山西省太原市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)診斷英語試題(解析版)

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省太原市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)診斷英語試題第I卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAsanalternativetogoingstraightfromhighschooltocollege,manyyoungadultsaretakingagapyearasachancetotravel,volunteerorexplorenewskills.We’veroundedupaselectionofsomeofthetopgapyearprograms,whichwillhelpyougetstartedsearchingforyourperfectpost-graduationexperience.TheLeapAsaUK-basedorganization,itoffersvolunteertraveloptionsinbothgroup-structuredandindependentplans.TheLeapcreatesamazinghands-onopportunitiestotravelwhileworkingonsustainabilityprojects,suchasrepairingcoralreefsinSouthAfricaorconservationeffortsonthebeachesandforestsinCostaRica.Theorganizationisresponsibleforhalftuitioncosts.WorkawayWorkawayencouragesculturalexchangethroughwork,fromworkingonafarminBritishColumbiatoteachingarttochildreninPeru.Livingexpenseswillbeprovidedaslongasyoungadultsworkthere.Thiscanbeagoodoptiontogainsomenewskillsandseetheworldforfree.HabitatforHumanity(HFH)Thisnonprofitorganizationoffersfull-yearservicepositionsatlocalhabitatorganizationsacrosstheUS.Inthisprogram,participantscanlearnanddevelopnewskillswhileservingacriticalroleinhelpingHFHbuild,createorimprovehomesforthoseinneed.Thereisasmalllivingallowanceforthosewhoqualify.WhereThereBeDragons(WTBD)WTBDhassomeofthemostin-depthforeigntravelprogramsavailable.Itofferspoliticalscience,history,sustainability,economicsandlanguageimmersioninremotelocalsaswellasthoseclosertohome.WTBDofferscollegecreditsaspartoftheirprograms.Thisprogramisoneofthemostexpensiveoptions,butfinancialaidisavailable.1.WhatdoestheprogramofTheLeapfocuson?A.Culturalexchange. B.Handicraft-making.C.Individualplanning. D.Environmentalprojects.2.Whatdothesefourprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyoperateingroups. B.Theyoffercollegecredits.C.Theyprovidefinancialaid. D.TheyareconductedintheUK.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Travelenthusiasts. B.Highschoolgraduates.C.Charityorganizers. D.Collegeteachers.【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹了關(guān)于“間隔年”的幾個頂級項目，旨在為即將畢業(yè)的高中生或大學(xué)生提供一種替代直接升學(xué)的選擇。〖答案〗1.D2.C3.B【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題TheLeap下的“TheLeapcreatesamazinghands-onopportunitiestotravelwhileworkingonsustainabilityprojects,suchasrepairingcoralreefsinSouthAfricaorconservationeffortsonthebeachesandforestsinCostaRica.(Leap為從事可持續(xù)發(fā)展項目提供了令人驚嘆的實踐機(jī)會，例如修復(fù)南非的珊瑚礁或哥斯達(dá)黎加的海灘和森林保護(hù)工作)”可知，Leap計劃的重點(diǎn)是環(huán)境項目。故選D項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題TheLeap下的“Theorganizationisresponsibleforhalftuitioncosts.(該組織承擔(dān)一半的學(xué)費(fèi))”；根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Workaway下的“Thiscanbeagoodoptiontogainsomenewskillsandseetheworldforfree.(這是一個很好的選擇，可以獲得一些新技能，并免費(fèi)看看世界)”；根據(jù)小標(biāo)題HabitatforHumanity(HFH)下的“Thereisasmalllivingallowanceforthosewhoqualify.(有資格的人有少量的生活津貼)”以及小標(biāo)題WhereThereBeDragons(WTBD)下的“Thisprogramisoneofthemostexpensiveoptions,butfinancialaidisavailable.(這個項目是最昂貴的選擇之一，但可以獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)援助)”可知，這四個項目的共同點(diǎn)是他們提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。故選C項。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Asanalternativetogoingstraightfromhighschooltocollege,manyyoungadultsaretakingagapyearasachancetotravel,volunteerorexplorenewskills.We’veroundedupaselectionofsomeofthetopgapyearprograms,whichwillhelpyougetstartedsearchingforyourperfectpost-graduationexperience.(作為從高中直接進(jìn)入大學(xué)的另一種選擇，許多年輕人利用間隔年作為旅行、做志愿者或探索新技能的機(jī)會。我們收集了一些頂級的間隔年項目，這將幫助你開始尋找你完美的畢業(yè)后經(jīng)歷)”可知，本文是為即將畢業(yè)的高中生提供一種替代直接升學(xué)的選擇。故選B項。BTakinganend-of-seasonbreaksoundssimple,right?Youmaythinkacarefreeweekspentonabeachiswhat’smostdesired.Butactuallymostathleteswouldspendhourstryingtoconvincetheircoachesthattheyreallydon'tneedtorestatall,subsequentlyfillingupalloftheirgiventimewithasmanyreplacementactivitiesaspossible.ThisyearIwasgivenaweek’sholidaybymycoachtoenjoyabsoluterelaxation.ForthefirstthreedaysIremainedhappilywrappedupinthesatisfactionofmylastraceresult,embracingpajamadays,takingallmorningjusttohavebreakfastandusingmysparetimetosocializemorethanIusuallydo.Iwasenjoyingit,andyet···Allthisrestingmademefeelrestless.ThencameThursday.Ilacedupmyshoesandheadedbacktothetrack.Thesimplepartofrestingisthephysicalactofit,butgiventhatIusuallytrainwithfocusandtension,learningtocheckoutmentallydoesn’talwayscomenaturallyafteraseason,especiallywhenI’monholiday.Afteraseasonwithgoodresults,somewell-meaningpeopleexcitedlyask“What'snext?”ItcanwanderinmymindandraisedoubtoverwhatIshouldbedoingaccordingtootherpeople’sopinions.InthiscaseItalkedtosomeexperiencedathletesandraisedmyconcern,oneofwhomsuggestedestablishingageneraloutlineofthenextseason’sgoalspriortoholidays.Ifindithelpful,notonlypreventingmefromfeelingrushedtogetbackintoworkoutstoosoonandgivingasenseofpurposetotherestitself,butalsoensuringthatIwillnotspendmybreakmakingplansbutallowmymindtoresttoo.Weallfearlosingthefitnessandtheachievementsthatweworkedsohardtogain,butinreality,takingtheappropriaterestandknowinghowtotakeitisahelp.Here’shopingthatI’llgetthebalancenextyear.ButifIdidn’t,atleastIwouldenjoymyself.4.Whatdomostathletesdoduringaholidayafteraseason?A.Negotiatewithcoaches. B.Doalternativeworkouts.C.Enjoyabsoluterelaxation. D.Traveltoaseasidedestination.5.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor’sholidayfromparagraph2?A.Itwascarefullyarranged. B.Itfollowedthecoach’splan.C.Itwasendedaheadofschedule. D.Itwasinterruptedbyunexpectedtasks.6.Whatistheauthor’srealneedduringthebreaktime?A.Mindrest. B.Physicalrecovery.C.Timemanagement. D.Professionalguidance.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SecretstoWinningonTracks B.PlansforNextSeason’sTrainingC.End-of-seasonBreak:ANewBeginning D.FromLegstoBrain:TrueRelaxationforAthletes【語篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要討論了運(yùn)動員在賽季結(jié)束后如何休息的話題，作者通過自己的經(jīng)歷和與其他運(yùn)動員的交流，提出了對于如何正確休息的看法和建議。〖答案〗4.B5.C6.A7.D【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butactuallymostathleteswouldspendhourstryingtoconvincetheircoachesthattheyreallydon'tneedtorestatall,subsequentlyfillingupalloftheirgiventimewithasmanyreplacementactivitiesaspossible.(但實際上，大多數(shù)運(yùn)動員會花幾個小時試圖說服他們的教練，他們真的根本不需要休息，然后用盡可能多的替代活動填滿他們所有的時間)”可知，大多數(shù)運(yùn)動員在賽季結(jié)束后的假期都做一些另類的鍛煉。故選B項。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThisyearIwasgivenaweek’sholidaybymycoachtoenjoyabsoluterelaxation.ForthefirstthreedaysIremainedhappilywrappedupinthesatisfactionofmylastraceresult,embracingpajamadays,takingallmorningjusttohavebreakfastandusingmysparetimetosocializemorethanIusuallydo.Iwasenjoyingit,andyet···Allthisrestingmademefeelrestless.ThencameThursday.Ilacedupmyshoesandheadedbacktothetrack.(今年教練給了我一周的假期，讓我好好放松一下。前三天，我一直沉浸在對最后一場比賽成績的滿意中，享受著穿著睡衣的日子，整個上午只吃早餐，利用業(yè)余時間比平時更多地參加社交活動。我很享受，但這一切讓我感到不安。然后到了星期四。我系好鞋帶，回到跑道上)”可推知，作者有一周的假期，但是在第四天他開始訓(xùn)練，所以是假期提前結(jié)束了。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thesimplepartofrestingisthephysicalactofit,butgiventhatIusuallytrainwithfocusandtension,learningtocheckoutmentallydoesn’talwayscomenaturallyafteraseason,especiallywhenI’monholiday.(休息最簡單的部分是身體上的休息，但考慮到我通常都是集中精力和緊張地訓(xùn)練，在一個賽季之后，學(xué)會在精神上檢查并不總是自然而然的，尤其是在我度假的時候)”可推知，作者在休息時間的真正需要是心靈休息。故選A項?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Takinganend-of-seasonbreaksoundssimple,right?Youmaythinkacarefreeweekspentonabeachiswhat’smostdesired.(賽季結(jié)束休息一段時間聽起來很簡單，對吧?你可能認(rèn)為在海灘上無憂無慮地度過一周是最理想的)”以及最后一段“Weallfearlosingthefitnessandtheachievementsthatweworkedsohardtogain,butinreality,takingtheappropriaterestandknowinghowtotakeitisahelp.Here’shopingthatI’llgetthebalancenextyear.ButifIdidn’t,atleastIwouldenjoymyself.(我們都害怕失去我們努力獲得的健康和成就，但實際上，適當(dāng)?shù)男菹⒑椭廊绾涡菹⑹怯袔椭摹Ｎ蚁Ｍ髂晡夷苣玫接囝~。但就算我不喜歡，至少我也會玩得很開心)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了如何正確休息，所以D項“FromLegstoBrain:TrueRelaxationforAthletes(從腿到腦:運(yùn)動員真正的放松)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項。CThefirstwordonanancientRomanscrollcarbonizedbyMountVesuvius’eruptionin79C.E.hasrecentlybeendecoded,openingthedoortoeventuallydecodingtherestofthetextswhichhaven'tbeenreadinthepast2,000years.Thescroll,alongwithsome800scrollsunearthedintheancientRomancityofHerculaneum,looksmorelikeaburntlog.It’ssofragile(易碎的)thatitwouldfallapartifresearcherstriedtounrollit.Earlyattemptstounrollandreaditcausedirreversible(不可逆的)damageandnosuchattemptshavebeenmadesincethe19thcentury.BrentSeales,acomputerscientistfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasbeenperfectingCTscantechnologytoseewhat’sinsidethescrollswithoutactuallytouchingthem,aprocesshecalls“virtualunwrapping”.Becausecommonlytheinkcontainsmetal,itcanbeseenonSeales’CTscans.Unfortunately,theHerculaneumscrollswerewrittenincarbon-basedinkmadefromcharcoal(木炭)andwater.WhenSealesscannedthem,nothingappearedtothenakedeye.Earlierthisyear,Seales’teamlaunched“theVesuviusChallenge”,encouragingpeopletouseAItofurtherexploreresearchers’scans.InearlyAugust,acontestantcalledCaseyHandmergotarewardof$10,000forbeing“thefirstpersontofindsubstantial,convincingevidenceofinkwithintheunopenedscrolls.”Asafollow-up,a21-year-oldcomputersciencestudentLukeFarritordrewinspirationfromhisdiscoveryandcreatedamachine-learningalgorithm(算法)thatidentifiedtenclearlettersspelledastheEnglishword“purple”,markingthefirstdiveintoanunopenedancientbook.Thesediscoveriesarecriticalstepstowarddecodingtheremainingunopenedscrolls.“Some95percentofthematerialfromthisimportantphilosophicalperiodsofhumanityarelost,”saysRobertFowler,aclassicistattheUniversityofBristol.“Recoveringthemwouldtransformourknowledgeoftheancientworldinwayswecanhardlyimagine.TheimpactcouldbeasgreatastherediscoveryofmanuscriptsduringtheRenaissance,”headds.8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethereasonwhythescrollhasbecomefragile?A.Itwasmadeofaburntlog. B.Itwasunearthed200yearsago.C.Itwasunrolledbysomeresearchers. D.Itwascarbonizedbyavolcaniceruption.9.WhywereSeales’scansunabletoreadHerculaneumscrolls?A.Becausethescrollswerewetwithwater.B.Becausethecarbon-basedinkdirtiedthescrolls.C.Becausethewritingmaterialcontainednometal.D.Becausevirtualwrappersweretouchedbyhands.10.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph4?A.Theinfluenceoftheresearch. B.Thefurtherplanstounrollthescrolls.C.Thereasonforlaunchingtheprogram. D.TheprocessofdecodingthetextwithAI.11.WhatdoesRobertFowlerthinkofthesediscoveries?A.Imaginary. B.Groundbreaking. C.Conventional. D.Unidentifiable.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。介紹了關(guān)于古羅馬卷軸的一項科技進(jìn)展，即使用CT掃描技術(shù)和人工智能來解碼被碳化且易碎的卷軸上的文字，這些卷軸由于太過脆弱而不能被直接展開閱讀?！即鸢浮?.D9.C10.D11.B【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThefirstwordonanancientRomanscrollcarbonizedbyMountVesuvius’eruptionin79C.E.hasrecentlybeendecoded,openingthedoortoeventuallydecodingtherestofthetextswhichhaven'tbeenreadinthepast2,000years.(一份由公元79年維蘇威火山噴發(fā)而碳化的古羅馬卷軸上的第一個字最近被破譯，這為最終破譯在過去2000年里沒有人讀過的其他文本打開了大門)”以及第二段“Thescroll,alongwithsome800scrollsunearthedintheancientRomancityofHerculaneum,looksmorelikeaburntlog.It’ssofragile(易碎的)thatitwouldfallapartifresearcherstriedtounrollit.(與古羅馬城市赫庫蘭尼姆出土的約800卷卷軸一起，這卷卷軸看起來更像是一根燒焦的木頭。它非常脆弱，如果研究人員試圖展開它，它就會分崩離析)”可知，它被火山噴發(fā)碳化了是卷軸變得易碎的原因。故選D項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Becausecommonlytheinkcontainsmetal,itcanbeseenonSeales’CTscans.Unfortunately,theHerculaneumscrollswerewrittenincarbon-basedinkmadefromcharcoal(木炭)andwater.WhenSealesscannedthem,nothingappearedtothenakedeye.(由于墨水通常含有金屬，因此可以在Seales的CT掃描中看到。不幸的是，赫庫蘭尼姆卷軸是用木炭和水制成的碳基墨水書寫的。當(dāng)西爾斯掃描它們時，肉眼看不到任何東西)”可知，因為書寫材料不含金屬，所以Seales的掃描無法讀取赫庫蘭尼姆卷軸。故選C項?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Earlierthisyear,Seales’teamlaunched“theVesuviusChallenge”,encouragingpeopletouseAItofurtherexploreresearchers’scans.InearlyAugust,acontestantcalledCaseyHandmergotarewardof$10,000forbeing“thefirstpersontofindsubstantial,convincingevidenceofinkwithintheunopenedscrolls.”Asafollow-up,a21-year-oldcomputersciencestudentLukeFarritordrewinspirationfromhisdiscoveryandcreatedamachine-learningalgorithm(算法)thatidentifiedtenclearlettersspelledastheEnglishword“purple”,markingthefirstdiveintoanunopenedancientbook.(今年早些時候，西爾斯的團(tuán)隊發(fā)起了“維蘇威火山挑戰(zhàn)”，鼓勵人們使用人工智能來進(jìn)一步探索研究人員的掃描。8月初，一位名叫CaseyHandmer的參賽者獲得了1萬美元的獎勵，因為他是“第一個在未打開的卷軸中找到大量令人信服的墨水證據(jù)的人”。隨后，21歲的計算機(jī)科學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生LukeFarritor從他的發(fā)現(xiàn)中獲得靈感，創(chuàng)建了一個機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法，該算法識別了拼寫為英文單詞“purple”的十個清晰字母，這標(biāo)志著人們第一次深入研讀未開封的古書)”可知，本段主要講述了用人工智能解碼文本的過程。故選D項。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesediscoveriesarecriticalstepstowarddecodingtheremainingunopenedscrolls.“Some95percentofthematerialfromthisimportantphilosophicalperiodsofhumanityislost,”saysRobertFowler,aclassicistattheUniversityofBristol.“Recoveringthemwouldtransformourknowledgeoftheancientworldinwayswecanhardlyimagine.TheimpactcouldbeasgreatastherediscoveryofmanuscriptsduringtheRenaissance,”headds.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是破譯剩余未打開卷軸的關(guān)鍵一步。布里斯托爾大學(xué)的古典學(xué)家羅伯特·福勒說：“人類這一重要哲學(xué)時期95%的材料都遺失了?！薄盎謴?fù)它們將以我們難以想象的方式改變我們對古代世界的認(rèn)識。其影響可能與文藝復(fù)興時期手稿的重新發(fā)現(xiàn)一樣大，”他補(bǔ)充道)”可知，羅伯特·福勒認(rèn)為這些發(fā)現(xiàn)改變我們對古代世界的認(rèn)識。其影響可能與文藝復(fù)興時期手稿的重新發(fā)現(xiàn)一樣大，所以是開創(chuàng)性的。故選B項。DHumanshavemovedspeciesofplantsandanimalsaround,introducingthemtonewhabitats,foraslongaswe’vebeenonEarth.Manyoftheseintroducedspecieshavebeenbeneficial,suchasEuropeanhoneybeesthathaveprovedtobeexcellentpollinators(傳粉者)intheUS.Butthat’snotthecaseforEuropeanbeachgrassintroducedtosanddunes(堆)onthecoastofCalifornia.Beachgrasswasplantedtostabilizetheever-shiftingdunesanditworkedwell.Butthebeachgrassisusuallytheonlyspecieslivingonduneswherethereoncewerealargevarietyofnativegrassesandwildflowers.It’struethatnotallnon-nativespeciesbecomeinvasive,butthosethatdoadapttothelocalenvironment,spreadrapidlyandoutcompetenativewildlife,oftenduetotheabsenceofnaturalenemiesthatcankeeptheirpopulationincheck.ThespreadofinvasivespeciesleadstotheextinctionandbiodiversitylossonEarth,causingfinancialandecologicaldamage,accordingtotheleadingscientists.Somecampaignshavebeenlaunchedtoeradicateinvasivespecies,includingpesticidesspray,manualremovalandbiologicalcontrols.Interestingly,agrowingnumberofchefsandconservationistsevenhaveafarsimpleridea:Eatthemtobeatthem.Apartfromprovidingfavorablehabitatsforlocalspecies,perhapsthebestwaytofightinvasivespeciesistopreventthemfromoccurringinthefirstplace.Whenboating,cleantheboatthoroughlybeforetransportingittoadifferentbodyofwater.Don’t“packapest”whentravelling,forfruitandvegetables,plants,insectsandanimalscancarrypestsorbecomeinvasivethemselves.Ifyouplantoownanalienpet,doyourresearchandplanaheadtomakesureyoucancommittolookingafteritinsteadofreleasingitintothewild.Whenyoutransferanorganism,youcanalsotransferitsneighbors.Thinkbeforeyoumoveananimalorplantaround!12.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeinparagraph1?A.Introducedspeciesmaycauseunexpectedresults.B.Thebeachgrassledtothebiodiversityonthedunes.C.Humanshavealonghistoryofworkingwithnature.D.ThehoneybeeswereforcedoutofEuropebyhumans.13.Whathelpsnon-nativespeciesspreadquickly?A.Thebalancedecosystem. B.Thecompetitivenativewildlife.C.Theabsenceofnaturalenemies. D.Theextinctionofinvasivespecies.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eradicate”inparagraph3mean?A.Increase. B.Introduce. C.Wipeout. D.Takeover.15.Whatcanpeopledotosolvetheproblemofinvasivespecies?A.Releaseorganismsintothewild. B.Providefavorablehabitatsforthem.C.Mindtheactsoftransferringspecies. D.Keepthewildlifepopulationincheck.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。入侵物種有時會帶來意料之外的后果，給當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)等都帶來很大損失，人們嘗試采取了各種各樣的措施，而作者認(rèn)為最好的辦法就是從一開始就阻止物種入侵的發(fā)生?！即鸢浮?2.A13.C14.C15.C【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句“Manyoftheseintroducedspecieshavebeenbeneficial,suchasEuropeanhoneybeesthathaveprovedtobeexcellentpollinators(傳粉者)intheUS.Butthat’snotthecaseforEuropeanbeachgrassintroducedtosanddunes(堆)onthecoastofCalifornia.(這些引進(jìn)的物種中有許多是有益的，例如歐洲蜜蜂已被證明是美國優(yōu)秀的傳粉者。但歐洲的沙灘草被引入加州海岸的沙丘時，情況就不同了。)”可知，第一段中描述了引進(jìn)的物種可能會造成意想不到的結(jié)果的現(xiàn)象。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“It’struethatnotallnon-nativespeciesbecomeinvasive,butthosethatdoadapttothelocalenvironment,spreadrapidlyandoutcompetenativewildlife,oftenduetotheabsenceofnaturalenemiesthatcankeeptheirpopulationincheck.(的確，并不是所有的非本地物種都會成為入侵物種，但那些適應(yīng)了當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的物種，傳播迅速，比本地野生動物更具競爭力，這往往是由于缺乏可以控制其數(shù)量的天敵。)”可知，天敵的缺失助長了非本地物種的快速擴(kuò)散。故選C。【14題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“includingpesticidesspray,manualremovalandbiologicalcontrols(包括噴灑農(nóng)藥、人工清除和生物防治)”可知，此處是指消除入侵物種，所以eradicate意為“消除”。故選C。【15題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Apartfromprovidingfavorablehabitatsforlocalspecies,perhapsthebestwaytofightinvasivespeciesistopreventthemfromoccurringinthefirstplace.(除了為本地物種提供有利的棲息地外，也許對抗入侵物種的最好方法是從一開始就阻止它們的發(fā)生。)”以及“Whenyoutransferanorganism,youcanalsotransferitsneighbors.Thinkbeforeyoumoveananimalorplantaround!”（當(dāng)你轉(zhuǎn)移一個有機(jī)體時，你也可以轉(zhuǎn)移它的鄰居。在你移動動物或植物之前先想一想!）可知，人們可以通過注意物種轉(zhuǎn)移的行為來解決入侵物種的問題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多選項?！即鸢浮綄懺诖痤}卡上。Beingminimalistisaboutintentionallyreducingyourpossessionstotheitemsyouvaluemostandincreasingtheamountoftimeyouspendonthepeopleandactivitiesyoutrulyenjoy.Itcantakemanyforms.______16______.Thiswayyoucanoptimize(優(yōu)化)yourlifetowardsideal.TryclearingawayyourpossessionsIfyouthinkhard,youwillrealizethatthephysicalthingsyouownarenotthemostimportantpartsofyourlife.Intiscaseyoucanclearawayallbutthemostessentialthingsinsweeps.Focusonkeepingthingsthatyouvaluedeeply._____17_____.Takeafewweekstolivewithoutthosethings.Atthesametime,noticeifthethingsyou'vekeptareservingyou._____18_____.Youmusthavemanyfriends,buthowmanyofthemarepeoplewhomotivateandinspireyoutogrowandlearn?Becomingminimalistmeansthatyouevaluatehowwelltheyfitintoyourideallifeandmaximizingyoursocialtimespentonpeoplewholiftyouup.Thenyoucanalsofreeupmoretimetospendonotherprioritiesinlife._____19_____.TaketimeforintrospectionIntrospection,whichmeansyousittingwithyourownthoughts,iswhatpeopleareterrifiedofinso“busy”aworld._____20_____.Youcanputyourphoneonsilent,turnofftheTVandblockoutdistractionsandjustsitwithyourthoughts.Youwillcomefacetofacewithsomeuncomfortabletruths.Butpushingthroughtotheothersideiswherethemagichappens.Eventhougheveryoneembracesminimalismdifferently,eachpathleadstothesameplace:amoremeaningfullifewithmoretimeandmorefreedom.Hopefullyyouwillgetthere.A.HavelesspossessionstoenjoymoreB.Anyway,youshouldmakespacetothinkC.PeopleareeagerforanotherwayoflivingD.ConsideryourlifestylearoundrelationshipsE.Getridofthingsthatyoudon'tneedanylongerF.It’sworthfocusingyourtimeonpeoplethatmatterG.Theimportantpartistofigureoutyourflavorofminimalism【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要探討了極簡主義的概念和實踐方法，并鼓勵讀者通過減少物質(zhì)擁有和優(yōu)化人際關(guān)系來追求更有意義的生活?！即鸢浮?6.G17.E18.D19.F20.B【16題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Itcantakemanyforms.(它可以有多種形式)”以及后文“Thiswayyoucanoptimize(優(yōu)化)yourlifetowardsideal.(這樣你就可以朝著理想的方向優(yōu)化你的生活)”可知，空處應(yīng)是一個過渡句，由很多方式過渡到開始優(yōu)化你的生活，所以G項“Theimportantpartistofigureoutyourflavorofminimalism(重要的是找出你的極簡主義風(fēng)格)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故選G項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Focusonkeepingthingsthatyouvaluedeeply.(專注于你所珍視的東西)”以及后文“Takeafewweekstolivewithoutthosethings.(花幾周的時間，遠(yuǎn)離這些東西)”可知，空處應(yīng)是一個過渡句，專注于你所珍視的東西到遠(yuǎn)離一些東西，所以E項“Getridofthingsthatyoudon'tneedanylonger(扔掉你不再需要的東西)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故選E項?！?8題詳析】分析設(shè)空，為本段的小標(biāo)題，是對本段的高度概括，根據(jù)后文“Youmusthavemanyfriends,buthowmanyofthemarepeoplewhomotivateandinspireyoutogrowandlearn?Becomingminimalistmeansthatyouevaluatehowwelltheyfitintoyourideallifeandmaximizingyoursocialtimespentonpeoplewholiftyouup.(你一定有很多朋友，但其中有多少人能激勵你成長和學(xué)習(xí)呢？成為極簡主義者意味著你要評估他們是否適合你的理想生活，并將你的社交時間最大化地花在那些能激勵你的人身上)”可知，本段主要講述了評估你的朋友是否適合你的理想生活，所以D項“Consideryourlifestylearoundrelationships(想想你的人際關(guān)系生活方式)”是本段的小標(biāo)題。故選D項。【19題詳析】分析設(shè)空，位于段尾，是對前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Becomingminimalistmeansthatyouevaluatehowwelltheyfitintoyourideallifeandmaximizingyoursocialtimespentonpeoplewholiftyouup.Thenyoucanalsofreeupmoretimetospendonotherprioritiesinlife.(成為極簡主義者意味著你評估他們是否適合你的理想生活，并最大限度地把你的社交時間花在那些讓你振作起來的人身上。這樣你就可以騰出更多的時間來處理生活中其他重要的事情)”可知，本段主要講述把你的社交時間花在那些讓你振作起來的人身上，所以F項“It’sworthfocusingyourtimeonpeoplethatmatter(把時間花在重要的人身上是值得的)”是對前文的總結(jié)。故選F項?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Introspection,whichmeansyousittingwithyourownthoughts,iswhatpeopleareterrifiedofinso“busy”aworld.(在這個“忙碌”的世界里，人們最害怕的是內(nèi)省，也就是坐下來思考自己的想法)”以及后文“Youcanputyourphoneonsilent,turnofftheTVandblockoutdistractionsandjustsitwithyourthoughts.(你可以把手機(jī)調(diào)成靜音，關(guān)掉電視，屏蔽干擾，坐下來思考)”可知，本段主要講述了，人們應(yīng)花時間去自我思考，所以B項“Anyway,youshouldmakespacetothink(不管怎樣，你應(yīng)該給自己留點(diǎn)思考的空間)”符合本段主題，引出下文。故選B項。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IrememberatimewhenIneededaphonenumberoranaddress,Inaturallydialed“0”andanoperatorwithapleasant_____21_____wouldaskwhatshecoulddoforme.ButnowIhavethe_____22_____ofacquiringknowledgefrommylaptopinthecomfortofmyhome.Automationcertainlyhasitsadvantages,butIstillmissthe_____23_____withpeoplethatthedeviceshavereplaced.RecentlyIdecidedtodedicateadaytoaccomplishingallofmygoalsina_____24_____manner.IbeganbyhavinglunchatMcDonald’s,whereI_____25_____thecomputerterminalinfavoroforderingfromasmiling_____26_____,whorememberedmefromalong-agovisit.Itseemedthatherglowof_____27_____madethemealmoredelicious.IntheafternoonIwenttothepubliclibraryandaskedthelibrariantohelpmefindatitleIcouldhaveeasily___28___bymyselfwithacomputersearch.Duringourstayinthestack(藏書架)wehadthemostwonderful___29___aboutAnnieProulx’snewbook.Finally,onmywayhomeIhadastopatthesupermarket._____30_____,Iwalkedpasttheself-checkoutandwas_____31_____byacashier,whosuggestedthatforonlyonemorepennyIcouldgeta(n)_____32_____cabbage.ThateveningIhaddinnerwithafriendandexcitedlyreportedmydaytoher.However,shewasn’tbuying.SheremarkedthatIcouldhaveorderedeverythingwithmycellphoneandtheywouldbe_____33_____tomyhome,whichwouldhavetakenlessthananhour.Exactly,butIwouldhavesacrificedonepreciouscabbageandeven_____34_____allthosekindwordsandfriendlysmiles.Ienjoyedmyday,maybejustbecausesomeonetookthetimeto_____35_____theencounters.21.A.look B.voice C.smile D.taste22.A.talent B.doubt C.potential D.convenience23.A.interactions B.challenges C.appointments D.conflicts24.A.well-known B.first-rate C.non-digital D.far-reaching25.A.carriedout B.fellbehind C.toldoff D.passedup26.A.colleague B.employee C.customer D.programmer27.A.recognition B.gratitude C.pride D.relief28.A.located B.edited C.downloaded D.purchased29.A.instruction B.conversation C.adjustment D.argument30.A.Surprisingly B.Impatiently C.Similarly D.Randomly31.A.ignored B.cheated C.welcomed D.desired32.A.free B.extra C.expired D.special33.A.exhibited B.updated C.related D.delivered34.A.harvested B.appreciated C.missed D.refused35.A.warm B.report C.arrange D.advocate【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。主要講述了作者決定放棄數(shù)字化方式，通過傳統(tǒng)的方式來完成一天的任務(wù)，并在過程中體驗到了與人交流的樂趣和溫暖?！即鸢浮?1.B22.D23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.A29.B30.C31.C32.B33.D34.C35.A【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得有一次，當(dāng)我需要一個電話號碼或地址時，我很自然地?fù)芰恕?”，一個話務(wù)員就會用悅耳的聲音問我她能為我做些什么。A.look表情；B.voice嗓音；C.smile微笑；D.taste味道。根據(jù)前文“anoperator”可知，接線員應(yīng)是用悅耳的聲音問符合實際。故選B項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但現(xiàn)在，我可以舒舒服服地坐在家里，從我的筆記本電腦上獲取知識，非常方便。A.talent才能；B.doubt懷疑；C.potential潛力；D.convenience方便。根據(jù)后文“acquiringknowledgefrommylaptopinthecomfortofmyhome”可知，從筆記本電腦上獲取知識應(yīng)是方便的。故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自動化當(dāng)然有它的優(yōu)勢，但我仍然懷念被設(shè)備取代的與人的互動。A.interactions互動；B.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；C.appointments任命；D.conflicts沖突。根據(jù)前文“Inaturallydialed“0”andanoperatorwithapleasantwouldaskwhatshecoulddoforme.”可知，作者是懷念被設(shè)備取代的與人的互動。故選A項?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最近，我決定用一天的時間，用非數(shù)字化的方式來完成我所有的目標(biāo)。A.well-known眾所周知的；B.first-rate第一流的；C.non-digital非數(shù)字化的；D.far-reaching深遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)后文“IntheafternoonIwenttothepubliclibraryandaskedthelibrariantohelpmefindatitleIcouldhaveeasilybymyselfwithacomputersearch.”可知，作者去圖書館借在電腦上很容易找到的書，推知是用非數(shù)字化的方式來完成目標(biāo)。故選C項。【25題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我從在麥當(dāng)勞吃午餐開始，在那里，我放棄了電腦終端，而是從一個微笑的員工那里點(diǎn)了餐，他記得很久以前我來過。A.carriedout執(zhí)行；B.fellbehind落后；C.toldoff責(zé)備；D.passedup放棄。根據(jù)后文“infavoroforderingfromasmiling,whorememberedmefromalong-agovisit.”可知，作者是在員工那點(diǎn)餐，所以是放棄了電腦終端。故選D項。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從在麥當(dāng)勞吃午餐開始，在那里，我放棄了電腦終端，而是從一個微笑的員工那里點(diǎn)了餐，他記得很久以前我來過。A.colleague同事；B.employee雇員；C.customer顧客；D.programmer程序員。根據(jù)后文“whorememberedmefromalong-agovisit.”可知，who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，所以空處應(yīng)是一個人，根據(jù)前文的“infavorofordering”可知，是在這個人這點(diǎn)餐，所以是一個員工。故選B項。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她臉上認(rèn)出我時露出的喜悅似乎讓這頓飯更美味了。A.recognition認(rèn)出；B.gratitude感激；C.pride自豪；D.relief救濟(jì)。根據(jù)前文“whorememberedmefromalong-agovisit.”可知，這個員工認(rèn)出作者之前來過。故選A項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：下午，我去了公共圖書館，請圖書管理員幫我找一本我自己用電腦搜索就能輕松找到的書。A.located定位；B.edited編輯；C.downloaded下載；D.purchased購買。根據(jù)后文“withacomputersearch”結(jié)合選項可知，應(yīng)是通過電腦搜索很容易定位書本的位置。故選A項?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在書堆里，我們就安妮·普羅克斯的新書進(jìn)行了一次精彩的交談。A.instruction指示；B.conversation交談；C.adjustment調(diào)整；D.argument爭論。根據(jù)后文“aboutAnnieProulx’snewbook”以及空前的wonderful結(jié)合選項可知，應(yīng)是就安妮·普羅克斯的新書進(jìn)行了一次精彩的交談。故選B項?！?0題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同樣地，我經(jīng)過自助結(jié)帳處時受到了收銀員的歡迎，他建議我只要再多花一便士就可以多買一顆卷心菜。A.Surprisingly令人驚訝地；B.Impatiently無耐性地；C.Similarly類似地；D.Randomly隨機(jī)。根據(jù)后文“Iwalkedpasttheself-checkoutandwasbyacashier,whosuggestedthatforonlyonemorepennyIcouldgeta(n)cabbage.”可知，作者后面依舊是通過人工來達(dá)成目標(biāo)，所以應(yīng)是同樣地。故選C項。