2024年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法精講及練習(xí)

2024年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法精講及練習(xí)

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（TheActiveVoice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（ThePassiveVoice）o

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，例如：

ManypeoplespeakEnglish.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

基本形式：be+ved（及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：

1）當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，或者只需

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Thisjacketismadeofcotton.

Englishisspokeninmanycountriesintheworld.

2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。Theboywassavedatlast.這個(gè)男孩最后得救了。

一、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：

主動(dòng)句：Theboybrokethewindowyesterday.

被動(dòng)句：Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboyyesterday.

步驟一：原句中的賓語(yǔ)thewindow變成主語(yǔ)。

步驟二：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞broke改為被動(dòng)形式：wasbroken

步驟三：原句中的主語(yǔ)Theboy放在介詞by的后面。

步驟四：其他成分如：yesterday不變。

口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be+V.pp

二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)的變化：

各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)照表

時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be+V.pp

1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+過(guò)去分詞

2一般過(guò)去時(shí)Didwas/were+過(guò)去分詞

3含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞

4一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形will/begoingto+be+過(guò)去分詞

5過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would+動(dòng)詞原形would+be+過(guò)去分詞

6現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+it去分詞

7過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞Was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞

8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+過(guò)去分詞have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞

9過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+過(guò)去分詞hadbeen+過(guò)去分詞

注：中考一般只考一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被

動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其余只作拓展學(xué)習(xí)。

三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)：

1.含有雙賓語(yǔ)(人/物)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)：

A.可有兩種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,teach,tell,show

等。

1.Hegavemethebookjustnow.

Thebookwasgiventome(byhim)justnow.

=Iwasgiventhebook(byhim)justnow.

2.Theyshowtheguardtheirpassportsattheentrancetothebuilding.

Thepassportswereshowntotheguardbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.

=Theguardwasshownthepassportsbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.

B.通常用直接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)的一些動(dòng)詞有：bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,

write等o

1.Hewroteheraletter.Aletterwaswrittentoher.

Mymothermademeaskirt.Askirtwasmade(fbrme)bymymother.

口訣：A+be+V.pp+物；物+be+V.pp+to+人

2.使役動(dòng)詞make,have,let;感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear,feel以及help等在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中

省去to,但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都要加上to,不能省略。

但如果主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是see/watch/hearsb.doingsth的結(jié)構(gòu)，改成變動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后則V-ing前不能加to.

eg.beseendoingsth.

使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)照表

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

使makesbdosthsbbemadetodosth

役havesbdosthsbbehadtodosth

動(dòng)

letsbdosthsbbelettodosth

詞

seesbdosthsbbeseentodosth

感watchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosth

觀hearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosth

動(dòng)noticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth

詞findsbdosthsbbefoundtodosth

feelsbdosthsbbefelttodosth

3.一些只有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：

happen=takeplace（發(fā)生）,belongto（屬于），sellwell（賣得好），writewell（寫得好），sleep

（睡覺(jué)），run,exist,have（擁有），seem（看來(lái)好像）等。

4.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為短語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞，如handin,takecareof等。

四、初中常見(jiàn)的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的幾種情況：

1.weigh,measure,cost,last,breakout,takeplace,happen表示“稱重"測(cè)量"花費(fèi)''、

“持續(xù)”、“發(fā)生”等動(dòng)詞為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，雖然漢語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)含義，但英語(yǔ)要用主動(dòng)形

式表被動(dòng)之意。

eg.Themeetinglastedtwohours.會(huì)議持續(xù)了兩小時(shí)。

Whathappenedtohimlastnight?他昨晚怎么了？

2.feel,look,sound,smell,taste等連系動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。

eg.Thebamboochairfeelscool.這竹椅摸起來(lái)很涼快。

Histheorysoundedreasonable.他的理論聽(tīng)起來(lái)有些道理。

3.表示“需要”的need,want,require等動(dòng)詞以及形容詞worth（值得）后面，跟動(dòng)詞-ing

的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。

eg.Theoldhousewantsrepairing/toberepaired.那座舊房子需要修了。

Thisdictionaryiswellworthbuying.這本字典很值得買。

4.不定式作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)、間賓或說(shuō)話人時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被

動(dòng)意義。eg.Shehasandoldgrandfathertolookafter.她有一位年邁的爺爺需要照

綜合練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?

一Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.

A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning

()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give

()3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeen

published

()4.—DidyougotoJack'sbirthdayparty?—No,I.

A.amnotinvitedB.wasn'tinvitedC.haven'tinvitedD.didn'tinvite

()5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?

—Whenyourhomework__,youcan.

A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did

()6.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.

A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.

()7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat.

A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.

()8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.

A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.

()9.Treesandflowerseveryyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.

A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.

()10.China,ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiangGoodWillAmbassadors(親善大

使)forShanghai.

A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.

()11.Theearthisourhome.ltwell.

A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.

()12.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.

A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.

()13.___anewlibraryinyourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.

()14.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.

()15.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.

()16.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.

()17.Howmanytreesthisyear?

A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.

()18.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.

()19.NeitheroftheminChina

A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.

()20.Look!Anicepictureforourteacher.

A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.

()21.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.

A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.

()22.Thedoctorforyet.

A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent.

()23—When___thiskindofcomputer___?—Lastyear.

A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

()24.TheGreatWallaboutallovertheworld.

A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.

()25.1insummer.

A.bornB.wasbomC.havebeenbornD.ambom.

()26.HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.

A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.

()27.Who_thisbook_?

A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written

()28.Mary___showmehernewdictionary.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto

()29.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus

()30.Themonkeywasseenoutofthetree.

A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

()31.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

()32.EnglishinCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

()33.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

()34.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

()35.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

()36.Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

()37.--I'dliketobuythatcoat.―I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.ifssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

()38.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

()39.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

()40.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

()41.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.

A.speak,toB.spokenC.speakD.spokento

()42.Oldpeoplemust___.

A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell

()43.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.

A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare

()44.Thesewalls___stones.

A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto

()45.Thecoathersister.

A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto

()46.1___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.

A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven

()47.Theteachermadehim___hishomework

A.todoB.doC.didD.done

()48.Theboy__streetswithoutpayintheolddays.

A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean

()49.Thesechildren__dance.

A.wereseentoB.wereseenfbrC.wereseenD.sawto

()50.Thebike___500yuan.

A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted

()51.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.

A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace

()52.Ybucan'tusethecomputer,it.

A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown

()53.Whattime___thedoor___everyday?

A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close

()54.Theapple__verysweet.

A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting

()55.--WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?----Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.

A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing

()56.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed__.

A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned

二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。(請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面)

1.It'ssaid(據(jù)說(shuō))thatthelongbridge(build)intwomonths.

2.Wheretohavethemeeting(discuss)now.

3.Whichlanguagethemostwidely(speak.)intheworld?

4.Thelostboy(notfind)sofar.

5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees(cut)down.

6.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

7.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.

8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.

9.Whatknives(make)of?

They(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.

10.Canthemagazine(take)outofthelibrary?

11.Theroom(clean)bymeeveryday.

12.Thestarscan't(see)inthedaytime.

13.Someflowers(water)byLiMingalready.

14.Thiskindofshoes(sell)well.

15.Howlongyouruncle(be)inthecity?

16.Thefood(smell)delicious.

17.Look!Someone(dance).

18.Apples(grow)onthisfarm.

19.Russian(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.

2O.Thecinemas(build)in1985.

三.將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

1TheyplayfootballonSunday.______________________________________________________

2Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening._____________________________________________

3Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.__________________________________________________

4,Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

5.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoplayintheplaygroundwithoutateacher.

6.Thisfarmergrewbeautifulflowerslastyear.

7.Johnansweredallthequestions.___________________________________________________

8.Tombrokethewindow.__________________________________________________________

9.Myfatherboughtmeabike._______________________________________________________

lO.Mymotheradvisedmetofinishmyhomeworkfirst.

1l.WemightputoffthesportsmeetinguntilnextTuesday.

12.Weshouldn'tlaughatthedisabledpeople.__________________________________________

13.Hisparentsshouldallowhim