中考英語復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法

被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：be+done+by1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done例句：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.很多人說英語。ManypeoplespeakEnglish.speak說/演講[spi?k]—spoke[sp??k]—spoken[?sp??k?n]people人[?pi?p(?)l]many許多的+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)['meni]2.一般過去式：was/were+done例句：Theshirtwasmadebymymother.這件襯衫是我媽媽做的。Mymothermadetheshirt.make制作/使

[me?k]—made

[me?d]—madeshirt襯衫[???(r)t]3.一般將來時(shí)：willbedone/begoingtobedone例句：Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.下周將會(huì)舉辦運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.hold舉行/舉辦[h??ld]—held

[held]—heldsport運(yùn)動(dòng)[sp??(r)t]meeting會(huì)議[?mi?t??]nextweek下周[nekst][wi?k]4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+done例句：Thiskindofchocolatehasbeenmadeseveraltimes.這種巧克力已經(jīng)做了好多次了。Wehavemadethiskindofchocolateseveraltimes.kind種類/善良的[ka?nd]chocolate巧克力

[?t??kl?t]several幾個(gè)/數(shù)個(gè)/大量的

[?sev(?)r?l]+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)time時(shí)間/次數(shù)[ta?m]5.過去將來時(shí)：wouldbe+過去分詞例句：Shelittlethoughtshewouldberewarded.她一點(diǎn)沒想到她會(huì)受到酬謝。Shelittlethoughthewouldrewardher.little['l?t(?)l](表示否定adv)think認(rèn)為/考慮[θ??k]—thought[θ??t]—thoughtreward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)/獎(jiǎng)賞

[r??w??(r)d]6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+過去分詞例句：Theroadisbeingrepaired.路正在修整。Wearerepairingtheroad.road道路[r??d]repair修理

[r??pe?(r)]7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was(were)being+過去分詞例句：Theroadwasbeingrepairedatsevenyesterday.昨天七點(diǎn)正在修路。Wewererepairingtheroadatsevenyesterday.seven['sev(?)n]yesterday昨天[?jest?(r)de?]8.過去完成時(shí)：hadbeen+過去分詞例句：Thenextmorning,hefoundthatthedoorshadbeenblockedbychairsandthefurniturehadbeenmoved.第二天早晨，他發(fā)現(xiàn)門都被椅子堵塞起來了，而且家具都搬動(dòng)過了。find發(fā)現(xiàn)—found—founddoor門[d??(r)]block（n/v）阻塞/阻礙

[bl?k]chair椅子[t?e?(r)]furniture家具

[?f??(r)n?t??(r)]move移動(dòng)[mu?v]9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done例句：Theyoungtreesmustbetakengoodcareof.這些小樹必須被好好照料。young年輕的

[j??]tree樹

[tri?]must肯定[m?st]takecareof=carefor照顧/照看care（n/v）照顧/照看/關(guān)心/在意

[ke?(r)]情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can能夠---couldmay可能---mightshall應(yīng)該---shouldwill將要---wouldmust必須oughtto應(yīng)該主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的方法：Myfriendinvitedmetoherparty.invite邀請(qǐng)[??nva?t]party派對(duì)

[?pɑ?(r)ti]Iwasinvited(bymyfriend)toherparty.(被動(dòng))invitesbtodosth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事助記口訣：賓變主，主變賓，be后過分來使用。（bedone）使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況（1）不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰RiceisusuallygrowninthesouthofChina.rice米/米飯

[ra?s]usually[?ju????li]水稻通常種植在中國(guó)南方。grow成長(zhǎng)/長(zhǎng)大

[ɡr??]—grew[gru:]—grown[ɡr??n]south南方

[sa?θ]（2）沒有必要指出動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者Itisnotsomethingthatcannotbedealtwith.它不是不能被處理的東西deal解決

[di?l]—dealt

[di?lt]—dealtdealwith解決something一些東西/事情

['s?mθ??]（3）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)和突出動(dòng)作的承受者Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedtoday.你們的家庭作業(yè)今天必須完成。finish完成['f?n??]today今天

[t?'de?]（4）動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是物Manyhousesinthevillagewerewashedawaybytheflood.鄉(xiāng)村的許多房屋被洪水沖走了。village鄉(xiāng)村['v?l?d?]wash[w??]away沖走flood洪水

[fl?d]主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)的情況(1)open

[???p?n]打開,lock[l?k]鎖住,write[ra?t]寫,read讀,sell售賣/出售等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語為物，可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。?Thiskindofshirtsellswellatthistime.sell出售/售賣

[sel]—sold[s?uld]—sold在這個(gè)時(shí)候這種襯衫賣得很好。(2)look看/看起來，sound聽起來，taste嘗起來，smell聞起來等連系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。?Lightmusicsoundssoftandrelaxing.輕音樂聽起來很柔和，而且令人放松。light[la?t]明亮的/輕的（n）光線/燈（v）點(diǎn)亮music音樂[?mju?z?k]sound[sa?nd]soft軟的/柔軟的

[s?ft]relax放松[r?'l?ks](3)beworthdoing值得做某事用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。?LiuCixin'snewbookisworth[w??(r)θ]reading.劉慈欣的新書值得一讀。(4)sth.wants/needs/requires需要[r??kwa??(r)]doing相當(dāng)于sth.wants/needs/requirestobedone。tobedone為不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。?Hisbikeneedsrepairing.=Hisbikeneedstoberepaired.他的自行車需要修理。習(xí)題1.Athiefstolemywallet.小偷偷了我的錢包。(主動(dòng)語態(tài))主語：謂語：賓語：thief[θi?f]steal

[sti?l]—stole[st??l]—stolen

[?st??l?n]（v./n.）偷，偷竊改寫句子：我的錢包被小偷偷了。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))2.Whatistheflower[?fla??(r)]（call稱作，叫做

[k??l]）?這花什么名字?3.Englishinmostschools.大多數(shù)學(xué)校都教英語。teach

[ti?t?]教—taught[t?:t]—taughtmost

[m??st]大多數(shù)的4.He(give)everychancetogetthepost.他得到一切可能的機(jī)會(huì)去獲得個(gè)職位give

給/給予[ɡ?v]—gave[ɡe?v]--given['ɡ?v(?)n]every['evri]chance機(jī)會(huì)[t?ɑ?ns]get得到/獲得—got—gottenpost[p??st]（v）郵寄/張貼（n）職位5.Whenshe(ask)whyshewasabsentfortheparty,noanswerwasforthcoming.當(dāng)問到她為什么沒來參加晚會(huì)時(shí)，她不作任何回答.ask問/詢問[ɑ?sk]absent[??bs(?)nt]缺席的party聚會(huì)/晚會(huì)answer回答[?ɑ?ns?(r)]forthcoming

[f??(r)θ?k?m??]即將來臨的，即將發(fā)生的6.ThisisachancethatI（choose）fortheteam.有可能我被選拔到隊(duì)里choose[t?u?z]—chose[t???z]—chosen

[?t???z(?)n]選擇team隊(duì)

[ti?m]7.Asacitizen,youmustobeythelaworyou（punish）.作為一個(gè)公民，你必須遵守法律，否則你將會(huì)受到懲罰。citizen公民['s?t?z(?)n]obey[??be?]thelaw[l??]遵守法律8.Ithinkwe（follow）.我想我們被人跟蹤了。賓語從句think認(rèn)為

[θ??k]—thought[θ??t]—thoughtfollow跟蹤/跟隨/遵守

[?f?l??]9.Enough（say）onthistopic.關(guān)于這個(gè)題目說得已夠多的了。say說—said—saidenough[?'n?f]足夠的/足夠的…topic主題

[?t?p?k]10.Ourschool（give）somenewequipment.我們學(xué)校有了一些贈(zèng)送的新設(shè)備give

給/給予[ɡ?v]—gave[ɡe?v]--given['ɡ?v(?)n]some一些

[s?m]new新的[nju?]equipment設(shè)備/裝備[?‘kwipm?nt]11.Thearticlemust（write）byawoman.這篇文章一定是一個(gè)女子寫的。woman女人['w?m?n]article文章[?ɑ?(r)t?k(?)l]write寫

[ra?t]—wrote[r?ut]—written['r?t(?)n]12.Theyshouldhave（give）morebookstoread.本應(yīng)多給他們一些書讀的。more更多的

[m??(r)]book[b?k]read讀[ri