化學(xué)專題百講之20-鈉及其化合物化學(xué)方程式教師版

鈉及其化合物化學(xué)方程式|高考【LAL10】與氧氣常溫反應(yīng)：______________________________________________熱：______________________________________________NaONaO2氯氣反應(yīng)：______________________________________________：Cl2+2Na=2NaClCl2＋2Na點(diǎn)燃2NaCl______________________________________________HH：____________________________________________________________________________________________*答案：2Na＋2C6H5OH=2C6H5ONa＋H2↑______________________________________________aHNaH______________________________________________NaCHCOOH22CH3COONa+H2↑案：鈉和硫酸銅溶液：______________________________________________CuSONaH2O=Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO4+H2↑CuOHNaH______________________________________________4Na+TiCl44NaCl+Ti硫研磨：______________________________________________2Na+SNa2S氣：______________________________________________H______________________________________________NaAlClHONaAlONaClH2↑AlOH______________________________________________答案：H2O+Na2O=2NaOH：______________________________________________答案：CO2+Na2O=Na2CO3______________________________________________答案：Na2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H2ONa2O+2H+=2Na++H2O______________________________________________2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑氧化鈉和二氧化碳：______________________________________________答案：2CO2+2Na2O2=2Na2CO3+O2過(guò)氧化鈉和足量的硫酸溶液反應(yīng)：______________________________________________答案：2Na2O2+2H2SO4=2Na2SO4+O2↑+2H2O20．碳酸鈉溶液呈現(xiàn)堿性______________________________________________答案：CO32－＋H2OHCO3－＋OH－21．碳酸鈉中加入少量鹽酸：______________________________________________答案：Na2CO3+HCl=NaCl+NaHCO3CO32-+H+=HCO3-22．碳酸鈉溶液中加入過(guò)量鹽酸：______________________________________________aCOHClNaClCOHOCOHCO↑+H2O______________________________________________案：Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=2NaOH+CaCO3↓Ca2++CO32-=CaCO3↓______________________________________________答案：Ba(OH)2+Na2CO3=2NaOH+BaCO3↓Ba2++CO32-=BaCO3↓______________________________________________：CaCl2+Na2CO3=2NaCl+CaCO3↓______________________________________________答案：BaCl2+Na2CO3=2NaCl+BaCO3↓______________________________________________答案：CO2+Na2CO3+H2O=2NaHCO3碳酸鈉溶液中加入足量的硫酸氫鈉溶液：______________________________________________答案：2NaHSO4+Na2CO3=2Na2SO4+CO2↑+H2O______________________________________________答案：CaSO4+Na2CO3=Na2SO4+CaCO3↓______________________________________________NaCOAlClHOAlOH↓+6NaCl+3CO2↑______________________________________________答案：Na2CO3+ROH=RONa+NaHCO3______________________________________________NaCOCHCOOH2CH3COONa+CO2↑+H2O______________________________________________答案：2CH3COOC2H5+Na2CO3+H2O△2CH3COONa+2CH3CH2OH+CO2↑34．碳酸氫鈉溶液呈現(xiàn)堿性______________________________________________答案：HCO3－＋H2OH2CO3＋OH－．碳酸氫鈉和鹽酸：______________________________________________ClCOHOHCOHCOHO36．碳酸氫鈉受熱分解：______________________________________________答案：2NaHCO3△Na2CO3＋CO2↑＋H2O碳酸氫鈉溶液和少量氫氧化鈣溶液反應(yīng)：______________________________________________答案：Ca(OH)2+2NaHCO3=2H2O+CaCO3↓+Na2CO3Ca2++2HCO3-+2OH-=2H2O+CaCO3↓+CO32-碳酸氫鈉溶液和過(guò)量氫氧化鈣溶液反應(yīng)：______________________________________________CaOHNaHCOHOCaCO+NaOHCa2++HCO3-+OH=H2O+CaCO3↓碳酸氫鈉溶液加入硫酸氫鈉溶液：______________________________________________NaHSO+NaHCO3=Na2SO4+CO2↑+H2OHHCOCOHO氫氧化鈉固體和碳酸氫鈉固體加熱：______________________________________________答案：NaHCO3＋NaOH△Na2CO3＋H2O碳酸氫鈉溶液和偏鋁酸鈉溶液反應(yīng)______________________________________________NaHCONaAlO+H2O=Al(OH)3↓+Na2CO3______________________________________________ClAlOHNaClCO______________________________________________NaHCOCHCOOHCHCOONaCO2↑+H2O______________________________________________答案：NH3+CO2+NaCl+H2O=NaHCO3+NH4Cl45．少量二氧化碳通入氫氧化鈉溶液中：______________________________________________答案：CO2+2NaOH(過(guò)量)=Na2CO3+H2OCO2+2OH-=CO32-+H2O46．過(guò)量二氧化碳通入氫氧化鈉溶液中：______________________________________________答案：CO2+NaOH=NaHCO3CO2+OH-=HCO3–47．少量二氧化硫通入氫氧化鈉溶液中______________________________________________答案：SO2+2NaOH(過(guò)量)=Na2SO3+H2OSO2+2OH-=SO32-+H2O48．過(guò)量二氧化硫通入氫氧化鈉溶液中______________________________________________答案：SO2+NaOH=NaHSO3SO2+OH-=HSO3–49．氫氧化鈉和碳酸氫鈉溶液反應(yīng)：______________________________________________答案：NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2OOH-+HCO3-=CO32-+H2O50．氫氧化鈉溶液和硫酸反應(yīng)______________________________________________答案：2NaOH+H2SO4=Na2SO4+2H2O51．氫氧化鈉溶液和鹽酸反應(yīng)______________________________________________案：NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O52．氫氧化鈉溶液和金屬鋁反應(yīng)______________________________________________AlNaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑53．氫氧化鈉溶液與氯氣反應(yīng)______________________________________________答案：2NaOH+Cl2=NaCl+NaClO+H2O54．氫氧化鈉溶液與乙酸反應(yīng)______________________________________________答案：NaOH+CH3COOH=CH3COONa+H2O55．氫氧化鈉溶液和苯酚反應(yīng)______________________________________________NaOHROHRONaH2O(R代表苯環(huán))56．氫氧化鈉溶液和溴乙烷反應(yīng)_____________________________