語法專題二：名詞性從句

語法專題二：名詞性從句語法專題二：名詞性從句1.名詞性從句的基本概念：1)主語從句：在句中充當(dāng)主語；亦可用it作形式主語，主語從句置于句末。2)賓語從句：在句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語；亦可用it作形式賓語，賓語從句置于句末。3)表語從句：在句中充當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞的表語。4)同位語從句：常置于fact,idea,news,promise,doubt,suggestion,possibility,belief等表示有內(nèi)容的名詞后，起解釋、說明作用。2.注意：1)名詞性從句要用陳述句語序。2)名詞性從句中缺少主語、表語、賓語時(shí)：常用what導(dǎo)，亦可用which表示選擇，用who/whom/whoever指人。缺少狀語：用where（表地點(diǎn)）,when（表時(shí)間）,how（表方式）,why（表原因）。3)如不缺成份：主語從句、同位語從句用that引導(dǎo)，不能省略；表從、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞賓從可省略引導(dǎo)詞that；介詞賓從、第二個(gè)賓從，引導(dǎo)詞that一般不省略；it作形式主語或賓語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)實(shí)際主從或賓從，一般that不省略；當(dāng)主從、賓從本身為復(fù)合句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that不省略。如：Hetoldussadlythatwhathehaddonesecretlywasdiscoveredbyhisparents.4)含賓從的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。5)主語從句做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。6)當(dāng)主句是I/Wethink（或suppose,expect,believe,imagine,guess）時(shí)，其后的賓語從句如果是否定的，常常把否定詞not從從句中移到主句中。7)只能用whether，不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下：(1)在表語從句和同位語從句中；(2)在主語從句中，如果用it做形式主語，whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語從句，否則，只能用whether(3)在介詞之后；(4)后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式；(5)與ornot連用；(6)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，只能用whether。8)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句常放在表示具體含義的名詞后，解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，該名詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成份；定語從句是對(duì)先行詞限定和修飾，先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分。鞏固練習(xí)：1.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout______Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whatC.whichD./2.______youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn’tmatter.A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When3.Shetookitforgranted______I’dbebackhomeanhourago.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when4.AtthattimeIhadnoidea______Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow5.LastSundayhepromised______today,buthehasn’tappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome6.Whatapity______is______youdidn’tarrivebydaylight.A.there;becauseB.it;thatC.he;whenD.that;for7.Fathermadeapromise______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeanewdictionary.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.thatif8.______isthemostusefulinvention?A.DoyouthinkwhichoftheseB.WhichofthesedoyouthinkC.WhichoftheseyouthinkD.Youthinkwhichofthese9.---Ibelieve______you’vedoneyourbestand______thingswillimprove.---Thankyou.A.that;/B./;/C.what;thatD./;that10.Itdependson______wehaveenoughtime.A.ifB.ifornotC.thatD.whether11.Youwillrealize______breaksthelawwillbepunished.A.thatthosewhoB.thatthosethatC.whoeverD.thosewhoever12.Idon’tdoubt______hewillcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether13.Whenandwhyhecamehere______yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeenknown14.Thecityisnolonger______.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe15.______wastheidea______thewifethoughtof?A.What;thatB.That;whatC.How;whyD.Why;how16.Oneofthemenheldtheview______thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat17.______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether18.______hereallymeansis______hedisagreeswithus.A.What;thatB.That;whatC.Why;thatD.If;what19.---Don’tyoubelieveme?---______.I’llbelieve______yousay.A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.Yes;whateverD.No;nomatterwhat20.LeiFengwasalwaysthinkingof______hecouldhelpothers.A.thatB.howC.whenD.which21.Canyoutellme______?A.whoisthatwomanB.whothewomanisC.whomisthewomanD.thatwomanis22.Outputisnowsixtimes______itwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC