虛擬語氣學(xué)生版

虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMoodFunction（1）_________________________________（2）_________________________________Form非真實條件句條件句主句與過去事實相反Ifsb.______________sth.Sb.________________________________________sth.與現(xiàn)在事實相反Ifsb.______________sth.Sb.________________________________________sth.與將來事實相反Ifsb.______________sth.Ifsb.______________sth.Ifsb.______________sth.Sb.________________________________________sth.Sb.________________________________________sth.陳述句/祈使句。注意：條件句中有_____，____或____時，如果省略if，則需把_____，____或____放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoit.→WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoit.錯綜時間條件句當(dāng)從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，它們的形式要根據(jù)各自所發(fā)生的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。E.g.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldpasstheexamthistime．(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)含蓄虛擬語氣有時，假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表達，而是暗含在上下文中，由without，butfor，otherwise，or等來表達。E.g.Withoutelectricity,lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday．(介詞)Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded．(介詞短語)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting．(副詞)HetelephonedtoinformmeofyourplanorIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit．(連詞)從句中的虛擬語氣賓語從句A.用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中，Sb+v.+從句。常見的動詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，advise，request，urge，mand，remend等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。E.g.Theschoolremendsthatparentsnotpermittheirchildrentoswiminriversorlakesduringsummerholidays.同理：Itisdemanded/required/insisted/suggested...thatsb.(should)do提示：當(dāng)suggest作“表明”，insist作“堅持認為，堅持說”講時，從句要用陳述語氣。E.g.Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasveryangry.Heinsisted(that)heheardsomeoneinthenextroom.B.wish+賓語（規(guī)則如下）對過去情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋had＋過去分詞對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋動詞過去式(be動詞通常用were)對將來情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋would/could/might＋動詞原形C.wouldrather/wouldsooner后跟從句時用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿；但愿”。對過去的假設(shè)：wouldrathersb.haddone對現(xiàn)在、將來的假設(shè)：wouldrathersb.didE.g.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.2.主語從句在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/essential＋that從句”中，謂語動詞常用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。E.g.Itisimportantthateverymember(should)knowtheserules.固定搭配“Itis(about/high)time＋that從句”中，謂語動詞常用過去式或“should＋動詞原形(其中should不能省略)”。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該……”，用來表示建議。E.g.Itistimethatyoushouldgo/wenttoschool.2.ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。對過去情況的假設(shè)：ifonly＋主語＋had＋過去分詞對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：ifonly＋主語＋動詞過去式(be動詞通常用were)對將來情況的假設(shè)：ifonly＋主語＋would/could/might＋動詞原形E.g.Lookatthetroublewe’rein．Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice!3.asif，asthough表示“似乎”，引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣與過去事實相反：asif/asthoughsb.haddone與現(xiàn)在事實相反：asif/asthoughsb.did(be動詞用were)與將來事實相反：asif/asthoughsbwould/could/mightdo4.forfear(that)、incase意為“唯恐”，從句謂語動詞用“should/mightdo”.E.g.Iwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthat/incaseIshould/mightdisturbyou.PS：口語中，謂語動詞可以用陳述語氣。5.Ifitwerenotfor...,sb./sth.woulddo如果沒有……Ifithadnotbeenfor...,sb./sth.wouldhavedone如果當(dāng)時沒有E.g.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedthetasksoeasily.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedthetasksoeasily.Butfortherain,thecropsshould/woulddie.=Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropsshould/woulddie.6.表示強烈祝愿，用動詞原形。E.g.人民萬歲！Longlivethepeople!祝您旅途愉快！Haveagoodjourney!Multiplechoice.1.—Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.—It’stimeyou_______.A.do B.did C.had D.would2.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_______agoal.A.hadscored B.scored C.wouldscore D.wouldhavescored3.Ifonlyhe_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.lies B.lay C.hadlain D.shouldlie4.—Yoursisternearlydevotedallhersparetimetohercourseduringthethreeyears.—That’sright,orshe_______thefirstplaceinherschoolinthe2020CollegeEntranceExamination.A.wouldn’ttake B.wouldn’thavetakenC.hadn’ttaken D.couldn’ttake5.—I’msorryIspentsomuchmoney,Dad.—Iwishyou_______so.A.hadn’tdone B.didn’tdo C.haven’tdone D.wouldn’tdo6.Itseemsasifthesun_______roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A.circles B.iscircling C.werecircling D.hasbeencircling7.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we_______allright.A.wouldbe B.wouldhavebeen C.were D.maybe8.Iwouldhaveeearlier,butI_______thatyouwerewaitingforme.A.didn’tknow B.hadn’tknowC.wouldhaveknown D.haven’tknown9.Iadvisedthathe_______tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_______quitewellthen.A.besent;wasfeeling B.wassent;feltC.besent;feel D.shouldbesent;shouldfeel10.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_______twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.give B.shouldgive C.begiven D.wouldbegiven11.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI_______ittoyounow.A.willshow B.wouldshow C.amgoingtoshow D.amshowing

II.Fillingtheblanks.1.IfI________(know)herphonenumber,Iwouldcallherrightaway.2.IwishI________(be)tallersoIcouldreachthetopshelf.3.Thedoctorremendedthathe________(take)aweekofftorest.4.Ifshe________(be)morecareful,shewouldn'thavebrokenthevase.5.It'sessentialthathe________(attend)themeetingtomorrow.6.IfI________(be)you,Iwouldapologizetoher.7.IwishI________(know)howtoplaythepiano.8.Themitteesuggestedthatthenewpolicy________(be)implementedassoonaspossible.9.Ifthey________(arrive)ontime,theywouldhavecaughtthetrain.10.It'scrucialthatshe________(submit)thereportbytheendoftheday.11.IfI________(have)moremoney,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.12.IwishI________(kn