2021新高考英語人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)必修4Unit2Workingtheland

Unit2Workingtheland課時(shí)作業(yè)Ⅰ.閱讀AFamousChineseagriculturalscientistYuanLongpingandhisresearchteam'sexpe－rimentofplantingsaltwater-tolerantriceindesertareasofDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesprovedtobeasuccess,withonetypeofriceproducingmorethan7.5tonsperhectare,Xinhuareported.Saltwater-tolerantriceisdesignedtogrowintidalflatsorotherareaswithheavysaltcontent.Itwastheworld'sfirstsuccessfulcaseofplantingriceinatropicaldesertarea,standingasChina'scontributiontoimprovingtheabilityofpeopleindesertareastobeself-sufficientinmainfoods,amovethatcanprotectglobalfoodsecurityandimprovethedesertecologicalenvironment.Thetechnologyofsaltwater-tolerantriceplaysakeyroleinthesuccessasthenaturalenvironmentoftheDubaidesertisterribleforricegrowth.Thedaytimetemperaturescouldbeashighasover50℃，andnighttimetemperaturescoulddropby30℃.Humiditystaysbelow20percentandtherearesandstormsfromtimetotime.Thebiggestchallengeisthedesertsoil,whichislowinorganicmatterandunabletokeepsoilmoistureasitistotallysand.Tomakeitworse,seawaterremainsjust7.5metersbelowthesoil,Withthissuccess,thecenterandtheprivateinvestmentofficeoftheruleroftheEmirateofDubaiplantosetupa100-hectareexperimentalfarmlandinDubai,totesttheproductioncostsandcultivationtechniquesofthesaltwater-tolerantriceandprepareforpromotion.Thetwopartieswillconstructa100-hectarestandardfarmlandin2019andspeedupriceplantingin2020.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)著名農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家袁隆平和他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在阿聯(lián)酋迪拜沙漠地區(qū)成功種植耐鹽水水稻。1．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Thetropicaldesertareashavedonewellinbeingself-sufficient.B．Chineseteamplayagreatroleinplantingsaltwater-tolerantriceindesertareas.C．Plantingsaltwater-tolerantricecanbeeasilyachievedinmanytropicaldesertareas.D．Saltwater-tolerantriceisdesignedtogrowinareaswithheavysaltcontent.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，耐鹽水水稻是為在灘涂或其他含鹽量大的地區(qū)種植而設(shè)計(jì)的，是世界上第一個(gè)在熱帶沙漠地區(qū)種植水稻的成功案例，這是中國(guó)對(duì)提高沙漠地區(qū)人民自足能力的貢獻(xiàn)。故選B。2．What'sthemostdifficultthingforricegrowthinDubaidesert?A．Itsdaytimetemperaturecouldbeupto50℃B．It'sjust6.5metersabovetheseawaterandeasytobefullofsalt.C．Itssoilisshortoforganicmatterandhardtokeepsoilmoisture.D．Itisextremelyexpensivetoconductexperimentsintropicaldesertareas.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第四句“Thebiggestchallengeisthedesertsoil,whichislowinorganicmatterandunabletokeepsoilmoistureasitistotallysand.”可知，最大的挑戰(zhàn)是沙漠土壤，它有機(jī)質(zhì)含量低，不能保持土壤水分，因?yàn)樗耆巧匙?。故選C。3．Whatcanwelearnaboutthesaltwater－tolerantriceaccordingtothepassage?A．Thenaturalenvironmentisthekeyfactorofthesuccessoftheexperiment.B．Dubaistillhasalottodobeforethesaltwater-tolerantricebenefitsotherareas.C．Noevaluationwillbeperformedagainastheexperimenthasbeensuccessful.D．TheruleroftheEmirateofDubaithinkslittleoftheresultoftheexperiment.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句可知，隨著這一成功，該中心和迪拜的私人投資辦公室計(jì)劃在迪拜建立一個(gè)100公頃的試驗(yàn)田，以測(cè)試耐鹽水水稻的生產(chǎn)成本和種植技術(shù)，并為進(jìn)一步推廣做準(zhǔn)備。由此可推知，在使耐鹽水水稻能造福于其他地區(qū)之前，迪拜還有很多需要做的。故選B。4．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheUnitedArabEmiratestriestoimprovethedesertecologicalenvironment.B．TheUnitedArabEmirateshasbeguntoplantsaltwater-tolerantrice.C．Thericeexperimentisofgreatimportanceforthetropicaldesertareas.D．Chineseteamsucceedsinplantingsaltwater-tolerantriceinDubai'sdesert.答案：D主旨大意題。文章主要講述了中國(guó)著名農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家袁隆平和他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在阿聯(lián)酋迪拜沙漠地區(qū)成功種植耐鹽水水稻。故選D。【詞匯積累】①hectaren.公頃②tidaladj.潮汐的；有潮的③cultivation耕種；種植；栽培④speedup(使)加速【長(zhǎng)難句分析】Thebiggestchallengeisthedesertsoil,whichislowinorganicmatterandunabletokeepsoilmoistureasitistotallysand.最大的挑戰(zhàn)是沙漠土壤，它有機(jī)質(zhì)含量低，不能保持土壤水分，因?yàn)樗耆巧匙?。分析：此句是主從?fù)合句。whichislowinorganicmatterandunabletokeepsoilmoisture是非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞thedesertsoil；在該定語從句中，asitistotallysand是原因狀語從句。B(2019·遼寧省沈陽市東北育才學(xué)校五模)AninternationalgroupofcoffeeexpertshasconsideredEthiopia'scoffeeasthebestintheworld.Coffeeisatopexportofthecountry.Butathome,itisseenasnationalpride.Ethiopiansfeelgoodabouttheircoffee,andenjoyingadrinkwithfriendsisalongtradition.Internationalcoffeeexpertstraveltheworldtofindthebestcoffee.TheykeepreturningtoEthiopia.Somepeoplesaytheclimateproducesqualitybeans.MortonWennerisacoffeeimporter.Hesaid,“Ethiopiahasdifferentancienttypesofcoffee.Theyareplantedinplaceswithperfectsoil,perfectaltitude,andclimatesthatarereallysuitableforcoffeeprocessing,suchasdryingandthingslikethat.”Findingthebestqualitybeansisoftenanissueoftaste.Theprocessisknownascupping—tastingandparingcoffeefromdifferentroastedbeans,gradingandthenpricingthem.Butbeforeinternationalexpertsetotaste,coffeebeansarestudiedinsmallcoffeelaboratories.HelenAssefa,alabtechnician,describestheprocess,“Whenthecoffeeestothelab,weassessitsqualityfirstbyrecordingthedetails.Thenweweighthewetnesslevelandscreenthebeansforanalysis.Afterthatwepolishthecoffeebeansandtastethesamples.Attheendwecheckforimperfectbeans.”Ethiopiaismakingbigprofitsonitscoffeereputationbyexportingcoffeetomorethan120countries.Thecountryhasanexportineofmorethan$840millionayear.ButnotallthebestcoffeeleavesEthiopia.Fortypercentofthecoffeegrowninthecountrystaysthere.Itremainsanimportantpartofeverydaylifeatwork,athomeandatceremoniesjusttocelebratethatspecialcup.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇科普類說明文。文章主要介紹了專家是如何確定埃塞俄比亞的咖啡是最佳的。5．WheredoestheEthiopian'spridemainlyefrom?A．Traditionalpractices. B．Foodexport.C．Internationalexperts. D．Bestcoffee.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段前三句可知，埃塞俄比亞的咖啡是民族驕傲，是最好的咖啡。故選D。6．Ethiopiaproducesbestcoffeebecauseof.A．thespecialcoffeetasteB．thelong-standingtraditionC．thesatisfactorymildclimateD．thefavorablegrowingenvironment答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，當(dāng)?shù)胤N植出高質(zhì)量的咖啡豆是由于有利的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境。故選D。7．Whichofthefollowingdescribestheprocessofstudyingcoffeebeansinthelab?a．polishandtasteb．weighthedampnesslevelc．recordqualityfactsd．a(chǎn)nalyzethebeanse．checkforimperfectionA．d－c－b－a－e B．c－b－d－a－eC．e－c－a－b－d D．c－d－a－b－e答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中HelenAssefa說的話可知，咖啡豆一進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，首先詳細(xì)記錄咖啡的情況，鑒定咖啡的品質(zhì)。然后檢查它的濕度，篩檢后進(jìn)行分析。隨后磨碎咖啡豆，品嘗樣品。最后去除不好的咖啡豆。故選B。8．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．CoffeeisessentialinEthiopians'dailylives.B．CoffeeisthemostprofitableindustryinEthiopia.C．MostofthecoffeeproductionremainsinEthiopia.D．Ethiopiansoftenholdceremoniestocelebrateharvest.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段尾句可知，在埃塞俄比亞，咖啡是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ罘浅Ｖ匾囊徊糠?。故選A?！驹~匯積累】①altituden.海拔②polishvt.擦光；磨光③reputationn.名譽(yù)；名聲【長(zhǎng)難句分析】Theyareplantedinplaceswithperfectsoil,perfectaltitude,andclimatesthatarereallysuitableforcoffeeprocessing,suchasdryingandthingslikethat.它們種植在完美的土壤、完美的海拔和非常適合咖啡加工的氣候條件下，比如干燥之類等。分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，that后跟一個(gè)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞climates。C(2020·遼寧省五校協(xié)作體高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)合模擬考試)Inalong－sleevedshirtandjeans,DieudonneTwahirwalooksnothinglikethetraditionalAfricanfarmer.The30－year－oldownerofGashoraFarmknowswhatadifferencethatmakes.“Youneedmorerolemodels，”hesaid,standingamongknee－h(huán)ighrowsofchilli(辣椒)plants.“Ifyouhaveyoungfarmers,theyhavelandandtheydrivetothefarm,othersmaythink,‘Whycan'tIdothat？’”MrTwahirwa,auniversitygraduate,boughtafriend'stomatofarmsixyearsagofor$150.Hemade$1,500backintwomonths.“Youhavetolinkfarmingwithentrepreneurshipandrealnumbers，”hesaid.ManyyoungAfricansareabandoningareasinthecountryside,choosingnottoworkhardforalongtimeinthefields—ajobmadetougherbyclimatechange.ButTwahirwaisoneofthegrowingbandofsuccessfulfarmersworkingtomakeagriculture'simageonthecontinentmoreattractive.Some1,000farmersnowproducechilliesforhim.Heisstartingafourthfarmofhisown,andexportsfreshanddriedchilliesandoiltoBritain,theUnitedStates,India,andKenya.Africahastheworld'syoungestpopulationand65percentofitsuncultivatedarableland(耕地后備資源).Yetaccessinglandandloansisdifficult,andAfricanproducti－vityislowwithcropyieldsjust56percentoftheinternationalaverage.“Agricultureismainlyassociatedwithsufferingandnoyoungpersonwantstosuffer，”saidTamaraKaunda.ShebelievesAfricanagricultureneedsachangetogetridofitsold－fashionedimageofveryhardandtiringworkwithahoe.“Showyoungpeopletractors,greenfields,niceirrigationsystemsandsmartphones，”shesaid.Gettingyoungpeopleinvolvedinagriculturedoesnotmeantheyhavetoworkonafarm.Forexample,incoffeeproduction,thebeansgofromthefarmtothewashingstation,thentobeseparatedfromthehusks(外殼).篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。非洲有世界上最年輕的人群與大量的耕地后備資源，但是由于氣候與農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的落后，很多年輕人都不愿意從事農(nóng)業(yè)。DieudonneTwahirwa則為非洲青年樹立了榜樣。9．Whatdoes“Whycan'tIdothat？”inParagraph2mean?A．Whycan'tIdrivetothefarm?B．Whycan'ttheyfarm?C．Theyfollowtheexampleofthosefarmers.D．Theyboughtafriend'stomatofarm.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ifyouhaveyoungfarmers,theyhavelandandtheydrivetothefarm,othersmaythink,‘Whycan'tIdothat？’”可知，此處表示如果你有年輕的農(nóng)民，他們有土地，而且開車去農(nóng)場(chǎng)，其他人可能會(huì)想，為什么“我”不能那樣做？該句意在表明其他人認(rèn)為他們可以效仿這些農(nóng)民的做法。故選C。10．Whatmakesitharderforfarmerstowork?A．Poorland. B．Climate.C．Lowine. D．Longworkinghours.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ajobmadetougherbyclimatechange”可知，在非洲，讓農(nóng)民的勞動(dòng)難度更大的原因在于氣候變化。故選B。11．WhatcanwelearnaboutTwahirwaaccordingtoParagraph5?A．Hemadeafortunebygrowingchillies.B．Hischilliesaresuperbintheworld.C．Farmersworkingforhimliveasimplelife.D．Thelocalsaren'twillingtobuyhischillies.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Some1,000farmersnowproducechilliesforhim.Heisstartingafourthfarmofhisown”可推知，Twahirwa通過種植紅辣椒賺了很多錢。故選A。12．WhenitestoagricultureinAfrica,whatdopeoplethinkaboutit?A．Loansaredifficult.B．Mostlandisuncultivated.C．Cropyieldsareratherlow.D．Farmingmethodsareoutofdate.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Africanagricultureneedsachangetogetridofitsold－fashionedimageofveryhardandtiringworkwithahoe”可知，非洲農(nóng)業(yè)需要改變，以擺脫其傳統(tǒng)的形象：使用鋤頭的非常辛苦和累人的工作。由此可推知，當(dāng)談及非洲的農(nóng)業(yè)時(shí)，人們想到的是落后的耕作方法。故選D。【詞匯積累】①productivityn.生產(chǎn)率；生產(chǎn)效率②yieldn.產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出；利潤(rùn)③irrigationn.灌溉④getridof擺脫，除去【長(zhǎng)難句分析】Gettingyoungpeopleinvolvedinagriculturedoesnotmeantheyhavetoworkonafarm.讓年輕人參與農(nóng)業(yè)并不意味著他們必須在田地工作。分析：此句是復(fù)合句。Gettingyoungpeopleinvolvedinagriculture是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，mean后跟一個(gè)省略了that的賓語從句。Ⅱ.語法填空(2020·山東省德州市武城五中高三月考)Iwasreturningtomyhomeandstuckinthetraffic.Amongthebusy1(vehicle)wasanambulance,whosedriverwastrying2(get)outoftrafficjamsandthepatientwasfightingwithhisillness.Somepeopleweregivingspacetotheambulancebutotherswerenot,3showsthattherearegoodpeopleintheworldandthereare4(self)peopleaswell.Iftheambulancecouldnotfindtheway,thepatienthadtorisk5(lose)hislifeontheway.Eachlifeontheearthisimportant,whetheritisahumanbeingorananimal.Whatwillbethedifferenceifwethink6(much)ofothersthan