中國譯協(xié)《中國翻譯》編輯部將舉辦第二十二屆韓素音青年

中國譯協(xié)《中國翻譯》編輯部將舉辦第二十二屆“韓素音青年翻譯獎”競賽參賽券（請沿虛線剪下，貼在譯文前加的封面上）（參賽券復(fù)印有效）－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－姓

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參賽原文：英譯漢原文HiddenWithinTechnology’sEmpire,aRepublicofLettersWhenIwasaboy“discoveringliterature”,IusedtothinkhowwonderfulitwouldbeifeveryotherpersononthestreetwerefamiliarwithProustandJoyceorT.E.LawrenceorPasternakandKafka.LaterIlearnedhowrefractorytohighculturethedemocraticmasseswere.LincolnasayoungfrontiersmanreadPlutarch,ShakespeareandtheBible.ButthenhewasLincoln.LaterwhenIwastravelingintheMidwestbycar,busandtrain,Iregularlyvisitedsmall-townlibrariesandfoundthatreadersinKeokuk,Iowa,orBentonHarbor,Mich.,werecheckingoutProustandJoyceandevenSvevoandAndreiBiely.D.H.Lawrencewasalsoafavorite.AndsometimesIrememberedthatGodwaswillingtospareSodomforthesakeof10oftherighteous.NotthatKeokukwasanythinglikewickedSodom,orthatProustFormanydecadesnowIhavebeenafictionwriter,andfromthefirstIwasawarethatminewasaquestionableoccupation.Inthe1930’sanelderlyneighborinChicagotoldmethathewrotefictionforthepulps.“ThepeopleontheblockwonderwhyIdon’tgotoajob,andI’mseenputteringaround,trimmingthebushesorpaintingafenceinsteadofworkinginafactory.ButI’mawriter.IselltoArgosyandDocSavage,”hesaidwithacertaingloom.“Theywouldn’tcallthatatrade.”Fromthefirst,too,Ihadbeenwarnedthatthenovelwasatthepointofdeath,thatlikethewalledcityorthecrossbow,itwasathingofthepast.Andnoonelikestobeatoddswithhistory.OswaldSpengler,oneofthemostwidelyreadauthorsoftheearly30’Inrefusingtobeobsolete,youchallengedanddefiedtheevolutionisthistorians.IhadgreatrespectforSpenglerinmyyouth,buteventhenIcouldn’taccepthisconclusions,and(withrespectandadmiration)Imentallytoldhimtogetlost.Sixtyyearslater,inarecentissueofTheWallStreetJournal,IcomeupontheoldSpenglerianargumentinacontemporaryform.TerryTeachout,unlikeSpengler,doesnotdumpparalyzingmountainsofhistoricaltheoryuponus,buttherearesignsthathehasweighed,siftedandponderedtheevidence.Hespeaksofour“atomizedculture,”andhisisaresponsible,up-to-dateandcarefullyconsideredopinion.Hespeaksof“artformsastechnologies.”Hetellsusthatmovieswillsoonbe“downloadable”—thatis,transferablefromonecomputertothememoryofanotherdevice—andpredictsthatfilmswillsoonbemarketedlikebooks.Hepredictsthatthenear-magicalpowersoftechnologyarebringingustothethresholdofanewageandconcludes,“Oncethishappens,myguessisthattheindependentmoviewillreplacethenovelastheprincipalvehicleforseriousstorytellinginthe21stcentury.”Insupportofthisargument,Mr.Teachoutcitestheominousdropinthevolumeofbooksalesandthegreatincreaseinmovieattendance:“ForAmericansundertheageof30,filmhasreplacedthenovelasthedominantmodeofartisticexpression.”TothisMr.TeachoutaddsthatpopularnovelistslikeTomClancyandStephenKing“topoutataroundamillioncopiesperbook,”andnotes,“ThefinalepisodeofNBC’s‘Cheers,’bycontrast,wasseenby42millionpeople.”O(jiān)nmajoritariangrounds,themovieswin.“Thepowerofnovelstoshapethenationalconversationhasdeclined,”saysMr.Teachout.ButIamnotatallcertainthatintheirday“Moby-Dick”or“TheScarletLetter”hadanyconsiderableinfluenceon“thenationalconversation.”Inthemid-19thcenturyitwas“UncleTom’sCabin”thatimpressedthegreatpublic.“Moby-Dick”wasasmall-publicnovel.Theliterarymasterpiecesofthe20thcenturywereforthemostparttheworkofnovelistswhohadnolargepublicinmind.ThenovelsofProustandJoycewerewritteninaculturaltwilightandwerenotintendedtobereadundertheblazeanddazzleofpopularity.Mr.Teachout’sarticleinTheJournalfollowsthepathgenerallytakenbyobserverswhoseaimistodiscoveratrend.“Accordingtoonerecentstudy55percentofAmericansspendlessthan30minutesreadinganythingatall....ItmayevenbethatmovieshavesupersedednovelsnotbecauseAmericanshavegrowndumberbutbecausethenovelisanobsoleteartistictechnology.”“Wearenotaccustomedtothinkingofartformsastechnologies,”hesays,“butthatiswhattheyare,whichmeanstheyhavebeenrenderedmoribundbynewtechnicaldevelopments.”Togetherwiththisemphasisontechnicsthatattractsthescientific-mindedyoung,thereareotherpreferencesdiscernible:Itisbettertodoasamajorityofyourcontemporariesaredoing,bettertobeoneofmillionsviewingafilmthanoneofmerethousandsreadingabook.Moreover,thereaderreadsinsolitude,whereastheviewerbelongstoagreatmajority;hehaspowersofnumerosityaswellasthepowersofmechanization.Addtothistheimportanceofavoidingtechnologicalobsolescenceandtheattractionoffeelingthattechnicswilldecidequestionsforusmoredependablythanthethinkingofanindividual,nomatterhowdistinctivehemaybe.JohnCheevertoldmelongagothatitwashisreaderswhokepthimgoing,peoplefromeverypartofthecountrywhohadwrittentohim.Whenhewasatwork,hewasawareofthesereadersandcorrespondentsinthewoodsbeyondthelawn.“IfIcouldn’tpicturethem,I’dbesunk,”hesaid.AndthenovelistWrightMorris,urgingmetogetanelectrictypewriter,saidthatheseldomturnedhismachineoff.“WhenI’mnotwriting,Ilistentotheelectricity,”hesaid.“Itkeepsmecompany.Wehaveconversations.”IwonderhowMr.Teachoutmightsquaresuchidiosyncrasieswithhis“artformsastechnologies.”Perhapshewouldarguethatthesetwowritershadsomehowisolatedthemselvesfrom“broad-basedculturalinfluence.”Mr.Teachouthasatleastonelaudablepurpose:HethinksthatheseesawaytobringtogethertheGreatPublicofthemovieswiththeSmallPublicofthehighbrows.Heis,however,interestedinmillions:millionsofdollars,millionsofreaders,millionsofviewers.Theonething“everybody”doesisgotothemovies,Mr.Teachoutsays.Howrightheis.Backinthe20’schildrenbetweentheagesof8and12lineduponSaturdaystobuytheirnickelticketstoseethecrisisoflastSaturdayresolved.Theheroinewasuntiedinamatterofsecondsjustbeforethelocomotivewouldhavecrushedher.Thencameanewepisode;andafterthatthenewsreeland“OurGang.”FinallytherewasawesternwithTomMix,oraJanetGaynorpictureaboutayoungbrideandherhusbandblissfulintheattic,orGloriaSwansonandThedaBaraorWallaceBeeryorAdolpheMenjouorMarieDressler.AndofcoursetherewasCharlieChaplinin“TheGoldRush,”andfrom“TheGoldRush”Therewasnorivalrythenbetweentheviewerandthereader.Nobodysupervisedourreading.Wewereonourown.Wecivilizedourselves.Wefoundormadeamentalandimaginativelife.Becausewecouldread,welearnedalsotowrite.Itdidnotconfusemetosee“TreasureIsland”inthemoviesandthenreadthebook.Therewasnocompetitionforourattention.OneofthemoreattractiveodditiesoftheUnitedStatesisthatourminoritiesaresonumerous,sohuge.Aminorityofmillionsisnotatallunusual.ButthereareinfactmillionsofliterateAmericansinastateofseparationfromothersoftheirkind.Theyare,ifyoulike,thereadersofCheever,acrowdofthemtoolargetobehiddeninthewoods.Departmentsofliteratureacrossthecountryhavenotsucceededinalienatingthemfrombooks,worksoldandnew.MyfriendKeithBotsfordandIfeltstronglythatifthewoodswerefilledwithreadersgoneastray,amongthosereaderstherewereprobablywritersaswell.TolearnindetailoftheirexistenceyouhaveonlytopublishamagazinelikeTheRepublicofLetters.Givenencouragement,unknownwriters,formerlywithouthope,materialize.Oneearlyreaderwrotethatourpaper,“withitscontentssofresh,person-to-person,”was“real,non-synthetic,undistracting.”Notingthattherewerenoads,sheasked,“Isitpossible,canitlast?”andcalledit“anantidotetotheshrinkingofthehumanbeingineveryoneofus.”Andtowardtheendofherletterourcorrespondentadded,“Itbehoovestheeldergenerationtocomeupwithremindersofwhoweusedtobeandneedtobe.”ThisiswhatKeithBotsfordandIhadhopedthatour“tabloidforliterates”wouldbe.Andfortwoyearsithasbeenjustthat.Weareapairofutopiancodgerswhofeelwehaveadutytoliterature.Ihopewearenotlikethosehumanedo-gooderswho,whenthehorsewasvanishing,stilldonatedtroughsinCityHallSquareforthirstynags.Wehavenowayofguessinghowmanyindependent,self-initiatedconnoisseursandloversofliteraturehavesurvivedinremotecornersofthecountry.Thelittleevidencewehavesuggeststhattheyaregladtofindus,theyaregrateful.Theywantmorethantheyaregetting.Ingenioustechnologyhasfailedtogivethemwhattheysobadlyneed.

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