

機(jī)密★啟用前2024屆全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試〔啟航教育公共課標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程根底階段測試卷〕英語〔第一次〕(溫馨提示：同學(xué)們好，為了讓大家更好的了解自己的考研根底知識，找到自己的知識薄弱點，啟航特研發(fā)了政治、英語、數(shù)學(xué)根底階段測評試卷和答案解析，我這幾天和啟航校園代理會把英語階段測評試卷〔一〕和答案解析發(fā)到大家的QQ郵箱里，大家做完題目看完答案解析后，還有不懂的知識請記下來，啟航的老師會在以后的課程中進(jìn)行講解，英語發(fā)完后會陸續(xù)發(fā)政治和數(shù)學(xué)，如果你這兩天沒收到試卷，那可能是我們這里還沒有你的QQ號，請把QQ號發(fā)給我就可以了，試卷可以轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，祝大家學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步，詳詢啟航譚老13467526745〕答題本卷須知1．本試卷考試時間150分鐘，總分值100分。2．試卷后面附有參考答案，供學(xué)員測試后核對。

SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceontheanswersheet.(20points)1.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide_____opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessfulgroupdynamics.[A]durable [B]excessive [C]surplus [D]multiple2.Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan_____thesoundfromthisradio.[A]amplify [B]enlarge [C]magnify [D]reinforce3.Underthe_____confrontingthemitwasimpossibletocontinuethestrikeanylonger.[A]surroundings[B]settings [C]circumstances[D]environments4.Wehavethesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.[A]cancelled [B]abolished [C]refused [D]rejected5.Weshallprobablyneverbeableto_____theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.[A]assert [B]impart [C]ascertain [D]notify6.Thisdiploma_____thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.[A]proves [B]certifies [C]secures [D]approves7.Upuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost_____onfullymasteringtheskillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.[A]restrictively [B]radically [C]inclusively [D]exclusively8.Thatsounddoesn’t_____inhislanguagesoit’sdifficultforhimtopronounce.[A]happen [B]takeplace [C]occur [D]run9.Thesecurityguard_____twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.[A]expelled [B]propelled [C]repelled [D]dispelled10.Inmostcasespoliticiansare_____astheyseldomtellthetruth.[A]credible[B]credulous [C]incredulous [D]incredible11.Hesoonreceivedpromotion,forhissuperiorsrealizedthathewasamanofconsiderable_____.[A]future [B]possibility [C]ability [D]opportunity12.Britainhasthehighest_____ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.[A]density [B]intensity [C]popularity [D]prosperity13.CCTVprogramsare_____bysatellitetotheremotestareasinthecountry.[A]transferred[B]transported [C]transformed [D]transmitted14.Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget_____.[A]disposition [B]deficit [C]defect [D]discrepancy15.Thegovernmentwill_____areformintheeducationalsystem.[A]initiate [B]initial [C]initiative [D]intimate16.Estimates_____anywherefrom600000to3million.Althoughthefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermater:thatthenumberofthehomelessisincreasing.Oneofthefederalgovernment’sstudiespredictsthatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.[A]cover [B]change [C]differ [D]range17.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal〞too,aswellasinstitutional,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage_____increasing.[A]ability [B]capability [C]capacity [D]faculty18.Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner’smostimportantbasic_____isthefunctionoftheparticularspace.Forexample,atheaterwithpoorsightlines,poorsound-shapingqualities,andtoofewentriesandexitswillnotworkforitspurpose,nomatterhowbeautifullyitmightbedecorated.[A]care [B]concern [C]attention [D]intention19.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthose_____forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingorthesocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnon-REMsleep.[A]maintained [B]described [C]settled [D]afforded20.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly_____juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.[A]affect [B]reduce [C]check [D]reflectSectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET.(20points)Healthimpliesmorethanphysicalfitness.Italsoimpliesmentalandemotionalwell-being.Anangry,frustrated,emotionally21personingoodphysicalconditionisnot22healthy.Mentalhealth,therefore,hasmuchtodo23howapersoncopeswiththeworldass/heexists.Manyofthefactorsthat24physicalhealthalsoaffectmentalandemotionalwell-being.Havingagoodself-imagemeansthatpeoplehavepositive25picturesandgood,positivefeelingsaboutthemselves,aboutwhattheyarecapable26,andabouttherolestheyplay.Peoplewithgoodself-imageslikethemselves,andtheyare27likeothers.Havingagoodself-imageisbased28arealistic,aswellaspositive,oroptimistic29ofone’sownworthandvalueandcapabilities.Stressisanunavoidable,necessary,andpotentiallyhealthful30ofoursociety.Peopleofallages31stress.Childrenbeginto32stressduringprenataldevelopmentandduringchildbirth.Examplesofstress-inducing33inthelifeofayoungpersonaredeathofapet,pressureto34academically,thedivorceofparents,orjoininganewyouthgroup.Thedifferentwaysinwhichindividuals35tostressmaybringhealthfulorunhealthyresults.Onepersonexperiencingagreatdealofstressmayfunctionexceptionallywell36anothermaybeunabletofunctionatall.Ifstressfulsituationsarecontinuallyencountered,theindividual’sphysical,social,andmentalhealthareeventuallyaffected.Satisfyingsocialrelationsarevitalto37mentalandemotionalhealth.Itisbelievedthatinorderto38,develop,andmaintaineffectiveandfulfillingsocialrelationshipspeoplemust39theabilitytoknowandtrusteachother,understandeachother,influence,andhelpeachother.Theymustalsobecapableof40conflictsinaconstructiveway.21.[A]unstable [B]unsure [C]imprecise [D]impractical22.[A]normally [B]generally [C]virtually [D]necessarily23.[A]on [B]at [C]to [D]with24.[A]signify [B]influence [C]predict [D]mark25.[A]intellectual [B]sensual [C]spiritual [D]mental26.[A]tobedoing [B]withdoing [C]todo[D]ofdoing27.[A]ablebetterto [B]abletobetter [C]bettertoable [D]betterableto28.[A]on [B]from [C]at [D]about29.[A]assessment [B]decision [C]determination[D]assistance30.[A]ideality [B]realization [C]realism [D]reality31.[A]occur [B]engage [C]confront [D]encounter32.[A]tolerate [B]sustain [C]experience [D]undertake33.[A]evidence [B]accidents [C]adventures [D]events34.[A]acquire [B]achieve [C]obtain [D]fulfill35.[A]respond [B]return [C]retort [D]reply36.[A]why [B]when [C]while [D]where37.[A]sound [B]all-round [C]entire [D]whole38.[A]illuminate [B]enunciate [C]enumerate [D]initiate39.[A]access [B]assess [C]process [D]possess40.[A]resolving [B]saluting [C]dissolving [D]solvingSectionIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(40points)Text1Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,right,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.41. Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause________.[A]thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged[B]theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped[C]moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade[D]ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance42. Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto________.[A]graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges[B]socialrecognition[C]socio-economicstatus[D]certainbehavioralchanges43. Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis________.[A]elevenyearsold[B]sixteenyearsold[C]twenty-oneyearsold[D]betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold44. Startingfrom22,________.[A]onewillobtainmorebasicrights[B]theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave[C]onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21[D]onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety45. Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat________.[A]inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexisted[B]noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one[C]oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicense[D]oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmText2Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-1987average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction〞betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering〞hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolongtermprofitability.BBDO’sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulancecashing.〞46. Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis________.[A]notasgoodasitseems[B]atitsturningpoint[C]muchbetterthanitseems[D]neartocompleterecovery47. Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth________.[A]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle[B]fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation[C]meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople[D]failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy48. Theauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?〞because________.[A]hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain〞[B]hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks[C]hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading[D]hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses49. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?[A]Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.[B]Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.[C]Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlongtermprofitability.[D]Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.50.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor’sattitudetowardstheproductivityrevolutionintheU.S.Ais____.[A]biased[B]optimistic[C]ambiguous[D]negativeText3MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation—andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat________.[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising52.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising?[A]Securinggreaterfame.[C]Enhancinglivingstandards.[B]Providingmorejobs.[D]Reducingnewspapercost.53.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis________.[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertising[B]interestedinnothingbutthebuyers’attention[C]correctintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformation[D]obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising54.Intheauthor’sopinion,________.[A]advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformation[B]advertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemover[C]thereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer[D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisement55.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldprobablybe_____.[A]PositiveandNegativeAspectsofAdvertising[B]BenefitsBroughtbyAdvertisingandItsPersuasiveFunction[C]AdvertisingTheBestPersuasiveandInformationMedium[D]AdvertisingtheMostEffectiveWaytoPromoteProductsText4Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup’son-lineservice,DeathNET.SaysHofsess:“Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn’tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It’sworldhistory.〞Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,righttolifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,lifeextendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretherighttodiemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath—probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill—toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff〞periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54yearoldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.“I’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’dgo,becauseI’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,〞hesays.56. Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat________.[A]theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries[B]physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasia[C]changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw[D]ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw’spassage57. Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans________.[A]observersaretakingawaitandseeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia[B]similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountries[C]observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameof