馬王堆二、三號漢墓發(fā)掘的主要收獲

馬王堆二、三號漢墓發(fā)掘的主要收獲一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在深入探討1972年至1974年間，位于中國湖南省長沙市東郊馬王堆的三號漢墓的發(fā)掘過程及其主要收獲。馬王堆漢墓因其豐富的出土文物和獨特的墓葬結(jié)構(gòu)，成為了中國考古史上的一次重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。此次發(fā)掘不僅揭示了漢代社會的物質(zhì)文化面貌，也為研究漢代歷史、文化、藝術(shù)、科技等方面提供了寶貴的實物資料。本文將概述馬王堆三號漢墓的發(fā)掘過程，總結(jié)其主要收獲，并對這些收獲在學術(shù)研究和文化傳承上的重要意義進行評述。ThisarticleaimstoexploreindepththeexcavationprocessandmainachievementsoftheNo.3HanTomblocatedintheeasternsuburbsofChangshaCity,HunanProvince,Chinafrom1972to1TheMawangduiHanTombhasbecomeamajordiscoveryinthehistoryofChinesearchaeologyduetoitsrichexcavatedculturalrelicsanduniquetombstructure.ThisexcavationnotonlyrevealedthematerialandculturallandscapeofHansociety,butalsoprovidedvaluablephysicalmaterialsforthestudyofHanhistory,culture,art,technology,andotheraspects.ThisarticlewillprovideanoverviewoftheexcavationprocessoftheNo.3HanTombinMawangdui,summarizeitsmaingains,andevaluatetheimportantsignificanceofthesegainsinacademicresearchandculturalinheritance.馬王堆三號漢墓的發(fā)掘工作是在周密的計劃和科學的方法指導(dǎo)下進行的。考古隊員們克服了諸多困難，通過細致的田野調(diào)查和精密的實驗室分析，逐步揭示了這兩座墓葬的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和埋葬內(nèi)容。發(fā)掘過程中，出土了大量的隨葬品，包括絲綢、漆器、陶器、銅器、帛書等各類文物，這些文物的數(shù)量之多、品種之豐富、保存之完好，都堪稱罕見。TheexcavationworkofHanTombNo.3inMawangduiwascarriedoutundercarefulplanningandscientificmethodguidance.Thearchaeologistsovercamemanydifficultiesandgraduallyrevealedtheinternalstructureandburialcontentofthesetwotombsthroughmeticulousfieldinvestigationsandpreciselaboratoryanalysis.Duringtheexcavationprocess,alargenumberofburialobjectswereunearthed,includingvariousculturalrelicssuchassilk,lacquerware,pottery,bronzeware,silkbooks,etc.Theseculturalrelicsarerareinquantity,variety,andwellpreserved.通過對這些文物的整理和研究，我們得以窺見漢代社會的繁榮景象和豐富多彩的文化內(nèi)涵。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)也為我們理解漢代人們的生活方式、信仰習俗、藝術(shù)審美等提供了直觀的證據(jù)。馬王堆漢墓的發(fā)掘還在墓葬制度、文物保護和科技考古等方面取得了重要的突破和進展。Throughtheorganizationandstudyoftheseculturalrelics,weareabletoglimpsetheprosperoussceneandrichculturalconnotationsofHanDynastysociety.Thesefindingsalsoprovideintuitiveevidenceforustounderstandthelifestyle,beliefs,customs,andartisticaestheticsoftheHanDynastypeople.TheexcavationoftheMawangduiHanTombhasmadesignificantbreakthroughsandprogressintombsystem,culturalrelicprotection,andscientificarchaeology.本文將對馬王堆三號漢墓發(fā)掘的主要收獲進行系統(tǒng)的梳理和評述，以期能夠更全面地展示這次發(fā)掘的歷史意義和文化價值。我們也希望通過本文的闡述，能夠引起更多學者和公眾對漢代文化和考古工作的關(guān)注和興趣。ThisarticlewillsystematicallyreviewandevaluatethemainachievementsoftheexcavationoftheNo.3HanTombinMawangdui,inordertomorecomprehensivelydemonstratethehistoricalsignificanceandculturalvalueofthisexcavation.Wealsohopethatthroughtheexpositioninthisarticle,morescholarsandthepubliccanpayattentiontoandbeinterestedinHanDynastycultureandarchaeologicalwork.二、墓葬結(jié)構(gòu)與布局Tombstructureandlayout馬王堆三號漢墓的結(jié)構(gòu)與布局，為我們揭示了西漢時期貴族墓葬的鮮明特色。這兩座墓葬均采用了木槨結(jié)構(gòu)，槨室龐大而復(fù)雜，由數(shù)十根粗細不等的杉木構(gòu)成，其設(shè)計之精巧，構(gòu)造之復(fù)雜，都顯示了西漢時期高超的建筑技術(shù)。墓葬的布局則遵循了古代傳統(tǒng)的中軸線對稱原則，槨室、墓道、耳室等都嚴格按照中軸線布局，體現(xiàn)了古代墓葬的嚴謹和規(guī)整。ThestructureandlayoutoftheNo.3HanTombinMawangduirevealthedistinctcharacteristicsofaristocratictombsduringtheWesternHanDynasty.Thesetwotombsbothadoptawoodencoffinstructure,withalargeandcomplexchambercomposedofdozensofcedartreesofvaryingthicknesses.TheexquisitedesignandcomplexconstructiondemonstratetheadvancedarchitecturaltechniquesoftheWesternHanDynasty.Thelayoutoftombsfollowsthetraditionalprincipleofsymmetricalcentralaxisinancienttimes,withtheouterchambers,tombpassages,andearchambersstrictlyarrangedaccordingtothecentralaxis,reflectingtherigorandregularityofancienttombs.馬王堆二號墓的結(jié)構(gòu)尤為引人注目，其槨室分為四層，每一層都有不同的功能和布局。槨室內(nèi)部設(shè)有多個耳室，用于放置隨葬品，反映了當時貴族生活的豐富多樣。同時，墓葬中還有多個小型的陪葬坑，出土了大量的陶器、漆器、銅器等隨葬品，這些隨葬品不僅數(shù)量眾多，而且種類繁多，為我們了解西漢時期的社會生活提供了寶貴的實物資料。ThestructureofTombNo.2inMawangduiisparticularlyeye-catching,withitschambersdividedintofourlevels,eachwithdifferentfunctionsandlayouts.Theinteriorofthecoffinchamberisequippedwithmultipleearchambersforplacingburialobjects,reflectingtherichanddiverselifeofthenobilityatthattime.Atthesametime,therearemultiplesmallaccompanyingburialpitsinthetomb,whichhaveunearthedalargenumberofpottery,lacquerware,bronzewareandotheraccompanyingburialobjects.Theseaccompanyingburialobjectsarenotonlynumerousbutalsodiverse,providingvaluablephysicalinformationforustounderstandthesociallifeoftheWesternHanDynasty.馬王堆三號墓的結(jié)構(gòu)與二號墓相似，但規(guī)模稍小。墓葬的布局同樣嚴謹，中軸線對稱的原則得到了很好的體現(xiàn)。墓葬中出土的隨葬品也極為豐富，包括大量的漆器、銅器、玉器等，這些隨葬品的精美程度和制作工藝都顯示了西漢時期的高超技藝。ThestructureofMawangduiTombNo.3issimilartoTombNo.2,butitsscaleisslightlysmaller.Thelayoutoftombsisalsorigorous,andtheprincipleofsymmetricalcentralaxisiswellreflected.Theburialobjectsunearthedintombsarealsoextremelyrich,includingalargenumberoflacquerware,bronzeware,jadeware,etc.TheexquisitelevelandproductionprocessoftheseburialobjectsalldemonstratethesuperbskillsoftheWesternHanDynasty.通過對馬王堆三號漢墓的結(jié)構(gòu)與布局的深入研究，我們可以更加深入地了解西漢時期貴族墓葬的特點和風格，也可以進一步揭示當時社會的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等方面的信息。這些墓葬的發(fā)掘，無疑為我們提供了寶貴的歷史資料和重要的研究價值。Throughin-depthresearchonthestructureandlayoutoftheNo.3HanTombinMawangdui,wecangainadeeperunderstandingofthecharacteristicsandstylesofaristocratictombsduringtheWesternHanDynasty,andfurtherrevealinformationonthepolitical,economic,cultural,andotheraspectsofsocietyatthattime.Theexcavationofthesetombsundoubtedlyprovidesuswithvaluablehistoricaldataandimportantresearchvalue.三、出土文物與器物Excavatedculturalrelicsandartifacts馬王堆三號漢墓的發(fā)掘，為我們展示了西漢初期貴族階層豐富而精致的文物與器物，這些出土文物不僅種類繁多，而且保存完好，為我們研究西漢時期的社會文化、生活習俗以及工藝技術(shù)提供了寶貴的實物資料。TheexcavationofHanTombNo.3inMawangduishowcasestherichandexquisiteculturalrelicsandartifactsofthearistocraticclassintheearlyWesternHanDynasty.Theseunearthedculturalrelicsarenotonlydiversebutalsowellpreserved,providingvaluablephysicalmaterialsforustostudythesocialculture,livingcustoms,andcraftsmanshipoftheWesternHanDynasty.墓葬中出土了大量精美的漆器，這些漆器造型各異，色彩鮮艷，工藝精湛，展現(xiàn)了西漢時期漆器工藝的卓越成就。同時，出土的青銅器也是種類繁多，包括鼎、壺、鏡、帶鉤等，這些青銅器不僅造型別致，而且制作精細，反映了當時青銅器制作的高超水平。Alargenumberofexquisitelacquerwarewereunearthedfromthetombs,withvariousshapes,brightcolors,andexquisitecraftsmanship,showcasingtheoutstandingachievementsoflacquerwarecraftsmanshipduringtheWesternHanDynasty.Atthesametime,awidevarietyofbronzeartifactswereunearthed,includingtripods,pots,mirrors,hooks,etc.Thesebronzeartifactsnotonlyhaduniqueshapesbutalsowerefinelycrafted,reflectingthesuperblevelofbronzeproductionatthattime.墓葬中還出土了大量的帛書、帛畫和簡牘等文獻資料，這些文獻資料為我們了解西漢時期的歷史文化提供了重要的文字證據(jù)。帛書和簡牘上記錄著各種歷史事件、法律條文、醫(yī)學著作以及天文歷法等內(nèi)容，為我們揭示了西漢時期的社會風貌和文化內(nèi)涵。Alargenumberofsilkbooks,paintings,andbambooslipswerealsounearthedfromthetombs,providingimportanttextualevidenceforourunderstandingofthehistoricalandculturalcontextoftheWesternHanDynasty.Silkbooksandbambooslipsrecordvarioushistoricalevents,legalprovisions,medicalworks,astronomyandcalendars,revealingthesocialstyleandculturalconnotationsoftheWesternHanDynasty.值得一提的是，墓葬中還出土了大量的絲織品和衣物，這些絲織品質(zhì)地優(yōu)良，圖案精美，展現(xiàn)了西漢時期絲織業(yè)的發(fā)達程度。衣物上的刺繡和織花技藝也展現(xiàn)了當時高超的紡織技術(shù)。Itisworthmentioningthatalargenumberofsilkfabricsandclothingwereunearthedfromthetombs.Thesesilkfabricshaveexcellentqualityandexquisitepatterns,showcasingthelevelofdevelopmentofthesilkindustryduringtheWesternHanDynasty.Theembroideryandweavingtechniquesonclothingalsodemonstratedthesuperbtextiletechniquesofthattime.馬王堆三號漢墓出土的文物與器物種類繁多，數(shù)量龐大，為我們研究西漢時期的社會文化、生活習俗以及工藝技術(shù)提供了寶貴的實物資料。這些出土文物不僅展示了西漢時期貴族階層的奢華生活，也為我們揭示了當時社會文化的繁榮與發(fā)展。TheculturalrelicsandartifactsunearthedfromtheNo.3HanTombinMawangduiarediverseandnumerous,providingvaluablephysicalmaterialsforustostudythesocialculture,customs,andcraftsmanshipoftheWesternHanDynasty.TheseunearthedculturalrelicsnotonlyshowcasetheluxuriouslifeofthearistocraticclassduringtheWesternHanDynasty,butalsorevealtoustheprosperityanddevelopmentofsocialcultureatthattime.四、墓葬壁畫與文字資料Tombmuralsandtextualmaterials馬王堆三號漢墓中的壁畫與文字資料，為我們揭示了西漢時期的文化、藝術(shù)和社會生活面貌，是這次發(fā)掘的重要收獲之一。ThemuralsandtextualmaterialsintheNo.3HanTombinMawangduirevealtousthecultural,artistic,andsociallifeoftheWesternHanDynasty,whichisoneoftheimportantachievementsofthisexcavation.墓葬中的壁畫以其豐富的內(nèi)容和生動的表現(xiàn)手法，為我們展現(xiàn)了西漢時期貴族生活的縮影。壁畫中描繪了宴飲、歌舞、車馬出行、狩獵、天象圖等多種場景，展現(xiàn)了當時貴族生活的奢華與多彩。壁畫中的人物形象、服飾、建筑等細節(jié)，也為我們提供了研究西漢時期藝術(shù)風格、社會風俗的重要實物資料。Themuralsintombs,withtheirrichcontentandvividexpressivetechniques,showcaseamicrocosmofthenoblelifeduringtheWesternHanDynasty.Themuralsdepictvariousscenessuchasbanquets,singinganddancing,chariotsandhorsestraveling,hunting,andcelestialimagery,showcasingtheluxuriousandcolorfullifeofthenobilityatthattime.Thecharacterimages,costumes,andarchitecturaldetailsinthemuralsalsoprovideuswithimportantphysicalmaterialsforstudyingtheartisticstyleandsocialcustomsoftheWesternHanDynasty.墓葬中出土的文字資料，包括帛書、簡牘等，是這次發(fā)掘的另一大亮點。這些文字資料內(nèi)容豐富，涵蓋了哲學、歷史、醫(yī)學、天文、歷法等多個領(lǐng)域，為我們了解西漢時期的文化、思想、科技等方面提供了寶貴的資料。特別是其中一些失傳已久的古籍，如《老子》《易經(jīng)》等，對于研究中國古代文化具有極高的價值。Thetextualmaterialsunearthedfromthetomb,includingsilkbooks,bambooslips,etc.,areanotherhighlightofthisexcavation.Thesetextualmaterialsarerichincontent,coveringmultiplefieldssuchasphilosophy,history,medicine,astronomy,andcalendar,providingvaluableinformationforustounderstandtheculture,ideology,technology,andotheraspectsoftheWesternHanDynasty.Especiallysomeofthelonglostancientbooks,suchasLaoziandtheBookofChanges,haveextremelyhighvalueforstudyingancientChineseculture.這些文字資料的保存狀況良好，字跡清晰，為我們提供了研究西漢時期書法藝術(shù)的重要材料。從字跡中可以看出，西漢時期的書法已經(jīng)具備了較高的藝術(shù)水平，既有規(guī)矩嚴謹?shù)淖瓡灿辛鲿匙匀坏碾`書，展現(xiàn)了書法藝術(shù)的獨特魅力。Thesetextualmaterialsarewellpreservedandhaveclearhandwriting,providinguswithimportantmaterialsforstudyingthecalligraphyartoftheWesternHanDynasty.Fromthehandwriting,itcanbeseenthatcalligraphyduringtheWesternHanDynastyhadalreadyreachedahighlevelofartisticproficiency,withbothstrictandregulatedsealscriptandsmoothandnaturalclericalscript,showcasingtheuniquecharmofcalligraphyart.馬王堆三號漢墓中的壁畫與文字資料，為我們揭示了西漢時期的文化、藝術(shù)和社會生活面貌，是研究西漢歷史文化的重要實物資料。它們的發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅豐富了我們對西漢時期的認識，也為我們研究中國古代文化提供了寶貴的材料。ThemuralsandtextualmaterialsintheNo.3HanTombinMawangduirevealtousthecultural,artistic,andsociallifeoftheWesternHanDynasty,andareimportantphysicalmaterialsforstudyingthehistoryandcultureoftheWesternHanDynasty.TheirdiscoverynotonlyenrichedourunderstandingoftheWesternHanDynasty,butalsoprovidedvaluablematerialsforourstudyofancientChineseculture.五、科學研究與發(fā)現(xiàn)Scientificresearchanddiscovery馬王堆三號漢墓的發(fā)掘，不僅為我們揭示了西漢初期貴族生活的奢華與精致，更在科學研究與發(fā)現(xiàn)上取得了重大的突破。在三號墓中出土的大量隨葬品中，保存了許多珍貴的文獻資料，如帛書、帛畫等，這些文獻資料為我們了解西漢初期的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、科技等方面提供了寶貴的資料。TheexcavationofHanTombNo.3inMawangduinotonlyrevealedtheluxuryanddelicacyofaristocraticlifeintheearlyWesternHanDynasty,butalsomadesignificantbreakthroughsinscientificresearchanddiscovery.AmongthelargenumberofburialobjectsunearthedinTombNo.3,therearemanypreciousliteraturematerialspreserved,suchassilkbooks,silkpaintings,etc.Theseliteraturematerialsprovidevaluableinformationforustounderstandthepolitics,economy,culture,technology,andotheraspectsoftheearlyWesternHanDynasty.其中，帛書的發(fā)現(xiàn)尤為引人矚目。這些帛書內(nèi)容涉及天文、歷法、數(shù)學、醫(yī)學、軍事、哲學等多個領(lǐng)域，其中不少內(nèi)容是對現(xiàn)有歷史文獻的重要補充，甚至有一些內(nèi)容是前所未見的，對于我們重新審視和理解西漢初期的科技水平和社會文化具有極高的價值。Amongthem,thediscoveryofsilkbooksisparticularlynoteworthy.Thesesilkbookscovermultiplefieldssuchasastronomy,calendar,mathematics,medicine,military,philosophy,etc.Manyofthemareimportantsupplementstoexistinghistoricaldocuments,andevensomecontentisunprecedented.Theyhaveextremelyhighvalueforustore-examineandunderstandthetechnologicallevelandsocialcultureoftheearlyWesternHanDynasty.通過對墓葬內(nèi)出土物品的科學分析，我們還對西漢初期的物質(zhì)文化有了更為深入的了解。例如，通過對墓葬內(nèi)出土的青銅器、玉器、漆器等進行材料分析和工藝研究，我們可以了解到當時金屬冶煉、玉石加工、漆器制作等手工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展狀況。對墓葬內(nèi)出土的人骨、動物骨骼等進行體質(zhì)人類學和動物考古學的研究，我們還可以了解到當時人類和動物的體質(zhì)特征、健康狀況以及生活環(huán)境等信息。Throughscientificanalysisoftheuneartheditemsintombs,wehavegainedadeeperunderstandingofthematerialcultureoftheearlyWesternHanDynasty.Forexample,byconductingmaterialanalysisandtechnologicalresearchonthebronze,jade,lacquerware,andotherartifactsunearthedfromtombs,wecanunderstandthedevelopmentstatusofhandicrafttechnologiessuchasmetalsmelting,jadeprocessing,andlacquerwareproductionatthattime.Throughthestudyofphysicalanthropologyandanimalarchaeologyonhumanandanimalbonesunearthedfromtombs,wecanalsogaininformationonthephysicalcharacteristics,healthstatus,andlivingenvironmentofhumansandanimalsatthattime.馬王堆三號漢墓的發(fā)掘在科學研究與發(fā)現(xiàn)上取得了豐碩的成果，不僅為我們提供了大量的實物資料，更推動了對西漢初期歷史文化的深入研究和認識。這些科學研究成果不僅對于歷史學、考古學、藝術(shù)學、科技史等多個學科領(lǐng)域具有重要的學術(shù)價值，也為我們更好地理解和傳承中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化提供了重要的支撐。TheexcavationoftheNo.3HanTombinMawangduihasachievedfruitfulresultsinscientificresearchanddiscovery,notonlyprovidinguswithalargeamountofphysicalmaterials,butalsopromotingin-depthresearchandunderstandingofthehistoryandcultureoftheearlyWesternHanDynasty.Thesescientificresearchachievementsnotonlyhaveimportantacademicvalueformultipledisciplinessuchashistory,archaeology,art,andhistoryofscienceandtechnology,butalsoprovideimportantsupportforustobetterunderstandandinherittheexcellenttraditionalChineseculture.六、保護與傳承ProtectionandInheritance馬王堆三號漢墓的發(fā)掘，不僅揭示了西漢初期的社會風貌和文化底蘊，同時也為我們留下了豐富而寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。對于這些珍貴的文物和墓葬，保護與傳承顯得尤為重要。TheexcavationofHanTombNo.3inMawangduinotonlyrevealedthesocialstyleandculturalheritageoftheearlyWesternHanDynasty,butalsoleftuswithrichandvaluableculturalheritage.Forthesepreciousculturalrelicsandtombs,protectionandinheritanceareparticularlyimportant.在保護方面，我們采用了多種技術(shù)手段，確保文物的安全和完整。通過高科技手段對墓葬進行全方位的監(jiān)測，防止自然環(huán)境對墓葬的侵害。對出土文物進行精細的修復(fù)和保養(yǎng)，盡可能恢復(fù)其原貌，為后人留下更加真實的歷史見證。我們還建立了完善的文物保管制度，確保每一件文物都能得到妥善的保存和管理。Intermsofprotection,wehaveadoptedvarioustechnologicalmeanstoensurethesafetyandintegrityofculturalrelics.Throughhigh-techmeans,comprehensivemonitoringoftombsiscarriedouttopreventdamagefromthenaturalenvironment.Thoroughlyrestoreandmaintaintheunearthedculturalrelics,restoringtheiroriginalappearanceasmuchaspossible,andleavingamoreauthentichistoricalwitnessforfuturegenerations.Wehavealsoestablishedacomprehensiveculturalrelicpreservationsystemtoensurethateveryculturalrelicisproperlypreservedandmanaged.在傳承方面，我們注重將馬王堆漢墓的文化價值傳遞給更多的人。通過舉辦展覽、出版專著、開展學術(shù)研討等形式，讓更多的人了解馬王堆漢墓的歷史背景和文化內(nèi)涵。我們還積極推動漢墓文化的教育和普及工作，讓更多的人能夠親身感受到漢文化的魅力。Intermsofinheritance,wefocusonconveyingtheculturalvalueoftheMawangduiHanTombtomorepeople.Byorganizingexhibitions,publishingmonographs,andconductingacademicdiscussions,morepeoplecanunderstandthehistoricalbackgroundandculturalconnotationsoftheMawangduiHanTomb.WealsoactivelypromotetheeducationandpopularizationofHantombculture,sothatmorepeoplecanpersonallyexperiencethecharmofHanculture.馬王堆三號漢墓的發(fā)掘不僅為我們揭示了西漢初期的歷史風貌，也為我們留下了豐富而寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。在未來的工作中，我們將繼續(xù)加強文物的保護和傳承工作，讓更多的人能夠了解并珍視這份寶貴的歷史遺產(chǎn)。TheexcavationofHanTombNo.3inMawangduinotonlyrevealedthehistoricalstyleoftheearlyWesternHanDynasty,butalsoleftuswithrichandvaluableculturalheritage.Infuturework,wewillcontinuetostrengthentheprotectionandinheritanceofculturalrelics,sothatmorepeoplecanunderstandandcherishthisprecioushistoricalheritage.七、結(jié)論Conclusion通過對馬王堆三號漢墓的深入發(fā)掘，我們獲得了豐富的歷史文物和寶貴的學術(shù)資料，進一步揭示了西漢初期長沙國貴族墓葬的豐富內(nèi)涵和獨特價值。此次發(fā)掘的主要收獲不僅體現(xiàn)在出土文物的數(shù)量與種類上，更在于這些文物所蘊含的歷史信息和文化內(nèi)涵。Throughin-depthexcavationoftheNo.3HanTombinMawangdui,wehaveobtainedrichhistoricalrelicsandvaluableacademicmaterials,furtherrevealingtherichconnotationsanduniquevaluesofthenobletombsinChangshaduringtheearlyWesternHanDynasty.Themainharvestofthisexcavationisnotonlyreflectedinthequantityandtypesofunearthedculturalrelics,butalsointhehistoricalinformationandculturalconnotationscontainedintheserelics.在出土文物方面，三號漢墓中出土的絲織品、帛書、帛畫等遺物，為我們提供了關(guān)于西漢時期紡織、書寫、繪畫等手工藝的珍貴實物資料。這些文物的制作工藝和風格，反映了當時社會的審美觀念和技術(shù)水平，對于我們了解西漢時期的手工業(yè)發(fā)展狀況具有重要的參考價值。Intermsofunearthedculturalrelics,thesilkfabrics,silkbooks,silkpaintingsandotherrelicsunearthedfromTombNo.3oftheHanDynastyprovideuswithpreciousphysicalmaterialsabouthandicraftssuchastextiles,writing,andpainti