2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試 英語(yǔ)（一）真題及答案

2024考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

There'snothingmorewelcomingthanadooropeningforyou.1theneedtobetouchedto

openorclose,automaticdoorsareessentialin2disabledaccesstobuildingsandhelping

providegeneral3tocommercialbuildings.

Self-slidingdoorsbegantoemergeasacommercialproductin1960afterbeinginventedsix

years4byAmericansDeeHortonandLewHewitl.They5asanoveltyfeature,butas

theirusehasgrown,their6haveextendedwithinourtechnologicallyadvancedworld.

Particulary7inbusylocationsorduringtimesofemergency,thedoors8crowd

managementbyreducingtheobstaclesputinpeople*sway.

9makingaccessbothinandoutofbuildingseasierforpeople,thedifferenceinthewaymany

ofthesedoorsopenhelpsreducethetotalarea10bythem.Automaticdoorsoftenopentothe

side,withthepanelsslidingacrossoneanother.Replacingswingdoors,these11smaller

buildingstomaximisetheusablespaceinsidewithouthavingto12thewayforalarge,

sticking-outdoor.Therearemanydifferenttypesofautomaticdoor,witheach13specific

signalstotellthemwhentoopen.14thesemethodsdiffer,themain15remainthesame.

Eachautomaticdoorsystem16thelight,soundweightormovementintheirvicinityasa

signaltoopen.Sensortypesarechosento17thedifferentenvironmentstheyareneeded

in.18,abusystreetmiglenot19amotion-sensoreddoor,asitwouldconstantlybe

openingforpassers-by.Apressuresensitivematwouldbemore20tolimitthesurveyedarea.

1.A.ThroughB.DespiteC.BesidesD.Without

2.A.revealingB.demandingC.improvingD.tracing

3.A.experienceB.convenienceC.guidanceD.reference

4.A.previouslyB.temporarilyC.successivelyD.eventually

5.A.heldonB.startedoutC.settleddownD.wentby

6.A.relationsB.volumesC.benefitsD.sources

7.A.usefulB.simpleC.flexibleD.stable

8.A.callforB.yieldtoC.insistonD.actas

9.A.AswellasB.IntermsofC.ThankstoD.Ratherthan

lO.A.connectedB.sharedC.representedD.occupied

1l.A.allowB.expectC.requireD.direct

12.A.adoptB.leadC.clearD.change

13.A.adaptingtoB.derivingfromC.relyingonD.pointingat

14.A.OnceB.SinceC.UnlessD.Although

15.A.recordsB.positionsC.principlesD.reasons

16.A.controlsB.analysesC.producesD.mixes

17.A.decorateB.compareC.protectD.complement

18.A.InconclusionB.BycontrastC.ForexampleD.Aboveall

1

19.A.identifyB.suitC.secureD.include

20.A.appropriateB.obviousC.impressiveD.delicate

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Nearly2000yearsago,astheRomansbegantopulloutofScotland,theyleftbehinda

curioustreasure:10tonsofnails,nearlyamillionofthethings.Thenailhoardwasdiscoveredin

1960inafour-metre-deeppitcoveredbytwometresofgravel.

WhyhadtheRomansburiedamillionnails?Thelikelyexplanationisthatthewithdrawal

wasrushed,andtheydidn'twantthelocalCaledoniansgettingtheirhandson10tonsof

weapon-gradeiron.TheRomansburiedthenailssodeepthattheywouldnotbediscoveredfor

almosttwomillennia.

Latercivilisationswouldvaluetheskilledblacksmith'slabourinanailevenmorethanthe

rawmaterial.AsRomaAgrawalexplainsinhernewdelightfulbookNutsandBolts,early

17th-centuryVirginianswouldsometimesbumdowntheirhomesiftheywereplanningtorelocate.

Thiswasanattempttorecoverthevaluablenails,whichcouldbereusedaftersiftingtheashes.

Theideathatonemightbumdownanentirehousejusttoreclaimthenailsunderlineshowscarce,

costlyandvaluablethesimple-seemingtechnologywas.

Thepriceofnailsfellby90%betweenthelate1700sandmid-1900s,aseconomistDaniel

Sichelpointsoutinaresearchpaper.AccordingtoSichel,althoughthefallingpriceofnailswas

drivenpartlybycheaperironandcheaperenergy,mostofthecreditgoestonailmanufactureswho

simplyfoundmoreefficientwaystoturnsteelintonails.

Nailsthemselveshavechangedovertheyears,butSichelstudiedthembecausetheyhaven't

changedmuch.RomanlampsandRomanchariotsareverydifferentfromLEDstripsandsports

cars,butRomannailsarestillclearlynails.Itwouldbeabsurdtotrytotrackthechangingpriceof

sportscarssince1695,buttoaskthesamequestionofnailsmakesperfectsense.

Imakenoapologyforbeingobsessedbyaparticularfeatureoftheseobjects:theirprice.I

amaneconomist,afterall.Afterwritingtwobooksaboutthehistoryofinventions,onethingPve

learntisthatwhileitistheenchantinglysophisticatedtechnologiesthatgetallthehype,ifsthe

cheaptechnologiesthatchangetheworld.

TheGutenbergprintingpresstransformedcivilisationnotbychangingthenatureofwriting

butbychangingitscost-anditwouldhaveachievedlittlewithoutaparallelcollapseinthepriceof

surfacestowriteon,thankstoanoften-overlookedtechnologycalledpaper.Solarpanelshadfew

nicheusesuntiltheybecamecheap;nowtheyaretransformingtheglobalenergysystem.

21.TheRomansburiedthenailsprobablyforthesakeof.

A.savingthemforfutureuse

B.keepingthemfromrusting

C.lettingthemgrowinvalue

D.hidingthemfromthelocals

2

22.Theexampleofearly17th-centuryVirginiansisusedto.

A.highlightthethriftinessofearlyAmericancolonists

B.illustratethehighstatusofblacksmithsinthatperiod

C.contrasttheattitudesofdifferentcivilisationstowardnails

D.showthepreciousnessofnail-makingtecnologyatthattime

23.Whatplayedthemajorroleinloweringthepriceofnailsafterthelate1700s?

A.Increasedproductivity.

B.Wideruseofnewenergies.

C.Fiercermarketcompetition.

D.Reducedcostofrawmaterials.

24.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thatnails.

A.haveundergonemanytechnologicalimprovements

B.haveremainedbasicallythesamesinceRomantimes

C.arelessstudiedthanothereverydayproducts

D.areoneoftheworld'smostsignificantinventions

25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarisesthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Cheaptechnologiesbringaboutrevolutionarychange.

B.Technologicalinnovationisintegraltoeconomicsuccess.

C.Techconolydefinespeople'sunderstandingoftheworld.

D.Sophisticatedtechnologiesdevelopfromsmallinventions.

Text2

Parentingtipsobtainedfromhunter-gatherersinAfricamaybethekeytobringingupmore

contentedchildren,researchershavesuggested.Theideaisbasedonstudiesofcommunitiessuch

astheKungofBotswana,whereeachchildiscaredforbymanyadults.Kungchildrenasyoung

asfourwillhelptolookafteryoungeronesand"baby-wearing”,inwhichinfantsarecarriedin

slings,isconsideredthenorm.

AccordingtoDrNikhilChaudhary,anevolutionaryanthropologistatCambridgeUniversity,

thesepractices,Knownasalloparenting,couldleadtolessanxietyforchildrenandparents.

DrAnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatrist,believesthattherearewaystoincorporatetheminto

westernlife.InGermany,oneschemehaspairedanoldpeople'shomewithanursery.The

residentshelptolookafterthechildren,anarrangementakintoalloparenting.Anothermeasure

couldbeencouragingfriendshipsbetweenchildrenindifferentschoolyearstomirrorthe

unsupervisedmixed-ageplaygroupsinhunter-gatherercommunities.

InapaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry,researcherssaidthat

thewesternnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionwhichfamilybrokewithevolutionaryhistory.

Thisabruptshifttoan"'intensivemotheringnarrative”,whichsuggeststhatmothersshould

managechildcarealone,waslikelytohavebeenharmful.""Suchnarrativescanleadtomaternal

exhaustionandhavedangerousconsequences,44theywrote.

Bycontrast,inhunter-gatherersocietiesadultsotherthantheparentscanprovidealmosthalf

3

ofachild'scare.OnepreviousstudylookedattheEfepeopleoftheDemocraticRepublicof

Congo.Itfoundthatinfantshadanaverageof14alloparentsadaybythetimetheywere18

weeksoldandwerepassedbetweencaregiverseighttimesanhour.

Chaudharysaidthatparentsnowhadlesschildcaresupportfromfamilyandsocialnetworks

thanduringmostofhumans*evolutionaryhistory,butintroducingadditionalcaregiverscould

reducestressandmaternaldepression,whichcouldhavea“knock-on"benefittoachild's

wellbeing.Aninfantbomtoahunter-gatherersocietycouldhavemorethantencaregivers-this

contrastsstarklytonurserysettingsintheUKwhereregulationscallforaratioofonecarertofour

childrenagedtwotothree.

Whilehunter-gathererchildrenlearntfromobservationandimitationinmixed-age

playgroups,researcherssaidthatwestern"'instructiveteaching”,wherepupilsareaskedtositstill,

maycontributetoconditionssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.Chaudharysaidthat

Britainshouldexplorethepossibilitythatoldersiblingshelpingtheirparents"mightalsoenhance

theirownsocialdevelopment.75

26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraph,alloparentingreferstothepracticeof.

A.sharingchildcareamongcommunitymembers

B.assigningbabiestospecificadultcaregivers

C.teachingparentingdetailstoolderchildren

D.carryinginfantsaroundbytheirparent

27.TheschemeinGermanyismentionedtoillustrate.

A.anattempttofacilitateintergenerationalcommunication

B.anapproachtointegratingalloparentingintowesternculture

C.theconventionalparentingstyleinwesternculture

D.thedifferencesbetweenwesternAfricanwaysofliving

28.AccordingtoParagraph4,the"intensivemotheringnarrative".

A.alleviateparentingpressure

B.consideratefamilyrelationships

C.resultsinthechild-centeredfamily

D.departsfromthecourseofevolution

29.Accordingtoparagraph6,whatcanwelearnaboutnurseryintheUK?

A.Theytendtofallshortofofficialrequirements.

B.Theyhavedifficultyfindingenoughcaregivers.

C.Theyoughttoimprovetheircarer-to-childratio.

D.Theyshouldtrytopreventparentaldepression.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?

A.Instructiveteaching:adilemmafbranxiousparents

B.Forahappierfamily,learnfromthehunter-gatherers

C.Mix-agedplaygroup,abetterchoiceforlonelychildren

D.Tracingthehistoryofparenting:fromAfricatoEurope

4

Text3

RutkowskiisaPolishdigitalartistwhousesclassicalpaintingstylestocreatedreamyfantasy

landscapes.HehasmadeillustrationsforgamessuchasSony'sHorizonForbiddenWest,

UbisofifsAnno,Dungeons&Dragons,andMagic:TheGathering.Andhe'sbecomeasuddenhit

inthenewworldoftext-to-imageAIgeneration.

Hisdistinctivestyleisnowoneofthemostcommonlyusedpromptsinthenewopen-source

AIartgeneratorStableDiffusion,whichwaslaunchedlatelastmonth.Thetool,alongwithother

popularimage-generationAImodels,allowsanyonetocreateimpressiveimagesbasedontext

prompts.Forexample,typein“Wizardwithswordandaglowingorbofmagicfirefightsafierce

dragonGregRutkowski/5andthesystemwillproducesomethingthatlooksnotamillionmiles

awayfromworksinRutkowski'sstyle.

Buttheseopen-sourceprogramsarebuiltbyscrapingimagesfromtheInternet,oftenwithout

permissionandproperattributiontoartists.Asaresult,theyareraisingtrickyquestionsabout

ethicsandcopyright.AndartistslikeRutkowskihavehadenough.

AccordingtothewebsiteLexica,whichtracksover10millionimagesandpromptsgenerated

byStableDiffusion,Rutkowski'snamehasbeenusedasapromptaround93,000times.Someof

theworld'smostfamousartists,suchasMichelangelo,PabloPicasso,andLeonardodaVinci,

broughtuparound2,000promptseachorless.Rutkowski'snamealsofeaturesasaprompt

thousandsoftimesintheDiscordofanothertext-to-imagegenerator,Midjoumey.Rutkowskiwas

initiallysurprisedbutthoughtitmightbeagoodwaytoreachnewaudiences.Thenhetried

searchingforhisnametoseeifapiecehehadworkedonhadbeenpublished.Theonlinesearch

broughtbackworkthathadhisnameattachedtoitbutwasn'this.

"It'sbeenjustamonth.Whataboutinayear?Iprobablywon'tbeabletofindmyworkout

therebecause[theinternet]willbefloodedwithAIart,“Rutkowskisays."That'sconceming.^^

“Thereisacoalitiongrowingwithinartistindustriestofigureouthowtotackleormitigatethis,“

saysOrtiz.Thegroupisinitsearlydaysofmobilization,whichcouldinvolvepushingfbrnew

policiesorregulation.OnesuggestionisthatAImodelscouldbetrainedonimagesinthepublic

domain,andAIcompaniescouldforgepartnershipswithmuseumsandartists,Ortizsays.

31.WhatcanbelearnedaboutRutkowskifromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.HeisenthusiasticaboutAIgenerationpainting.

B.HeispopularwiththeusersofanAIartgenerator.

C.Heattractsadmirationfromotherillustrators.

D.Hespecializesinclassicalpaintingdigitalization.

32.Theproblemwithopen-sourceAIartgeneratorsisthatthey

A.lackflexibilityinrespondingtoprompts

B.produceartworksinunpredictablestyles

C.makeunauthorizeduseofonlinetheages

D.cdlectuserinformationwiththatconsent.

33.Aftersearchingonline,Rutkowskifound.

A.auniquewaytoreachaudiences

5

B.anewmethodtoidentifyAlimages

C.AI-generatedworkbearinghisnare

D.heateddisputesregardinghiscapecopyright

34.AccordingtoOrtiz,Alcompaniesareadvisedto.

A.campaignfornewpoliciesorregulations

B.offertheirservicestopublicinstitutions

C.strengthentheirrelationshipswithAlusers

D.adoptadifferentstrategyforAlmodeltraining

35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Artists*responsestoAlartgeneration.

B.AFsexpandedroleinartisticcreation.

C.PrivacyissuesintheapplicationofAl.

D.OpposingviewsonAIdevelopment.

Text4

ThemiracleoftheChesapeakeBayliesnotinitsdepths,butinthecomplexityofitsnatural

construction,theinteractionoffreshandsalinewaters,andthemixoflandandwater.The

shallowsprovidehomesfbrhundredsofspecieswhilestoringfloodwaters,filteringpollutants

fromwater,andprotectingnearbycommunitiesfrompotentiallydestructivestormsurges.

Allthiswasputatgreatrisklatelastmonth,whentheU.S.SupremeCourtissuedarulingin

anidahocasethatprovidestheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)farlessauthorityto

regulatewetlandsandwaterways.Specifically,a5-4majoritydecidedthatwetlandsprotectedby

theEPAunderitsCleanWaterActauthoritymusthavea"continuoussurfaceconnection,,to

bodiesofwater.Thisnarrowingoftheregulatoryscopewasavictoryforbuilders,mining

operatorsandothercommercialinterestsoftenatoddswithenvironmentalrules.Anditcarries

"significantrepercussionsfbrwaterqualityandfloodcontrolthroughouttheUnitedStates/as

JusticeBrettKavanaughoberserved.

InMaryland,thegoodnewsisthattherearemanystatelawsinplacethatprovidewetlands

protections.Butthafsaveryshortsightedview,particularlywhenitcomestotheChesapeakeBay.

Therealityisthatwater,andthepollutantsthatsooftencomewithit,don'trespectstate

boundaries.TheChesapeakedrawsfroma64,000-square-milewatershedthatextendsinto

Virginia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,WestVirginia,theDistrictofColumbiaandDelaware.Will

thosejurisdictionsextendthesameprotectionsnowdeniesunderKavanaugh.EPA?Perhapssome,

butall?Thatseemsunlikely.Itistooeasy,andmisleading,toseesuchcourtrulingsasmerely

standingupfbrtherightsoflandownerswhentheconsequencescanbesodirefbrtheirneighbors.

AndifsareminderthattheEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBayProgramhaslongbeen

crucialasthemeanstotranscendtheinfluenceofdeep-pocketedspecialinterestsinneighboring

states.Pennsylvaniaframers,touseonetellingexample,aren'tthinkingaboutnextyear'sblue

crabharvestinMarylandwhentheydecidewhethertospendanimalwasteontheirfields,yetthe

runoffintonearbycreekscanhaveenormousimpactdownstream.

AndsowewouldcallonstatelawmakersfromRichmondtoAlbanytoconsiderreviewing

theirownwetlandsprotectionsandseeforthemselvestheenormousstakesinvolved.Wecanoffer

6

themavisittoBlackwaterNationalWildlifeRefugeinChesterCountywherebaldeaglesflyover

tidalmarshessoshallowyoucouldnotpaddleaboatacrossthembutteamingwithaquaticlife.

It'sworththescenicdrive.

36.TheChesapeakeBayisdescribedinparagraph1as.

A.avaluablenaturalenvironment

B.acontoversialconservationarea

C.aplacewithcommercialpotential

D.aheadachefornearbycommunities

37.TheU.S.SupremeCourfsruingintheIdahocase

A.reinforceswaterpollutioncontrol

B.weakenstheEPA'sregulatorypower

C.willendconflictsamonglocalresidents

D.mayfaceoppositionfromminingoperators

38.Howdoesn'ttheauthorfellaboutfutureofthechesapenkeBay?.

A.worried

B.Puzzled

C.Relieved

D.Encouraged

39.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBayProgram?

A.Ithasrestoredthebalanceamongneighboringjurisdictions.

B.Ithastriggeredaradicalreformincommercialfisheries.

C.Ithassetafineexampleofrespectingstateauthorities.

D.Ithasensuredthecoordinationofprotectionefforts.

4O.Theauthorholdsthatthestatelawmakersshould_.

A.becautiousabouttheinfluenceoflandowners

B.attachdueimportancetowetlandsprotections

C.recognizetheneedtoexpandwildliferefuges

D.improvethewellbeingofendangeredspecies

PartB

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45),Therearetwoextra

subheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

41.Hannah

Simply,therearepeopleinNigeriawhocannottraveltotheSmithsonianInstitutiontoseethatpar

toftheirhistoryandculturerepresentedbytheBeninBronzes.Theseshouldbeavailabletothem

aspartoftheirculturalheritageandhistoryandasasourceofnationalpride.Thereisnogoodrea

sonthattheseartifactsshouldbebeyondtheordinaryreachoftheeducationalobjectivesorinspira

7

tionofthegenerationstowhichtheywereleft.TheyservenopurposeinamuseumintheUnited

Statesorelsewhereexceptascuriousobjects.Theycannotbecomparedtoworksofartproducedf

orsalewhichcanbepassedfromhandtohandandplacetoplacebypurchase.

42.Buck

Weknowveryexactreproductionsofartworkcanbeandareregularlyproduced.Perhapsmuseum

sandgovernmentsmightexploresomerolefortheuseofnearlyexactreproductionsasameanso

fresolvingissuesrelatingtoreturningworksofartandantiquities.Thecontextofanyexhibitism

oreimportanttomethanwhethertheobjectbeingdisplayedis2,000yearsoldor2monthsold.In

manycasestheexpertshaveahardtimeagreeingonwhatistherealobjectandwhatisaforgery.

Again,thestoryanexhibitistryingtotelliswhatmatters.Themonetaryvalueoftheobjectsondi

splayisadistantsecondplaceinimportance.

43.Sara

WhenvisitingtheBaltimoreMuseumofArt,Icameacrossamagnificent15th-centuryChinesesc

ulpture.Itinspiredmetolearnmoreabouttheculturethatitrepresented.Artifactsinmuseumsha

vethepowertoinspire,andperhapssparkthatneedtolearnandunderstandthenatureoftheirere

ators.Havingsaidthat,Idofeelthatwhateverartifactsfindtheirwaytopublicmuseumsshould,i

nfact,besanctionedashavingbeenobtainedonloan,legallypurchased,orobtainedbytreaty.Ste

alingartifactsfromotherpeoples*culturesisobscene;itrobsnotonlythephysicalobjects,butthe

dignityandspiritoftheircreators.

44.Victor

Ancientartthatisdisplacedinforeigncountriesshouldbereturned...

45.Julia

Tothoseofyouinthecommentssection,byallmeans,whoarehavingstrongfeelingaboutartifac

tsbeingremovedfromcitiesintheUSandBritain,Iwouldaskyoutoconsider.....

A.Ifsclearthatthecountriesoforiginhaveneverbeencompensatedforthestolenarchitects.

Bit'saflawedlineofreasoningtoargueagainstreturningartifactstotheircountriesofarranging.

C.Museumvisitorscanstilllearnasmuchfromartifactscopiesaftertheoriginalsarereturned.

D.Reproductions,evenifperfectlymade,cannottaketheplaceoftheauthenticobjects.

E.Therealvalueofartifactscanonlyberecognizedintheircountriesofarrangingratherthan

anywhereelse.

F.Waystogetartifactsfromothercountriesmustbedecentandlawful.

G.Concernoversecurityisnoexcuseforrefusingtoreturntheartifactsofothercountries.

41-45答案：EDFGB

PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

"Elephantsneverforgef*一orsotheysay-andthatpieceoffolkloreseemstohavesome

foundation.

TheAfricansavannaelephantalsoknownastheAfricanbushelephant,isdistributedacross37

Africancountries.(46)Theysometimestravelmorethansixtymilestofindfoodorwater,and

areverygoodatworkingoutwhereotherelephantsare-evenwhentheyareoutofsight.Using

8

trackingdevices,researchershaveshownthattheyhave"remarkablespatialacuityn,whenfinding

theirwaytowaterholes,theyheadedoffinexactlytherightdirection,ononeoccasionfroma

distanceofroughlythirtymiles.Whatismore,theyalmostalwaysseemtochoosethenearest

waterhole.(47)Theresearchersareconvincedthattheelephantsalwaysknowpreciselywhere

theyareinrelationtoalltheresourcestheyneed,andcanthereforetakeshortcuts,aswellas

followingfamiliarroutes.

AlthoughthecuesusedbyAfricanelephantsforlong-distancenavigationarenotyetunderstood,

smellmaywellplayapart.

Elephantsareverychoosyeaters,butuntilrecentlylittlewasknownabouthowtheyselectedtheir

food.(48)Onepossibilitywasthattheymerelyusedtheireyesandtriedouttheplantstheyfound,

butthatwouldprobablyresultinalotofwastedtimeandenergy,notleastbecausetheireyesight

isactuallynotverygood.

(49)Thevolatilechemicalsproducedbyplantscanbecarriedalongway,andtheyarevery

characteristic:Eachplantortreehasitsownparticularodorsignature.Whatismore,theycanbe

detectedevenwhentheyarenotactuallyvisible.Newresearchsuggeststhatsmellisacrucial

factoringuidingelephants-andprobablyotherherbivores-tothebestfoodresources.

Theresearchersfirstestablishedwhatkindsofplanttheelephantspreferredeithertoeatoravoid

whenforagingfreely.Theythensetupa"foodstation^^experiment,inwhichtheygaveelephants

aseriesofchoicesbasedonlyonsmell.(50)Theexperimentshowedthatelephantsmaywelluse

smelltoidentifypatchesoftreesthataregoodtoeatandsecondlytoassessthequalityofthe

treeswithineachpatch.Free-rangingelephantspresumablyalsousethisinformationtolocate

theirpreferredfood.

答案

(46)它們有時(shí)跋涉六十多英里尋找食物或水，并且非常善于尋找其他大象的位置一一即使

它們不在視線范圍內(nèi)。(2分)

(47)研究人員相信，大象總是知道它們相對(duì)于所有所需資源的準(zhǔn)確位置，因此可以走捷徑，

并遵循熟悉的路線。(2分)

(48)有一種可能性是，大象只是利用視覺(jué)并嘗試他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的植物，但這可能會(huì)浪費(fèi)大量的

時(shí)間和精力，特別是因?yàn)樗鼈円暳?shí)際上不是很好。(2分)

(49)植物產(chǎn)生的易揮發(fā)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以被攜帶很長(zhǎng)距離，而且它們是特異性的：每一種植

物或樹(shù)都有自己獨(dú)特的氣味。(2分)

(50)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，大象可以很好地利用嗅覺(jué)來(lái)識(shí)別適合食用的樹(shù)叢，并評(píng)估每一片樹(shù)叢中樹(shù)

木的品質(zhì)。(2分)

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

Readthefollowingemailfromastudent.Writeareply.

DearLiMing,

FvegotaclassassignmenttomakeanoralreportonanancientChinesescientist.Iamnotsure

howtoprepareforit.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?Thanksforyourhelp.

Yours,Paul

Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.

Don'tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing?,instead.

9

參考答案

DearPaul,

Ifsreallyapleasureformetohearfromyou.Hearingthatyouarestrugglingwithhowto

prepareforanoralreportonanancientChinesescientist,Iamwritingthisemailtoofferyou

somehelpfulsuggestions.

Firstly,youneedtoselectaprominentancientChinesescientist,suchasZhangHengorShen

Kuo,andthenconductin-depthresearchontheirlives,contributions,andimpactonscienceand

technology.Secondly,youshouldutilizereliablesourcessuchasbooks,academicarticles,and

journalstogatheraccurateanddetailedinformation.Lastly,Itisadvisabletoorganizeyour

researchfindingsintoanoutline,highlightingkeyaspectsofthescientist'slifeandwork,

includingtheirsignificantdiscoveries,inventions,andtheories.

Ihopeyouwillfindtheinformationabovepractical.Feelfreetocontactmeifyouhaveany

furtherquestions.