專題03非謂語動詞（原卷版）

專題03非謂語動詞(期中重點(diǎn)語法)知識串講作為動詞考點(diǎn)中的一大走向，非謂語動詞是每年高考的必考點(diǎn)與重難點(diǎn)。作為英語所獨(dú)有的一種語法現(xiàn)象，非謂語動詞在看重語言能力素養(yǎng)的時代，更有著不可替代的重要位置。例如高考寫作的比例增加了，而優(yōu)秀的敘述性寫作少不了非謂語動詞的應(yīng)用。因此，高考對非謂語動詞的考查力度不會減弱，只會加強(qiáng)。非謂語動詞是在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式。是動詞的非謂語形式.動詞一般在句子中充當(dāng)謂語.在句中可起名詞,形容詞,副詞的作用,在句中充當(dāng)主語,賓語,表語,補(bǔ)語,定語或狀語.即動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分高考考哪些？分析歷年的高考真題，和近兩年的真題的出題趨勢，以及各省市的模擬試題，最后結(jié)合高考難度設(shè)定，可以得到下面這張圖的范圍。如果你想拿高分，就記住張圖。如果你基礎(chǔ)不好，就記住下面這張圖。一共5個，其中的tobedone，beingdone，分別是todo和doing的被動形式。用法基本沒區(qū)別，只是在含義上多一層被動含義考點(diǎn)1不定式1.作主語(1)含義：表示某一次的具體動作或表示一般情況(2)謂語動詞的數(shù)：動詞不定式作主語時謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式(3)位置：動詞不定式作主語時，可位于句首，也可位于句末(it作形式主語)Tohesitatemeansfailure.猶豫不決就意味著失敗。Itisagainstmyprinciplestodosuchathing.做這樣的事是違反我的原則的。2.作賓語(1)常見的可接不定式作賓語的動詞：afford，agree，arrange，ask，attempt，choose，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail,，help，hope，learn，manage，offer，plan，pretend(假裝)，promise，prove，refuse，resolve(解決)，want，wish等。Thepanycouldn'taffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.這個公司無法支付如此巨額的工資。Sherefusedtobephotographed.她拒絕讓人拍照。(2)feel,find,think,believe,consider,make這幾個動詞后接不定式作賓語，且賓語后有形容詞/名詞作賓補(bǔ)時，常用it作形式賓語，而把不定式放到賓補(bǔ)之后。Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim.我發(fā)現(xiàn)跟他一塊兒工作挺愉快。Hethoughtitagreatpitynottohaveinvitedher.他覺得沒有請她真是太遺憾了。3.作表語動詞不定式放在連系動詞后作表語時，表示將來的情況或說明主語的內(nèi)容。Mywishistobeeadoctor.我的愿望是當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。Youmustkeepyourpromise,ifwearetoremainfriends.如果我們還要繼續(xù)做朋友，你就必須信守諾言。4.作定語動詞不定式作定語時通常位于所修飾的詞語之后。Ihavemanyletterstowrite.我有許多信要寫。5.作狀語不定式作狀語時，通?？杀硎驹?，目的和結(jié)果。不定式一般不作時間狀語、讓步狀語等。原因狀語。不定式作原因狀語時，通常位于情感類形容詞或表示心理活動的形容詞/過去分詞之后，表示產(chǎn)生某種情感或心理活動的原因。Hewassoexcitedtoseeyoue.看到你來他很激動。(2)目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語時可位于句首和句尾，動詞不定式作目的狀語時僅用一般式，且不定式前可加inorder/soas，但soasto不能位于句首。Heranfastsoastocatchthefirstbus.他一路奔跑以便趕上第一班公共汽車。(3)結(jié)果狀語。不定式作結(jié)果狀語時表示謂語動詞所表示的動作的結(jié)果。構(gòu)成不定式的動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，不定式用一般式。動詞不定式之前有時可以加上only，以加強(qiáng)語氣。Afewdayslaterhecamebackonlytofindthatthetroopshadleft.幾天后他回來了，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)部隊已經(jīng)離開了。Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfoot.他搬起石頭卻砸了自己的腳。6.作補(bǔ)語(1)ask,tell,invite,get,advise,allow,want,permit,warn,order,encourage,prefer,expect,force,wish,beg等動詞后可接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Myteacherencouragedmetostudyabroad.我的老師鼓勵我出國留學(xué)。(2)believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,prove,suppose,think等動詞后可接"tobe+adj."作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Ibelievehimtobehonest.我相信他是誠實的。(3)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓補(bǔ)可由不定式充當(dāng)，不定式通常表示動作尚未發(fā)生。Withalotofworktodo,hehasnotimetohangoutwithfriends.因有很多工作要做，他沒時間與朋友一塊兒出去玩。考點(diǎn)2動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成和特征現(xiàn)在分詞一般由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成。及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞可以帶賓語,也可以帶狀語。不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞不可以直接跟賓語,但可以被狀語修飾;若要帶賓語,則應(yīng)加上相應(yīng)的介詞。帶有狀語或賓語的現(xiàn)在分詞稱為現(xiàn)在分詞短語,如singingsongsloudly其否定式是在現(xiàn)在分詞前加not。2、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能現(xiàn)在分詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞和副詞,在句中可以作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。(1)作定語?，F(xiàn)在分詞常用作定語修飾名詞或代詞。單個分詞作定語通常放在被修飾詞之前,分詞短語作定語一般放在被修飾詞之后。Allmovingbodiespossessenergy切運(yùn)動的物體都具有能量。Amangettingupassoonasthecockcrowsishardworkingman.雞鳴即起的人是一個勤奮的人。Heisabusinessmangrowingrichinrecentyears.他是一位最近幾年才富起來的商人。(2)作狀語?？键c(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語,用來進(jìn)一步說明謂語動詞或整個句子的動作或狀態(tài),可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、方式、隨狀況等。分詞作狀語時位置比較靈活,可置于句首、句中或句尾,可用逗號隔開,也可不用逗號隔開。Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforBeijing.(時間)聽到這個消息后,他們立即出發(fā)到北京去了。Beingshortofmoney,decidedtoapplyforthejob.(原因)由于手頭缺錢,我決定申請這份工作。Heturnedoffthelamp,seeingnothing.(結(jié)果)他熄了燈,什么也看不見了。Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathtothevillage.(條件)向右轉(zhuǎn)彎,你就可以找到一條通向村莊的小路。Hewalkeddownthehill,singingsoftlytohimself.(方式或伴隨)他從小山上走下來,輕聲哼著曲兒。(3)作表語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語時,其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,只表示一種狀況,或者表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征動作的意義已大為減弱。Nomatterwhatkindofworkyoudo,itneedstobefulfillingandsatisfying.不論你做什么工作,它都需要給人帶來成就感和滿足感。Thestoryofhislifesoundsinteresting.他的生平聽起來很有趣。(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Ifoundthosestudentsstudyingveryhard.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)非常努力Shesuddenlyheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.她忽然聽到有人敲門?？键c(diǎn)3動詞的過去分詞過去分詞相當(dāng)于adj.和adv.的功能，所以，它可以作定語，狀語，賓語補(bǔ)足語和表語。過去分詞的用法，一是表完成，二是表被動。作定語過去分詞作定語，如果是單個的詞，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。如果是過去分詞短語作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后。a__broken______(break)cup一只打破的杯子(被動)badlybuilthouse修得很差的房子（完成）注意：過去分詞作定語與ving形式，動詞不定式作定語的區(qū)別。therisensun已升起的太陽（完成）therisingsun正在上升的太陽（進(jìn)行）thefallenleaves落在地上的葉子（完成）thefallingleaves正在飄落的葉子（進(jìn)行）2．作表語Thecupisbroken.(表被動，完成)Heisretired.(完成)注意過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.(被動語態(tài)，表示動作)Thelibraryisnowclosed.(過去分詞作表語)注意過去分詞作表語與ving形式作表語的區(qū)別。interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其過去分詞來修飾人，用ving形式來修飾物。ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.Weareexcitedatthenews.3．作賓語補(bǔ)足語:過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，要注意與動詞不定式、ving形式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。能夠接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞:(1)表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish。(2)表示“使，致使”意義的詞。如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.習(xí)題鞏固1．________(perform)CPRforalongtime,thedoctorssnatchedthepatientfromthejawsofdeatheventually.2．Apparently,thereareabout15%students____________(support)theidea.3．Hisambitionis____________(bee)afamouswriterofhistoricalnovels.4．ThereislittledoubtthatpeoplewithlowEQsoftenhaveproblems________(get)onwithotherpeople.5．Thescientists,________(mit)totheresearchoftheMars,foundnosignsoflifethere.6．Subsequently,theyfounditnogood________(expose)totoomuchinformationontheInternet.7．Anexplosionhappenedinthemine,leaving22miners________(trap)8．Overthepasttenyears,thepanyhasinvestedintotal4billionUSdollarsin5G,________(make)italeaderin5Gchips,smartphonesandnetworks.9．Bydeliveringthecontentinameaningfulway,thisnewapproachto________(learn)managestoengagestudents’interestandenhancelearningefficiency.10．Theexhibition,____________(sponsor)bythelocalgovernment,willillustratehowlifeevolvedfromwater.11．Shewasupsetthatthevaluablenecklace______(belong)toherwaslostyesterdayevening.12．Theideahethoughtof______(build)abridgeovertherivertheresoundsreasonable.13．Theairport______(plete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.14．Finally,thepany,____________(head)byitsnewmanager,startedtomakeaprofit.15．Ifyoudon’tputafenceroundyourgardenyou’llhavecatsordogs____________(get)in.16．Hefoundhisfamilies____________(seat)atthetabletalkingandlaughing.17．Thestudentisthought________(break)therulesbycheatingintheexam.18．Withsomuchwork________(do),Ihavetostaybehindafterwork.19．Shewassaidto________(charge)withdrunkdriving.20．Themanagerwouldliketoseethework________(finish)tomorrowmorning.21．Thecollegestudents________(select)toparticipateinthemunityepidemicpreventionserviceduringtheSpringFestivalareallfromthelocalarea.22．Inthe19thcentury,waterpowerwaswidelyutilized________(generate)electricity.23．Thelocalgovernmenthasalreadycollectedthreemilliondollars,________(intend)fortheenvironmentimprovement.24．________(see)acarrunningfasttowardsher,Ireachedmyhandoutandpulledherback.25．________(solve)thisproblem,ourpanyputoutthehouseholdrobotdesignedtotakecareofoldpeople.26．________(locate)inthesoutheastofFujianProvince,Xiamenisacoastalcitywithalonghistory.27．Jackdidnotknowwhere________(find)suchagoodteacher.28．Itend__________(go)tobedlateandgetupearlyinsummer.29．Jamesisbusy__________(practice)fortheschoolconcert.30．__________(judge)fromhisbehavior,heisdishonest.31．Allwhoparticipatedhavegainedapositiveoutefromgetting________(involve)．32．Oneofthestationstaffspottedalittlegirl________(cry)alone.33．Theprofessorremindedme________(hand)inthepaperbeforethedeadline.34．Iintend________(take)fulladvantageofthistriptobuythethingsweneed.35．Ifyouwishtobeadmittedtoakeyuniversity,youmusttolerate________(work)hardallthethreeyearsinseniorhighschool.36．________(frustrate)byfrequentfailuresinmyEnglishexams,Ifoundmyselfonthepointofgivinguptotally,butlaterIgainedconfidenceagainwiththehelpofmyteacher.37．________(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.38．Allcandidatesarerequired_________(take)ashorttest.39．Ibedtheshops_________(look)forsomethingtowear.40．Thankyouforyourletter________(date)24thJuly.41．Therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofmaturestudents_______(go)touniversity,afterworkingforafewormanyyears.42．IwaswalkingaroundthewoodswhenIfoundapoordog_________(abandon)there.43．Thepurposeofbasiceducationis_________(develop)afinepersonalityinallchildren.44．Theylonged________(escape)fromtherushofcitylife,sotheymovedtothecountryside.45．________(adopt)manymeasurestoprotectwildanimals,wecanseethatthenumberofwildanimalsisincreasing.46．Asthefinalwhistleblew,fansbegan________(invade)thefield.47．Patientsoftenreject________(transplant)organs.48．Thereisadrivebothto________(standard)ponentsandtoreducethenumberofmodels.49．SoambitiousisJohnthatheaims________(set)upmorethantenbrancheselsewhere.50．Nothingcanalterthefactthatweare_____________(blame).51．Theseactivitiesaim________(build)abridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.52．Thiscourseisdesigned________(provide)afullerunderstandingofhowthehumanbrainworks.53．Ifind________(paint)withwatercolouraloteasierthanwithoil.54．Ican’tstand________(go)toartgalleries.Igetverybored!55．Hedetermined________(abandon)studyingabroadbecausehisfathersufferedfromheartdisease.56．________(draw)realisticportraitsofpeopleisverydifficult.57．________(visit)artgallerieshelpsyouunderstanddifferentcultures.58．Toimprovelearningefficiency,studentsmustspendmoretime________(focus)ontheskillswhichtheyareweakin.59．Theteacherinspireshisstudents________(give)theiropinionsratherthanjustlistentohim.60．Themoreweacknowledgetheoutstandinguniversalvalueofourheritagesites,themorelikelyweare________(treat)themwithrespect.61．Thefilm________(show)thesedaysattractsalotofyoungpeople.62．SeeingMom________(e)home,Tompretendedtobereadingabook.63．________(improve)hisEnglish,hegetsupearlytolistentotheradioeverymorning.64．________(face)withincreasingunemployment,manypeoplewentonstrikeinFrance.65．Theboywascaught________(cheat)intheexaminationlastweek.66．Wemustmakeaneffort________(go)throughthedifficulttimes.67．Rememberthatyouhadbetter________(arrive)punctuallyorsometimeear