對(duì)大自然的熱愛竟是遺傳的

名師精講外刊對(duì)大自然的熱愛竟是遺傳的？Loveofnatureisinthegenes,sayscientists名師精講外刊有人喜歡宅在家中，有人喜歡親近自然，這到底是后天養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣，還是先天的基因表達(dá)，近期有科學(xué)家對(duì)此進(jìn)行了研究。該研究是如何進(jìn)行的？運(yùn)用了怎樣的方法？得出了怎樣的結(jié)論？一起來(lái)看今天的外刊文章。課前問(wèn)題1.如何表示“同卵雙胞胎”和“異卵雙胞胎”？2.該研究最終認(rèn)為哪兩個(gè)因素影響了對(duì)大自然的熱愛？導(dǎo)讀名師精講外刊Loveofnatureisinthegenes,sayscientists名師精講外刊StudyoftwinssuggestsdesiretobeinnaturalspacesisinfluencedbygeneticfactorsAperson'sloveofnatureispartiallyinherited,alarge-scalestudyoftwinshasfound.【基礎(chǔ)解析】partialadj.1）部分的；不完全的【釋】notcompleteorwhole【例】Itwasonlyapartialsolutiontotheproblem.那只是部分地解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。2）偏向一方的，偏袒的，偏心的【釋】influencedbythefactthatyoupersonallypreferorapproveofsomething,sothatyoudonotjudgefairly【例】Thereportinginthepapersisentirelypartial.報(bào)紙上的報(bào)道完全不客觀。名師精講外刊Aperson'sloveofnatureispartiallyinherited,alarge-scalestudyoftwinshasfound.【拓展延伸】biasedadj.偏袒一方的；有偏見的【釋】showinganunreasonablelikeordislikeforapersonbasedonpersonalopinions【例】Thenewspapersgaveaverybiasedreportofthemeeting.報(bào)紙對(duì)會(huì)議的報(bào)道明顯偏袒一方。名師精講外刊ScientistsfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporestudiedhowmuchtimetwinsspentinnaturalspacescomparedwitheachotherandfoundthattheysharedasimilarlevelofdesiretobeinnature.【基礎(chǔ)解析】sharev.共有(特點(diǎn))【釋】Ifonepersonorthingsharesaqualityorcharacteristicwithanother,theyhavethesamequalityorcharacteristic.【例】Theysharedacommoninterestinbotany.他們都對(duì)植物學(xué)感興趣。精講試聽結(jié)束"Thereasonwedecidedtostudythisintwinsisthatwecouldestimateheritabilitybasedonthegeneticsimilaritiesinidenticaltwins(100%)versusgeneticsimilaritiesinnon-identicaltwins(50%),"saidChia-chenChang,wholedthestudy.【長(zhǎng)難句分析】"Thereason(賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ))wedecidedtostudythisintwins(定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主語(yǔ))is(系動(dòng)詞)thatwecouldestimateheritability(表語(yǔ)從句)basedonthegeneticsimilaritiesinidenticaltwins(100%)versusgeneticsimilaritiesinnon-identicaltwins(50%)(過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作方式狀語(yǔ)),"said(主句謂語(yǔ))Chia-chenChang(主句主語(yǔ)),wholedthestudy(定語(yǔ)從句)."Ifatrait,suchasthedesiretobeinnature,isclearlymoresimilarbetweenidenticaltwinsthannon-identicaltwins,thiswillthensuggestatraitisheritable."【基礎(chǔ)解析】traitn.（個(gè)人的）特征，特性，品質(zhì)【釋】aparticularcharacteristicthatcanproduceaparticulartypeofbehaviour【例】Hissenseofhumourisoneofhisbettertraits.具有幽默感是他更討人喜歡的特點(diǎn)之一?！就卣寡由臁匡@性性狀：dominanttrait隱性性狀：recessivetraitShesaidthatthosewholiveinurbanenvironmentswithoutaccesstonaturecouldenduphavingalesserappreciationofit,explaining:"Wedidnottestthisinourstudybutitispossiblebecausepreviousstudieshaveshownthatspendingtimeinnatureislinkedtoincreasedloveofnature."【基礎(chǔ)解析】endup最后處于；最后成為；以……告終【釋】tofinallybeinaparticularplaceorsituation【例】Afterworkingherwayaroundtheworld,sheendedupteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage.靠打工游遍世界后，她最后做了教師，教外國(guó)人學(xué)英語(yǔ)。UsingtheTwinsUKregistry,researcherssurveyed1,153pairsoftwins-identicalandnon-identical-abouthowtheyexperiencednature.Thetwinswereaskedtoratetheirfamiliaritywithanddesiretobeinnature,andhowfrequentlytheyvisitnaturalspacessuchaspublicparksandprivategardens.Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【長(zhǎng)難句分析】Thestudy(主句主語(yǔ)),publishedinPlosBiology(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)),found(主句謂語(yǔ))thatidentical(monozygotic)twins(賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)),whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes(定語(yǔ)從句，修飾identicaltwins),were(賓語(yǔ)從句系動(dòng)詞)moresimilar(賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ))toeachother(介賓短語(yǔ))intheirorientationtowardsnature(in的賓語(yǔ)1)andhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins(how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作in的賓語(yǔ)2),whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial(定語(yǔ)從句，修飾fraternaltwins).Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【基礎(chǔ)解析】orientationn.（某人的）特別喜好，價(jià)值取向，信仰觀念【釋】theparticularthingsthatapersonprefers,believes,thinks,orusuallydoes【例】Weemploypeoplewithoutregardtotheirpoliticalorsexualorientation.我們雇用人時(shí)并不考慮其政治或性取向。Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【基礎(chǔ)解析】fraternaladj.兄弟的，手足的【釋】relatingtobrothers【例】fraternalrivalry兄弟間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【拓展延伸】maternaladj.母親的；母親般的【釋】connectedwithbeingamother【例】maternalinstincts母親的天性paternaladj.父親的【釋】connectedwithbeingafather;typicalofakindfather【例】paternallove父愛However,heritabilitydeclinedwithage,perhapsshowingthatenvironmentalfactorssuchasaccesstonatureandgreenspacesbringaboutaloveoftheoutdoorsasonegrowsolder.【長(zhǎng)難句分析】However,heritability(主語(yǔ))declined(謂語(yǔ))withage,perhapsshowing(現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ))that(that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作showing的賓語(yǔ))environmentalfactors(賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ))suchasaccesstonatureandgreenspacesbringabout(賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ))aloveoftheoutdoors(賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ))asonegrowsolder(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句).Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces.【長(zhǎng)難句分析】Forthefirsttime(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),theresearcherssay(插入語(yǔ)),thisstudy(主語(yǔ))hasindicated(謂語(yǔ))whythatis(賓語(yǔ)從句)bysuggesting(方式狀語(yǔ))thereislikelytobeageneticcomponent(賓語(yǔ)從句，作suggesting的賓語(yǔ))inourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces(介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾component).Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces.【基礎(chǔ)解析】predispositionn.傾向；癖性；（易患某種病的）體質(zhì)【釋】aconditionthatmakessb/sthlikelytobehaveinaparticularwayortosufferfromaparticulardisease【例】ageneticpredispositiontoliverdisease易患肝病的遺傳體質(zhì)Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandour