題型四　短文填空 中考英語(yǔ)人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題突破

題型四短文填空廣東題型突破練中考總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)考情分析真題范例專題精練解題技能考情分析“短文填空”的考查方式是給出一篇200詞左右的短文，要求考生通讀短文，掌握大意，然后補(bǔ)全短文，每空一詞。其中所填單詞主要以八大詞類(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞等)為主，要求考生能根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷是否需要進(jìn)行詞形變化，如名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞單數(shù)第三人稱形式、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)名詞)，形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，代詞變主格、賓格、所有格、名詞性物主代詞、反身代詞等基本形式變化；同時(shí)要注意單詞大小寫。往年的“短文填空”語(yǔ)篇設(shè)置10個(gè)空，不提供選項(xiàng)或提示詞，每空限填一詞。而2023年發(fā)生新變化，語(yǔ)篇設(shè)置10個(gè)空，提供12個(gè)提示詞，要求考生選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。難度有所下降。年份內(nèi)容主題考點(diǎn)分布價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)2023牙刷的發(fā)明史和意義名詞(2)(不可數(shù)，可數(shù))；動(dòng)詞(2)(一般過去時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞)；形容詞(1)；代詞(2)(人稱代詞賓格，連接代詞)；介詞(1)；數(shù)詞(1)；連詞(1)(從屬)引導(dǎo)考生認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)古代一項(xiàng)非常有用的發(fā)明，培養(yǎng)考生的想象力和觀察力，引導(dǎo)考生用積極的態(tài)度去認(rèn)識(shí)世界，改造世界2022茶文化的發(fā)展和傳播名詞(2)(可數(shù)，不可數(shù))；動(dòng)詞(2)(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式)；形容詞(2)(原級(jí)，比較級(jí))；代詞(1)(人稱代詞賓格)；介詞(1)；副詞(2)引導(dǎo)考生堅(jiān)定文化自信，弘揚(yáng)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，彰顯中國(guó)文化魅力年份內(nèi)容主題考點(diǎn)分布價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)2021外國(guó)友人寫書分享他對(duì)中國(guó)文化的熱愛名詞(1)(可數(shù))；動(dòng)詞(3)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))；形容詞(1)；代詞(2)(人稱代詞賓格，連接代詞)；介詞(1)；連詞(2)(從屬，并列)引導(dǎo)考生認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)對(duì)世界的吸引力，增強(qiáng)文化自信、熱愛中國(guó)文化，向世界講好中國(guó)故事返回真題范例(2023·廣東)請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。it

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundredThere

is

a

small

thing

we

use

every

day.We

usually

put66.

in

the

bathroom.Without

it，we

might

have

tooth

problems.Can

you

guess67.______it

is?Yes，it’s

the

toothbrush.But

do

you

know

anything

about

its

history?語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了牙刷的發(fā)明史和意義。itwhat66.指代前文“a

small

thing”，作賓語(yǔ)，需用代詞it。故填it。67.根據(jù)“Can

you

guess...it

is？”可知是詢問能否猜出它是什么。what表“什么”。故填what。According

to

some

research，before

toothbrushes

appeared，the

ancient

Chinese

people68.

their

teeth

with

some

small

tree

branches(樹枝).About800years

ago，people

made

a

kind

of

brushes

with

pig

hair

and

bamboo.It

might69.

the

world’s

earliest

form

of

toothbrushes.As

time

went70.

，the

forms

of

toothbrushes

changed.For

example，people

chose

horse-tail

hair

instead

of

pig

hair71.

pig

hair

was

too

hard.Imagine

that

you

travel

back

to72.

of

years

ago

and

brush

your

teeth

comfortably.It

sounds

fantastic，doesn’t

it?it

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundredcleanedbebybecausehundreds68.根據(jù)“before

toothbrushes

appeared，the

ancient

Chinese

people...their

teeth...”可知沒有牙刷時(shí)，古人用樹枝清潔牙齒。clean

the

teeth表示“清潔牙齒”；句子是一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞需用過去式。故填cleaned。69.此處是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填be。70.go

by表示“(時(shí)間)流逝”，為固定搭配。故填by。71.前后句之間是因果關(guān)系，前果后因，用because表示“因?yàn)椤?。故填because。72.根據(jù)“About800years

ago”可知此處用短語(yǔ)hundreds

of，表示“數(shù)百年前”。故填hundreds。Around

the15th

century，the

Chinese

toothbrush

found

its

way

into

Europe.It

became73.

among

local

people

soon.The74._________of

toothbrushes

was

not

as

famous

as

that

of

paper-making，but

it

was

very

useful

in

daily

life.Today

we

have

a

good75.

of

brushing

teeth.We

should

thank

the

ancient

Chinese

for

it.it

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundredpopularinventionhabit73.根據(jù)“It

became...among

local

people

soon.”可知空處需填入形容詞作表語(yǔ)，popular“受歡迎的”符合語(yǔ)境。故填popular。74.根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指牙刷的發(fā)明，故用invent的名詞形式invention。故填invention。75.have

a

good

habit

of表示“有一個(gè)……的好習(xí)慣”，為固定短語(yǔ)。故填habit。返回解題技能類型一12選10的短文填空一、初讀短文，審清題意(一)審單詞：

理解詞意，觀察并聯(lián)想所給的12個(gè)單詞將單詞的變形提到第一步就能避免思路的混亂，也會(huì)加深對(duì)單詞的理解，有助于在做題過程中更方便、迅速、準(zhǔn)確地選擇單詞。單詞要考慮時(shí)態(tài)變化、詞形變化(尤其注意動(dòng)詞的4變化：三單、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞)、相關(guān)短語(yǔ)、特別考點(diǎn)等。示例講解(以2023廣東中考為例)：it

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundred1.it→its→itself2.either→either...or...→否定句句末“也”3.be→4變化→可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、進(jìn)行時(shí)4.because→because＋句子→because

of5.what→疑問詞，“什么”→引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句6.else→“其他的”，放在疑問詞或不定代詞后7.by→各種用法→固定搭配8.invent→動(dòng)詞4變化→invention→inventions9.clean→動(dòng)詞4變化→形容詞，“干凈的”10.popular→more

popular→most

popular→be

popular

with11.habit→habits12.hundred→數(shù)字＋hundred→hundreds

ofit

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundred(二)審短文，觀察每個(gè)詞的左鄰右舍通讀全文，了解短文大意，通過上、下文的句子充分理解短文的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測(cè)全文時(shí)態(tài)、主題及大意。注意發(fā)現(xiàn)固定搭配關(guān)系，憑借語(yǔ)感積極主動(dòng)地猜測(cè)空格中所缺的信息，根據(jù)需要去備選詞匯中尋找匹配的答案，做好第一步的預(yù)測(cè)。二、復(fù)讀短文，確定語(yǔ)義，判斷詞形在選定單詞后，不要輕率地填入。在填詞過程中，需要“瞻前顧后”，既要符合本句的含義又要保證句式結(jié)構(gòu)的正確。1.詞性判斷通過空格前后的單詞來確定空格中應(yīng)填入什么詞性的單詞，從而縮小選擇范圍。要掌握詞性判斷法，首先就應(yīng)該在平常的單詞學(xué)習(xí)中注意留意單詞的詞性。其次是要知道詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。比如，rain，ice

等名詞怎么轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞；happy，ill

等形容詞怎么轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞等等。2.句意判斷通過詞性判斷縮小選擇范圍后，再結(jié)合意義在這個(gè)較小的范圍中選擇單詞。詞性判斷縮小范圍，句意判斷確定唯一答案。3.借助句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷通過對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析后，判斷空格部分缺什么成分，然后再結(jié)合句意進(jìn)行選擇。學(xué)會(huì)分析句子成分、基本句型和短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)很重要！三、細(xì)讀短文，上下參照，驗(yàn)證答案在短文的空白處分別填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考?？蓮纳舷挛膬?nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、邏輯是否通順、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等方面進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。類型二盲填形式的短文填空1.跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意通篇跨空直讀，忽略填空部分，通過短文原有詞匯的輔助，對(duì)短文進(jìn)行推測(cè)、想象和分析，通讀結(jié)束后使短文形成一個(gè)符合邏輯、意思完整的篇章。2.復(fù)讀短文，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，確定詞義在通讀的基礎(chǔ)上，以句子為單位，對(duì)需要填空的部分進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，考慮填詞的方向：一方面，在詞義上必須要和短文內(nèi)容相符；另一方面，在形式上必須要符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和習(xí)慣用法。3.周密分析，上下兼顧，確定詞性就所填入的單詞，從其詞性入手，考慮其詞形變化。4.依據(jù)搭配，遵循語(yǔ)法，確定答案返回專題精練(一)easy

mistake

only

before

suggest

travelcover

pain

though

stone

change

nothingLong

long

ago，people

always

walked

barefooted(光腳地).A

king

happened

to1.

far

into

the

countryside.He

was

greatly

troubled

because

there

were

lots

of

broken2.

on

the

road

and

they

hurt

his

feet

seriously.When

he

returned

to

his

palace，he

told

his

men

to3.

all

the

roads

with

cattle

hide(牛皮).He

hoped

walking

would

no

longer

be

a(n)4.

thing.But

even

if

all

cattle

in

the

country

were

killed，there

wouldn’t

be

enough

hide

to

get

the

work

done.travelstonescoverpainfuleasy

mistake

only

before

suggest

travelcover

pain

though

stone

change

nothingThey

could

do5.

but

shake

their

heads.At

this

time，a

clever

general

in

the

palace

made

a6.

，“My

king，why

don’t

you

take

an

easy

way?You

don’t

need

to

kill

so

many

cattle.You7.______cover

each

of

your

feet

with

a

piece

of

hide.”

The

king

was

surprised

and

pleased，and

he8.

his

mind

at

once

and

supported

the

plan.nothingsuggestiononlychangedeasy

mistake

only

before

suggest

travelcover

pain

though

stone

change

nothingThis

is

why

people

use

hide

to

make

shoes.9.

it

seems

strange，it

encourages

us

to

think.It

is

usually10.

to

change

oneself

than

to

change

the

world.Try

to

put

yourself

in

the

position

of

the

person

you

deal

with.Then

when

you

use

another

way

of

thinking，you

will

find

it

is

not

difficult

for

you

to

solve

the

problem.Thougheasier(二)them

surprise

because

take

put

by

little

have

join

care

life

soHow

does

the

tea

plant

grow?This

term，some

students

got

their

answers

in

the

school’s

rooftop(屋頂)garden.Many

schools

have

built

small

gardens

on

their

teaching

building’s

rooftop.Some

students

planted

tea

plants

there.While

taking1.

of

tea

plants，they

also

did

experiments

to

learn

more

about

tea.careHow

to

make

egg

soup

and

sandwiches?Some

students

learned

to

cook

in

an

after-school

cooking

club.To

parents’2.

，their

kids

could

cook

some

simple

dishes

in

a

short

time.surprisethem

surprise

because

take

put

by

little

have

join

care

life

sothem

surprise

because

take

put

by

little

have

join

care

life

soIn

the

past，Chinese

children

were

sometimes

busier

after

school3.________they

had

to

take

so

many

after-school

classes.Now，students

join

all

kinds

of

clubs.Why

do

students

have

free

time

to4.

up

their

hobbies?Because

China

has

introduced

the

double

reduction

policy.It

hopes

to

ease(減輕)students’learning

burden(負(fù)擔(dān))5.

reducing

homework

and

after-school

classes.becausetakebythem

surprise

because

take

put

by

little

have

join

care

life

soStudents’lives6.

changed

a

lot

since

the

policy

was

carried

out.On

the

one

hand，their

homework

is

clearly7.

than

before，and

they

aren’t

encouraged

to

buy

workbooks(練習(xí)冊(cè))any

more.Teenagers

have

more

chances

to

get

knowledge

from

the

real8.

.This

is

a

much

better

way

than

just

hitting

the

books.On

the

other

hand，students

spend

more

time9.

after-school

clubs.They

get

lots

of

life

skills

from

these

colorful

clubs

and

have

enough

time

to

relax

and

think

for10.

.It’s

believed

that

the

double

reduction

policy

makes

a

difference

to

students’lives.havelesslifejoiningthemselves(三)make

I

but

difficult

what

with

knife

trouble

how

speak

while

helpTwo

years

ago，I

got

a

job

in

a

Chinese-Canadian

company

in

Vancouver(溫哥華).One

day

my

new

boss

said

he

would

invite1.

to

lunch

to

celebrate

my

new

job

in

a

Chinese

restaurant.“A

Chinese

restaurant?Chopsticks?Oh，no!Will

I2.

a

lot

of

mistakes？”

I

thought.memakemake

I

but

difficult

what

with

knife

trouble

how

speak

while

helpThat

evening，I

spent

two

whole

hours

trying

to

learn

how

to

use

chopsticks3.

I

didn’t

succeed.I

called

my

penfriend

and

asked

her

for4.

.She

patiently

explained

the

proper

way

of

holding

them.“Louise，it’s

not

that5.

，”

she

said.“That’s

easy

for

you

to

say，”

I

replied.“You’ve

been

eating6.

chopsticks

all

your

life.It’s

natural

for

you！”buthelpdifficultwithmake

I

but

difficult

what

with

knife

trouble

how

speak

while

helpThe

next

day，when

my

boss

took

two

co-workers

and

me

to

the

restaurant，he7.

to

the

waiter

in

Chinese.My

heart

was

beating

fast.However，instead

of

chopsticks，we

all

had8.

，forks

and

spoons.I

didn’t

understand

at

first，but

then，it

hit

me.My

boss

knew

that

I

would

have9.

with

chopsticks.So

he

had

arranged

for

us

to

be

served

with

knives，forks

and

spoons.10.

kind

he

was!spokeknivestroubleHow(四)When

I

was

a

kid，my

dad

took

me

to

the

Olympics

and

we

saw

the400m

final.A

runner1.

Arthur

won

it

and

that

really

shocked

me.I

remembered

it

so

well.I

even

wrote

an

article

about2.

.I

was

never

good

enough

for

the

Olympics

myself,3.

I

tried

running.I

wanted

to4.

fit，and

liked

the

challenge.After27，I

began

to

play

tennis.At65，I

started

hurdling(跨欄)again.When

I

was71，I

won

the200m

hurdling5.

the

oldest

person.When

I

was80，I

broke

the

world

record.I

would

keep

doing

it

and

I

would

never

change6.

mind.Now

I’m89，but

I

still

do

a

couple

of

press-ups(俯臥撐)once7.

twice

a

week.called/nameditbutkeepasmyorTo

my

pleasure，my

family8.

together

in

our

nice

garden

every

day，like

running，dancing

and

jumping.We

live

a

healthy9.____because

we

have

good

living

habits.My

dream

is

to

run

the100m

at100—only10.

eleven

years

to

go—and

then

to

live

to120.No

matter

what

comes

my

way，I

will

keep

it.exerciselifeanother(五)One

day，five

people

were

waiting

for

an

interview

in

a

room

of

a

company.They

couldn’t

use

the

phone

or

the

Internet

inside

the

room,1.____they

could

do

whatever

they

liked.On

the

first

day,