電氣工程專業(yè)詞匯樣本

電壓源voltagesource電流源currentsource抱負電壓源idealvoltagesource抱負電流源idealcurrentsource伏安特性volt-amperecharacteristic電動勢electromotiveforce電壓voltage電流current電位potential電位差potentialdifference歐姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule電路circuit電路元件circuitelement電阻resistance電阻器resistor電感inductance電感器inductor電容capacitance電容器capacitor電路模型circuitmodel參照方向referencedirection參照電位referencepotential歐姆定律Ohm’slaw基爾霍夫定律Kirchhoff’slaw基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoff’svoltagelaw（KVL）基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoff’scurrentlaw（KCL）結(jié)點node支路branch回路loop網(wǎng)孔mesh支路電流法branchcurrentanalysis網(wǎng)孔電流法meshcurrentanalysis結(jié)點電位法nodevoltageanalysis電源變換sourcetransformations疊加原理superpositiontheorem網(wǎng)絡(luò)network無源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)passivetwo-terminalnetwork有源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)activetwo-terminalnetwork戴維寧定理Thevenin’stheorem諾頓定理Norton’stheorem開路（斷路）opencircuit短路shortcircuit開路電壓open-circuitvoltage短路電流short-circuitcurrent直流電路directcurrentcircuit(dc)交流電路alternatingcurrentcircuit(ac)正弦交流電路sinusoidala-ccircuit平均值averagevalue有效值effectivevalue均方根值root-mean-squirevalue(rms)瞬時值instantaneousvalue電抗reactance感抗inductivereactance容抗capacitivereactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance復(fù)數(shù)阻抗compleximpedance相位phase初相位initialphase相位差phasedifference相位領(lǐng)先phaselead相位落后phaselag倒相，反相phaseinversion頻率frequency角頻率angularfrequency赫茲Hertz相量phasor相量圖phasordiagram有功功率activepower無功功率reactivepower視在功率apparentpower功率因數(shù)powerfactor功率因數(shù)補償power-factorcompensation串聯(lián)諧振seriesresonance并聯(lián)諧振parallelresonance諧振頻率resonancefrequency頻率特性frequencycharacteristic幅頻特性amplitude-frequencyresponsecharacteristic相頻特性phase-frequencyresponsecharacteristic截止頻率cutofffrequency品質(zhì)因數(shù)qualityfactor通頻帶pass-band帶寬bandwidth(BW)濾波器filter一階濾波器first-orderfilter二階濾波器second-orderfilter低通濾波器low-passfilter高通濾波器high-passfilter帶通濾波器band-passfilter帶阻濾波器band-stopfilter轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)transferfunction波特圖Bodediagram傅立葉級數(shù)Fourierseries三相電路three-phasecircuit三相電源three-phasesource對稱三相電源symmetricalthree-phasesource對稱三相負載symmetricalthree-phaseload相電壓phasevoltage相電流phasecurrent線電壓linevoltage線電流linecurrent三相三線制three-phasethree-wiresystem三相四線制three-phasefour-wiresystem三相功率three-phasepower星形連接starconnection(Y-connection)三角形連接triangularconnection(D-connection,deltaconnection)中線neutralline暫態(tài)transientstate穩(wěn)態(tài)steadystate暫態(tài)過程，暫態(tài)響應(yīng)transientresponse換路定理lowofswitch一階電路first-ordercircuit三要素法three-factormethod時間常數(shù)timeconstant積分電路integratingcircuit微分電路differentiatingcircuit磁路與變壓器:磁場magneticfield磁通flux磁路magneticcircuit磁感應(yīng)強度fluxdensity磁通勢magnetomotiveforce磁阻reluctance直流電動機dcmotor交流電動機acmotor異步電動機asynchronousmotor同步電動機synchronousmotor三相異步電動機three-phaseasynchronousmotor單相異步電動機single-phaseasynchronousmotor旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場rotatingmagneticfield定子stator轉(zhuǎn)子rotor轉(zhuǎn)差率slip起動電流startingcurrent起動轉(zhuǎn)矩startingtorque額定電壓ratedvoltage額定電流ratedcurrent額定功率ratedpower機械特性mechanicalcharacteristic按鈕button熔斷器fuse開關(guān)switch行程開關(guān)travelswitch繼電器relay接觸器contactor常開(動合)觸點normallyopencontact常閉(動斷)觸點normallyclosedcontact時間繼電器timerelay熱繼電器thermaloverloadrelay中間繼電器intermediaterelay可編程控制器programmablelogiccontroller語句表statementlist梯形圖ladderdiagram本征半導(dǎo)體intrinsicsemiconductor摻雜半導(dǎo)體dopedsemiconductorP型半導(dǎo)體P-typesemiconductorN型半導(dǎo)體N--typesemiconductor自由電子freeelectron空穴hole載流子carriersPN結(jié)PNjunction擴散diffusion漂移drift二極管diode硅二極管silicondiode鍺二極管germaniumdiode陽極anode陰極cathode發(fā)光二極管light-emittingdiode(LED)光電二極管photodiode穩(wěn)壓二極管Zenerdiode晶體管（三極管）transistorPNP型晶體管PNPtransistorNPN型晶體管NPNtransistor發(fā)射極emitter集電極collector基極base電流放大系數(shù)currentamplificationcoefficient場效應(yīng)管field-effecttransistor(FET)P溝道p-channelN溝道n-channel結(jié)型場效應(yīng)管junctionFET（JFET）金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體metal-oxidesemiconductor(MOS)耗盡型MOS場效應(yīng)管depletionmodeMOSFET（D-MOSFET）增強型MOS場效應(yīng)管enhancementmodeMOSFET（E-MOSFET）源極source柵極grid漏極drain跨導(dǎo)transconductance夾斷電壓pinch-offvoltage熱敏電阻thermistor開路open短路shorted放大器amplifier正向偏置forwardbias反向偏置backwardbias靜態(tài)工作點quiescentpoint(Q-point)等效電路equivalentcircuit電壓放大倍數(shù)voltagegain總電壓放大倍數(shù)overallvoltagegain飽和saturation截止cut-off放大區(qū)amplifierregion飽和區(qū)saturationregion截止區(qū)cut-offregion失真distortion飽和失真saturationdistortion截止失真cut-offdistortion零點漂移zerodrift正反饋positivefeedback負反饋negativefeedback串聯(lián)負反饋seriesnegativefeedback并聯(lián)負反饋parallelnegativefeedback共射極放大器common-emitteramplifier射極跟隨器emitter-follower共源極放大器common-sourceamplifier共漏極放大器common-drainamplifier多級放大器multistageamplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitancecoupledamplifier直接耦合放大器direct-coupledamplifier輸入電阻inputresistance輸出電阻outputresistance負載電阻loadresistance動態(tài)電阻dynamicresistance負載電流loadcurrent旁路電容bypasscapacitor耦合電容coupledcapacitor直流通路directcurrentpath交流通路alternatingcurrentpath直流分量directcurrentcomponent交流分量alternatingcurrentcomponent變阻器（電位器）rheostat電阻（器）resistor電阻（值）resistance電容（器）capacitor電容（量）capacitance電感（器，線圈）inductor電感（量），感應(yīng)系數(shù)inductance正弦電壓sinusoidalvoltage差動放大器differentialamplifier運算放大器operationalamplifier(op-amp)失調(diào)電壓offsetvoltage失調(diào)電流offsetcurrent共模信號common-modesignal差模信號different-modesignal共模抑制比common-moderejectionratio(CMRR)積分電路integrator（circuit）微分電路differentiator（circuit）有源濾波器activefilter低通濾波器low-passfilter高通濾波器high-passfilter帶通濾波器band-passfilter帶阻濾波器band-stopfilter波特沃斯濾波器Butterworthfilter切比雪夫濾波器Chebyshevfilter貝塞爾濾波器Besselfilter截止頻率cut-offfrequency上限截止頻率uppercut-offfrequency下限截止頻率lowercut-offfrequency中心頻率centerfrequency帶寬Bandwidth開環(huán)增益open-loopgain閉環(huán)增益closed-loopgain共模增益common-modegain輸入阻抗inputimpedance電壓跟隨器voltage-follower電壓源voltagesource電流源currentsource單位增益帶寬unity-gainbandwidth頻率響應(yīng)frequencyresponse頻響特性（曲線）responsecharacteristic波特圖theBodeplot穩(wěn)定性stability補償compensation比較器comparator遲滯比較器hysteresiscomparator階躍輸入電壓stepinputvoltage儀表放大器instrumentationamplifier隔離放大器isolationamplifier對數(shù)放大器logamplifier反對數(shù)放大器antilogamplifier反饋通道feedbackpath反向漏電流reverseleakagecurrent相位phase相移phaseshift鎖相環(huán)phase-lockedloop(PLL)鎖相環(huán)相位監(jiān)測器PLLphasedetector和頻sumfrequency差頻differencefrequency振蕩器oscillatorRC振蕩器RCoscillatorLC振蕩器LCoscillator正弦波振蕩器sinusoidaloscillator三角波發(fā)生器triangularwavegenerator方波發(fā)生器squarewavegenerator幅度magnitude電平level飽和輸出電平（電壓）saturatedoutputlevel功率放大器poweramplifier交越失真cross-overdistortion甲類功率放大器classApoweramplifier乙類推挽功率放大器classBpush-pullpoweramplifierOTL功率放大器outputtransformerlesspoweramplifierOCL功率放大器outputcapacitorlesspoweramplifier半波整流half-waverectifier全波整流full-waverectifier電感濾波器inductorfilter電容濾波器capacitorfilter串聯(lián)型穩(wěn)壓電源series(voltage)regulator開關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源switching(voltage)regulator集成穩(wěn)壓器IC(voltage)regulator晶閘管及可控整流電路晶閘管thyristor單結(jié)晶體管unijunctiontransistor（UJT）可控整流controlledrectifier可控硅silicon-controlledrectifier峰點peakpoint谷點valleypoint控制角controllingangle導(dǎo)通角turn-onangle二進制binary二進制數(shù)binarynumber十進制decimal十六進制hexadecimal二-十進制binarycodeddecimal（BCD）門電路gate三態(tài)門tri-stategate與門ANDgate或門ORgate非門NOTgate與非門NANDgate或非門NORgate異或門exclusive-ORgate反相器inverter布爾代數(shù)Booleanalgebra真值表truthtable卡諾圖theKarnaughmap邏輯函數(shù)logicfunction邏輯表達式logicexpression組合邏輯電路combinationlogiccircuit譯碼器decoder編碼器coder比較器comparator半加器half-adder全加器full-adder七段顯示屏seven-