紡織品專業(yè)英語匯總

紡織品專業(yè)英語匯總

1.Introduction

Inthefieldoftextiles,havingagoodcommandofEnglishnotonlyhelpsprofessionalscommunicateeffectivelybutalsoenablesthemtoaccessawealthofresourcesandstayup-to-datewiththelatestdevelopmentsintheindustry.Thiscompilationoftextile-relatedEnglishtermsmstoprovideacomprehensiveresourceforprofessionalsinthefield.Thisdocumentwillcovervariousareasincludingfibertypes,fabricconstruction,dyeingandprinting,finishingtechniques,qualitycontrol,andtextiletesting.

2.FiberTypes

2.1NaturalFibers

Cotton:Asoft,fluffyfiberthatgrowsinbollsonthecottonplant.

Wool:Thefiberobtnedfromthefleeceofsheeporotheranimals,knownforitswarmthandelasticity.

Silk:Anaturalproteinfiberproducedbysilkworms,oftenusedforitslustrousappearance.

Flax:Thefiberobtnedfromthestemoftheflaxplant,commonlyusedtomakelinenfabric.

2.2SyntheticFibers

Polyester:Asyntheticfiberknownforitsdurabilityandresistancetowrinkling.

Nylon:Asyntheticfiberwithhighstrengthandexcellentelasticity.

Acrylic:Asyntheticfiberthatissoftandlightweight,oftenusedasasubstituteforwool.

Rayon:Asemi-syntheticfibermadefromcellulose,knownforitsversatilityanddrapingqualities.

3.FabricConstruction

3.1WovenFabrics

PlnWeave:Themostbasicweavingpattern,characterizedbyasimpleover-and-underinterlacementofwarpandweftyarns.

TwillWeave:Adiagonalpatterncreatedbypassingtheweftyarnsoveroneormorewarpyarns.

SatinWeave:Aweavestructurethatproducesasmoothfabricwithalustrousappearance.

3.2KnittedFabrics

SingleJersey:Abasicknittedfabricwithasmoothfaceandaloopedback.

RibKnit:Afabricwithverticalcolumnsofrsedstitches,oftenusedforcuffsandcollars.

Interlock:Adouble-sidedknittedfabricwithasmoothfaceonbothsides.

4.DyeingandPrinting

4.1DyeingTechniques

DirectDyeing:Theprocessofapplyingcolordirectlytothefabric.

ReactiveDyeing:Adyeingtechniquethatformsachemicalbondbetweenthedyeandthefabric,resultinginexcellentcolorfastness.

DisperseDyeing:Thedyeingofsyntheticfibersusingdispersedyes,whicharefinelygroundandhavelowsolubilityinwater.

4.2PrintingTechniques

RotaryScreenPrinting:Amethodofprintingwherethefabricmovescontinuouslyandtheprintpasteisforcedthroughameshscreen.

DigitalPrinting:Aprintingtechniquethatallowsdesignstobedirectlyprintedontothefabricusingdigitalinkjetprinters.

5.FinishingTechniques

5.1WetFinishing

Washing:Theprocessofremovingimpuritiesandexcessdyefromthefabric.

Bleaching:Thechemicaltreatmentofthefabrictoremovenaturaloracquiredcolor.

Mercerization:Aprocessthatimprovesthelusterandstrengthofcottonfibersbytreatingthemwithacausticsodasolution.

5.2DryFinishing

Calendering:Theprocessofpassingthefabricbetweenheatedrollerstocreateasmooth,glossysurface.

Brushing:Afinishingtechniquethatinvolvespassingthefabricoverrotatingbrushestocreateasoft,fuzzytexture.

Shearing:Theprocessofremovingexcessfibersfromthesurfaceofthefabrictocreateauniformpileornap.

6.QualityControl

Defect:Anyimperfectionorflawinthefabric,suchasholes,stns,ormisprints.

AQL(AcceptableQualityLevel):Themaximumnumberofdefectsthatisconsideredacceptableduringinspection.

Sampling:Theprocessofselectingarepresentativesamplefromalargerpopulationfortestingandevaluation.

7.TextileTesting

7.1PhysicalTesting

TensileStrength:Themaximumamountofforceafabriccanwithstandbeforebreaking.

AbrasionResistance:Theabilityofafabrictowithstandwearandrubbing.

PillingResistance:Theabilityofafabrictoresisttheformationofpills.

7.2ChemicalTesting

pHLevel:Ameasurementofhowacidicoralkalineasubstanceis.

Colorfastness:Theabilityofafabrictoresistfadingorrunningofcolorwhenexposedtovariousconditions.

Flammability:Theeasewithwhichafabriccanigniteandsustncombustion.

Withthiscomprehensivecompilationoftextile-relatedEnglishterms,professionalsintheindustrycane