初中英語語法-課件

初中英語語法被動語態(tài)2020/12/21初中英語語法被動語態(tài)2020/12/21動詞的語態(tài)1．英語中動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。例如：AtalkonsciencewillbegiveninourschoolnextMonday.下周一在我們學(xué)校將會有一場關(guān)于科學(xué)的演講。2．被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。其后的實(shí)義動詞必須為及物動詞，或“動詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的及物動詞短語。下面介紹動詞各種時態(tài)的主動、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：被動語態(tài)基本構(gòu)成：be+過去分詞被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成2020/12/22動詞的語態(tài)1．英語中動詞有兩種語態(tài)：被動語態(tài)基本構(gòu)成：be精品資料精品資料你怎么稱呼老師？如果老師最后沒有總結(jié)一節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)的難點(diǎn)，你是否會認(rèn)為老師的教學(xué)方法需要改進(jìn)？你所經(jīng)歷的課堂，是講座式還是討論式？教師的教鞭“不怕太陽曬，也不怕那風(fēng)雨狂，只怕先生罵我笨，沒有學(xué)問無顏見爹娘……”“太陽當(dāng)空照，花兒對我笑，小鳥說早早早……”初中英語語法-ppt課件精品資料2020/12/25精品資料2020/12/25你怎么稱呼老師？如果老師最后沒有總結(jié)一節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)的難點(diǎn)，你是否會認(rèn)為老師的教學(xué)方法需要改進(jìn)？你所經(jīng)歷的課堂，是講座式還是討論式？教師的教鞭“不怕太陽曬，也不怕那風(fēng)雨狂，只怕先生罵我笨，沒有學(xué)問無顏見爹娘……”“太陽當(dāng)空照，花兒對我笑，小鳥說早早早……”2020/12/262020/12/26時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞2一般過去時didwas/were+過去分詞3一般將來時will/begoingto+動詞原形will/begoingto+be+過去分詞4過去將來時would+動詞原形would+be+過去分詞5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞6過去進(jìn)行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞8過去完成時had+過去分詞had+been+過去分詞9含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表2020/12/27時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is1、TheChinesefood_____tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered

2、John__，forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.A.

wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Rooms_______.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted

一般時態(tài)：am/is/are+過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)：am/is/are+being+過去分詞過去時態(tài)：was/were+過去分詞各種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)2020/12/28一般時態(tài)：am/is/are+過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)：am/4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he

______on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool______whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe______tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)：was/were+being+過去分詞一般將來時態(tài)：will+be+過去分詞過去將來時態(tài)：would+be+過去分詞2020/12/29過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)：was/were+being+過去分詞一7、WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_____inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework__________.

A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished

9、Theprogrammes___easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：have/has+been+過去分詞過去完成時態(tài)：had+been+過去分詞情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞2020/12/210現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：have/has+been+過去分詞過去在被動語態(tài)中，主語是動作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況中：(1)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。ThiswatchismadeinChina.這塊手表是在中國制造的。(2)沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。(3)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越來越多的人說漢語。(強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語的使用廣泛)(4)句子的主語是動作的承受者。Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.許多房屋被洪水沖走了。3.被動語態(tài)的用法2020/12/211在被動語態(tài)中，主語是動作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況中：3

把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)可按“、、”來進(jìn)行。即：①變－－－把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，把主動語態(tài)的主語改為被動語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。②套－－－根據(jù)原句的時態(tài)套用相應(yīng)時態(tài)。③注意－－注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。例：①M(fèi)anypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一變二套三注意4．主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換:2020/12/212把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)可按“、[注意]①把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。且be動詞和新主語保持一致。如上例①，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。②如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞by的賓語，要用賓格。如上例②中的主語he改為him。2020/12/213[注意]2020/12/2132020/12/2142020/12/214“雙賓語”改被動語態(tài)，直接賓語(物)作主語，變被動語態(tài)后動詞pass,bring,buy,

show,send,give,cook等后要加介詞.(這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定)；把指“人”的間接賓語變主語，則不用介詞。①.Hegave

me

abook.→變直接賓語加to.變間接賓語不加

Iwasgiven

abook(byhim).Abook

wasgiven

tome(byhim).②.Heshowedmeaticket.→Iwasshown

aticket(byhim).Aticket

wasshown

tome(byhim).

③.Myfatherbought

me

anewbike.→I

wasbought

anewbike(bymyfather).Anewbike

wasbought

forme(bymyfather).

間接賓語直接賓語常見的雙賓語動詞：give,offer,pass,show,lend,send,bring,return,tell等用介詞to;buy,make(制作),mend,cook,sing,get等用for.2020/12/215“雙賓語”改被動語態(tài)，直接賓語(物)作主語，變被動語態(tài)后動詞(5)被動語態(tài)后動詞形式的選擇:

主動句中在感官動詞see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役動詞let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r應(yīng)加上不定式符號to。

Hemakesthegirlstayathome.(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))

→Thegirlismadetostayathome.

LastSundayweheardthemsingPekingOperainthetheatre.(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))

→TheywereheardtosingPekingOperainthattheatrelastSunday.2020/12/216(5)被動語態(tài)后動詞形式的選擇:

主動句中在感官動詞see使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)使役動詞makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感觀動詞seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo2020/12/217使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)使役動詞m1.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.2.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.3.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.4.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]當(dāng)使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，doing保持不變。如：

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主動)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被動)第(5)部分鞏固訓(xùn)練2020/12/218第(5)部分鞏固訓(xùn)練2020/12/2182020/12/2192020/12/219⑤.句型“主語+be+形容詞+todo”，“主語”是“不定式”的“邏輯賓語”，通常用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。這類形容詞有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dangerous,important，expensive，comfortable，impossible等。例如：Thepictureispleasanttolookat．Thechairiscomfortabletositon．Theworkisimpossibletofinish.Thequestionishardtoask.Themachineiseasytouse.

注意：當(dāng)不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞時，要根據(jù)需要補(bǔ)充相應(yīng)的介詞。Thepeniscomfortabletowritewith.

2020/12/220⑤.句型“主語+be+形容詞+todo”，“主語”是“不定⑺.無被動語態(tài)的動詞：不及物動詞或短語無被動語態(tài)，常見的有：happen,takeplace，belongto,last（持續(xù)）,breakout（爆發(fā)）

例如：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresince1990.誤：Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceheresince1990.TaiwanbelongstoChina.

Themeetinglastedtwohours.會議持續(xù)了兩小時。Whathappenedtohimlastnight?昨晚他發(fā)生了什么事？SARSbrokeoutinChinathatyear.⑻.特殊形式的被動：get/havesth.done含被動(找人做某事)Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierce、十六歲的孩子不應(yīng)該打耳洞。Ishouldgetmyshoesrepaired.Heshouldhavehishaircut.Let’sgettheworkdone.2020/12/221⑺.無被動語態(tài)的動詞：2020/12/221中考真題鏈接1.—IfeelveryhappythatI____tobethehost.—Congratulations!(07’江西)A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen2.TodayChinese________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.(07’北京)A.wasspoken

B.isspoken

C.spoke

D.speak2020/12/222中考真題鏈接1.—Ifeelveryhappyt3．(課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)考生做)(07’重慶)

—Yourhometownhaschangedalot．

—Yes.Takealookatthesetallbuildings.They______lastyear．

A.build

B．built

C.wasbuilt

D．werebuilt

(非課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)考生做)

4.—Whyistheclassroomsodirty?

—Sorry,sir.It_______yesterday．

Weforgottodoit．

A.don’tclean

B.didn’tclean

C.weren’tcleanedD.wasn’tcleaned2020/12/2233．(課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)考生做)(07’重慶)

2020/125.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考題）

AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing

6.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.(北京市中考題）Aaren’t，takeawayBtaken，awayCisn’t，takenawayDbe，takenaway7.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黃岡市中考題）wastold2020/12/224wastold2020/12/2248.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(濟(jì)南市中考題）

——————anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.變主動語態(tài)9.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeopletherelastyear.(青島市中考題）10.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm（上海市中考題）TTheysentupwereplanted

aregrown2020/12/2258.Anotherman-madesatellit11.MoreandmoreforeignersspeakChineseintheworldtoday.(08重慶)Chinese_______________bymoreandmoreforeignersintheworldnow.12.Dangerousdrivingcausesmanyaccidents,(08臨沂)Manyaccidents___________________manydangerousdriving.13.Thetwinsateupallthebananasontheplate.(08西寧)Allthebananas___________upbythetwins.14.TeacherscanusecartoonstogiveexamplesinlessonsaboutAIDS.(08濟(jì)南)Cartoons__________________togiveexamplesinlessonsaboutAIDS.

isspoken

arecausedby

wereeatencanbeused2020/12/226isspokenarecaus15.MyunclesentmeaChristmaspresentlastyear.(06重慶)AChristmaspresent_____________mebymyunclelastyear.wassentto2020/12/22715.MyunclesentmeaChristmaExercise2020/12/228Exercise2020/12/228一、用所給動詞的被動語態(tài)填空：1.

Thechildren

(allow)totakeatriptoHangzhoutomorrow.2.

Twomuseums

(set)upsincetwoyearsago.3.

Thedoctormust

(send)foratonce.4.

Areadingcontest

(hold)inthereadingroomlastweek.5.

Thewaterinthebasin(臉盆)should

(notuse)towashyourface.6.AtthatmomentIsawher__________(take)totheoperatingroom(手術(shù)室).7.

Attheaward-givingmeeting(頒獎大會),they

(give)thefirstprize.8.

Mywatchdoesn’tworknow.It

(repair)intheshop.are/wereallowedwereset

notbeused

takenweregiven

isbeingrepaired

besentwasheld2020/12/229一、用所給動詞的被動語態(tài)填空：1.

Thechildren9.

Thesebottlesshouldn’t

(throw)away.Theycanstill

(recycle)insomeway.10.Allkindsofvegetables

(carry)tothecitiesbytruckseverymorning.11.

Afterthebuildingofthenewhouse

(finish),acelebration

(hold).12.

Shedoesn’twant

(ask)inclass.13.

French

(notteach)inthisschoollastterm.14.

Ihavethoughtofseveralroblems

(discuss)atthemeeting.15.Thebabies

(take)goodcareofbyagroupofbiggirls.16.Thisbook

(write)byafamouswriterabout50yearsago.17.Whethertogo

(notdecide)yet.18.

Agoodsuggestion

just

(offer)byayoungteacher.

bethrownberecycledarecarriedwasfinished

washeld

tobeasked

wasnottaughttobediscussedarebeing/weretakenwaswritten

hasn’tbeendecided

beenoffered

has2020/12/2309.

Thesebottlesshouldn’t

二、改寫句子：1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._______________________byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenApictureisbeingdrawnYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten2020/12/231二、改寫句子：TreesareplantedThele7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook.__________________________toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._________________herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_________________________Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesn’tlethersonswimintheriver._______________________intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear.__________________thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_____________________byher?ThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisn’tlettoswimTheywerebuildingIsthesongoftensung2020/12/2327.Ihavegivenyouthenewbo

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．a(chǎn)renotkept；willhaveto

B．a(chǎn)renotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentold

B．I'vetold

C．I'mtold

D．Itold

ACA三、單項選擇2020/12/233

1.Ifcitynoises____fromi4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompleted

B.completes

C.hasbeencompleted

D.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cut

B.arecut

C.arebeingcut

D.hadbeencut

6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.wasbroken

D.hadbeenbroken

DCBC2020/12/2344.Ineedonemorestampbefor8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.had