世界經(jīng)濟論壇-數(shù)字信托：支持個人代理（英）-2024.2

IncollaborationwithAccentureDigital

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4Images:GettyImages,UnsplashContentsForeword34ExecutivesummaryIntroduction51

Transparencybydesign:Theresponsibilitytoilluminatechoices72

Privacybydesign:Safeguardinguserprivacy1012141518193

Redressability:Prevention,engagement,oversightConclusionAppendixContributorsEndnotesDisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.The?ndings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.?2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.DigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency2February2024DigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgencyForewordKathrynWhiteExecutiveFellow,CentrefortheFourthIndustrialRevolution,WorldEconomicForum;GlobalPrincipalDirector,

ResponsibleDanielDobrygowskiHead,GovernanceandTrust,

CentrefortheFourthIndustrialRevolution,WorldEconomicForumEmergingTechnologyandInnovation,Accenture,USAAtthe2024WorldEconomicForumAnnualMeetinginDavos,stakeholdersconvenedunderthemeeting’s

themeofRebuildingTrust.

Atthatmeeting,participantscontinuedtoendorsetheForum’s

guidancethattrustintechnology–especiallynewandemergingtechnologieslikearti?cialintelligence(AI)–mustbeearnedthroughresponsibledecision-makingwhileemphasizingthatindividualsandsocietyhaveagencyoverthefutureprovidingthem–willprotectallstakeholders’interestsandupholdsocietalexpectationsandvalues.”ofadecision-makingframework,high-levelimplementationroadmap

andguidanceonpre-implementationsteps

andhowtomeasuredigitaltrust

fororganizations’leaders.Thisdocument2Thisde?nitionhasinformedthepublication345buildsonthesegroundbreakingpublications,ensuringindividualsareatthecentreoftechnology.Itfurtherguidesbusinessandgovernmentleaders,aswellasindividuals,onhowtobetterrecognizetheroleofpeopleasvitalstakeholdersindigitaltrust.WithindividualsincreasinglyinteractingwithnewandrapidlydevelopingtechnologieslikegenerativeAI,ithasneverbeenmorerelevanttosupporthuman-centrictechnology.oftechnology.1AttheForum,theCentrefortheFourthIndustrialRevolutionhelpsstakeholdersharnessthefullpotentialoftechnologicalprogressfortheequitableandhuman-centredtransformationofindustries,economiesandsocieties.WiththematicareasrangingfromAItoimmersivetechnologiesandquantumtechnologiestospace,improvinggovernanceisatoppriority.To

improvegovernanceacrosstechnologicaldomains,theForumlaunchedtheDigitalTrust

initiativein2021toestablishaglobalconsensusamongkeystakeholdersregardingwhatdigitaltrustmeansandwhatmeasurablestepscanbetakentoimprovethetrustworthinessofdigitaltechnologies.Thisreport

closelyexaminesthedigitaltrustdimensionsoftransparency,

privacyandredressability

according

totheperspectivesoforganizations,governing

bodiesandindividuals–allwiththecentrallensofsupportingindividualagency.Businessandgovernment

leadersare

encouragedtoprioritizetheindividual’sperspectivethroughout

thetechnologylifecycleandtakea

by-designapproach,

especiallytotransparency

andprivacy.With

allactorsdoingtheirpart,weare

hopefulthatthebene?tsofemergingtechnologiescanbefullyrealized

whilebuildingtrustamongallstakeholders.Speci?cally,theForum’s

DigitalTrust

Initiative,throughamultistakeholderapproach,hasde?nedDigitalTrust

as“individuals’expectationthatdigitaltechnologiesandservices–andtheorganizationsDigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency3Executive

summaryTrustworthy

digitalsystemssupportandprotectindividualchoiceandagency.DigitaltrustisanecessityinaworldwheredigitaltechnologiessupportandmediatevirtuallyallPrivacyeconomictransactions,socialconnectionsandinstitutions.However,

trustintechnology,innovationandscienceiserodingonaglobalscale.TheWorldEconomicForumlauncheditsDigitalTrust

Initiativetohelpreversethistrendbyfocusingondecision-makinginsupportoftrustworthytechnologies.Thatworkde?nesdigitaltrustas“theexpectationbyindividualsthatdigitaltechnologiesandservices–andtheorganizationsprovidingthem–willprotectallstakeholders’interestsandupholdsocietalDefaultprotectionsforprivacyassureusersthattheirinteractionsonlinewillbesafeandthattheirpersonaldataisprotected.Privacyisintegratedintodigitaltechnologieswhen:––Technologiesadheretothespiritandletterofcomprehensiveprivacyregulationsexpectationsandvalues.”6DevelopersincorporateeffectiveconsentmechanismsandsupportingtoolsandresourcesThispaperdescribeshowsupportforindividualagencyandhumanrightsandrespectforindividualusers’choicesandvaluesarecrucialtorebuildingtrustindigitaltechnologies.Thesuggestedmethodoftrustworthydevelopment–individualagencybydesign–mustbeacorecomponentofanytechnologystrategyorregulatoryapproachthatseekstoearnthetrustofusersandindividuals.RedressabilityPreparationandpreventionarenotalwayssuf?cienttoeliminatethechanceofharmfromdigitalIndividualagencybydesignisacrucialresponsibledesignprinciplefordigitaltechnologiesandfocusesonthedigitaltrustdimensionsoftransparency,privacyandredressability.Thedesignprinciplesdescribedhereensurethattechnologiescanbedevelopedinahuman-centredwaythatsupportsindividuals’expectationsandvalues.Speci?cally,individualagencybydesignisrealizedinthefollowingways:technologies.Therefore,effectiveredressabilitymechanismsmustbeputinplacetoensurethatindividualswhoareharmedcanbemadewhole.Thesemechanismsfallintothefollowingcategories:––HarmpreventiontoolsusedtoenforceindividualorconsumerrightsRedressproceduresthatallowforinteractionbetweenharmedindividualsandtechnologydevelopersandownersTransparency–Third-partyoversightmechanismstoensureindividualharmsarefairlyrecti?ed.Ahallmarkoftrustworthydesign,transparencyensuresthatdigitaltechnologiesdonomoreandnolessthantheuserexpects.Transparencyisincorporatedintodigitaltechnologieswhendevelopers:Byrecognizingtheprimacyofindividualagencyinhuman-digitalinteractions,thisreportaimstosupportahuman-centricandtrustworthyapproachtothedevelopmentofnewtechnologies.Ultimately,developingandincentivizingtechnologythatrespectshumanagencyisasharedpublic-privateresponsibility,onethat–ifadequatelyexecutedbyallstakeholders–willservetorebuildtrustindigitaltechnologyandinnovation.–Buildtransparencyintotheirproductsandservices––OffereffectivedigitalliteracyprogrammesMaketransparencytoolsmoreaccessible,availableandintuitiveDigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency4IntroductionAtrustworthydigitallandscaperequirestechnologytoprotect,informandenableindividuals.Protectingindividualchoiceandagencyisessentialtoanytrustworthysystem.TheworldisnavigatingthecomplexitiesofmoderntechnologyroughlyadecadeintotheFourthIndustrialRevolution.Peopleareexperiencingasocial,politicalandeconomicshiftfromthedigitalageofthelate1990sandearly2000stoaneraofembeddedconnectivity–aappliesby-designprinciplestotransparency,digitalliteracyandprivacy,offeringsuggestionsforhowtheseconceptscanbeembeddedintotheuser’s

experienceofadigitalproductorservice.Amongthevariousdimensionsofdigitaltrust,threeofthemostrelevantare

highlightedduetotheirdirectrelationshipwithindividualagency:transparency,privacyandredressability(thisorderisnotmeanttosuggestanorderofimportance).Thisexplorationcoversimportantconsiderations,includingtheresponsibilityoforganizationstoensureclarityandtrustanddetailhowprivacymechanismscansupportindividualagencyandthetiersofmechanismsavailableforredresswhenharmdoesoccur.Theeffortssummarizedinthispapersupportingindividualagencyare

notacure-all.Instead,theyare

apieceofalargerpuzzleoforganizationalprotectionandsupport.Likewise,theorderingofinterventionsinthispaperdoesnotrepresentanorderofpreferenceorapplication.Rather,

theconceptshereare

describedinorderofmostcooperativeandpreventativeapproaches?rst,withpost-hocresolutionmechanismsattheend.fusionofthedigital,biologicalandphysicalworlds,whereanindividual’s

digitalexperiencecanbe7moreembodied,immersiveandever-present.8Inthiscontext,individualagency,whichenablesindividualstonavigatetheirdigitallivesinaninformed,self-suf?cientandprotectedmanner,isvital.Supportingindividualagencyincludesactivitiesanddecisionsrelatedtothedeploymentanddevelopmentofdigitalsystems.Supportforindividualagencyrequiresupholdinghumanrightsand,assuch,isanecessarycomponentfordurabletrust–anddurabledigitaltrustiscriticaltoafairer,saferandmoresustainabledigitaleconomy.Peopledeservetobeabletomakechoicesforthemselvesandontheirbehalf.Enablingindividualagencyfurthersupportsresponsibleinnovation,whichistheonlysustainableandfairwaytoensuretheadoptionofFourthIndustrialRevolutiontechnologiessuchasarti?cialintelligenceandspatialcomputing.IndividualagencybydesignDigitaltrustistheexpectationbyindividualsthatdigitaltechnologiesandservices–andtheorganizationsprovidingthem–willprotectallstakeholders’interestsandupholdsocietalDigitaltrustrequiresaby-designapproachtotechnologythatemphasizestheneedforprinciplesthatprotectandsupportindividualsfrominception,puttingtheirneedsandvaluesattheearliestpossiblestageofdevelopment.Firstpopularizedthroughthe“secure-by-design”concept,theby-designconcepthasin?uencedseveralotherapproachestodesigninganddevelopingtechnologies,includingprivacybydesign,accessibilitybydesignandsustainabilitybydesign.11expectationsandvalues.

Pursuingthisobjective,9theWorldEconomicForumcreatedtheDigitalTrustInitiative10

andpublisheditsfoundationalworkonthesubject,EarningDigitalTrust,whichfocusesonhoworganizationscanmakemoretrustworthydecisionsregardingtechnology.Thispaper–DigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency–discussesthemuchlargergroupofstakeholderswhouseorotherwiseinteractwithdigitaltechnologies.Fordigitaltrusttobeeffectivelyestablishedandmaintained,theseindividualsmustbeabletorecognizethemselvesasstakeholderswiththeagencytoself-navigatedigitaltechnologies.Thismethodology,whereinuserprotectionandonlineharmpreventionarebakedintothetechnology,translatesintoadigitalproductorservicethatsupportsindividualagencyandismoretrustworthy.12

Theideaisnottotakechoicesawayfromindividualsorincreasetheburdenofresponsibilityoneverydaypeoplebuttoensuretheyarepresentedwithfairoptionswithinasafe,secureandtrustworthyenvironmentthatotherorganizationalsafeguardsenable.Thispaperraisesexamplesfromthedatamanagementspace,asectorattheforefrontofnavigatingdigitaltrustconsiderations,toexplorehoworganizationscanmakedecisionsthatenableindividualagencyandfosterdigitaltrust.ThepaperDigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency5Ensure

peopleare

presented

withfairoptionswithina

safe,

secureandtrustworthyenvironment.ApplyingresponsibleinnovationdesignprinciplesStandardsandTechnology

AIRiskManagementFramework,16

Singapore’s

OnlineSafetyCode,17Japan’s

lawspromotingadigitalsociety,18

theEuropeanUnion(EU)Arti?cialIntelligence(AI)Act19

andtheEuropeanDeclarationonDigitalRightsandPrinciplesfortheDigitalDecade20aswellastheEUDigitalMarketsActandDigitalServiceAct.21Technology

companiesanddeveloperscanavailthemselvesofanexistinglibraryofguidelines,principlesandstandardsdevelopedbyinternationalorganizations,governmentsandnon-governmentalorganizations.–Resourcesfromnon-governmental–Internationalorganizationshavede?nedsafeguards,suchastheUnitedNations(UN)GuidelinesforConsumerProtection13

andtheUN’s

proposedGlobalDigitalCompact.14organizationssuchasConsumersInternational,22

aconsumeradvocacyorganizationwhoseresourcesincluderecommendationsforDigitalFinanceConsumerProtections,23

andstrategicframeworksliketheForum’s

PresidioRecommendationsonResponsibleGenerativeAI24

andtheGlobalNetworkInitiative(GNI)FrameworkonFreedomofExpressionandPrivacy.25–Governmentspromotecybersecurity,privacyandresponsibletechnologyuseacrossjurisdictions,suchastheUSBlueprintforanAIBillofRights,15

theUSNationalInstituteofDigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency6Transparency

bydesign:Theresponsibility

toilluminatechoices1Justasawell-litroom

enablesclearvisionandunderstanding,atransparentdigitalenvironmentilluminatesinteractionboundsandopportunities,ensuringclarityandtrust.BuildingandAsacrucial?rststepinrecognizingindividualagency,organizationsseekingtocultivatedigitaltrustmustprovidesuf?cient“l(fā)ight”forindividualstofeelempoweredtomaketheirownchoicesandactintheirownbestinterestsinthedigitalenvironment.Buildingandmaintainingtrustisanongoingendeavourrequiringorganizationstoconsistentlydemonstrateacommitmenttoconsumerprotectionacrosstheirpolicies,productsandservices.Speci?cally,organizationsaimtoensurethatusersmaintaincontrolbybuildingtransparencyintotheirproductsandservices,offeringeffectivedigitalliteracyprogrammesandmakingtransparencytoolsmoreaccessible,availableandintuitive.Havingconsumersrepresentedinthedesignprocessbolstersthedecision-makingthatgoesintoachievingsuchtransparentends.Consumeradvocatesseektoworkwithorganizationsharmonytosupportindividualagencyandearndigitaltrust.Theirinterplayformsthebaselineforaccountabilityforagiventechnologyandanorganization’s

accountabilityculturewhileprovidingamore

reliableandsecuredigitalenvironmentfortheindividual.maintainingtrustis

anongoingendeavour.Visibilityintodata?owTheuseandmovementofindividuals’dataoffersahelpfulexampleofdigitalliteracyandtransparencyatwork.Dataunderpinsaperson’sinteractionswithdigitaltechnologies.Asthedigitaleconomyhasexpanded,withseveralapplicationscollectingdataforsomecorporations,advertisinghasbecomeawaytoofferdigitalproductsandserviceswithouterectingpaywalls.Inexchangefortheuseoftechnologyservices,consumersare

incentivizedtosharetheirpersonaldata.Asthisdynamichasincreased,consumerdatahasbecomemore

valuableandcollectionmethodsmore

thorough.Thishasampli?edthescaleoftheopportunitiesandthepotentialharmsforbothusersandorganizations.26andregulatorstoensuretransparencyeffortsare

pervasiveandbene?cialforconsumers.Sucheffortsresultinappropriatechoicesinthemarketplace,consumer-friendlyonlinechoicearchitectureandcorrespondingdefaultsettings.Digitalliteracyandtransparency,crucialelementsinthedesignanduseoftechnology,workinDigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency7TABLE

1

OpportunitiesandharmsforusersregardingconsumerdataOpportunities(forusers)

Harms(forusers)––––Improved

services:Withinsightsfrom

datacollected,companiescanre?ne

theirservices,leadingtobetterusersatisfaction.–Privacyanddatabreaches:

Datacollectionwithoutconsentinfringesonindividualprivacy.Furthermore,there’s

theever-presentriskofdatabeingaccessedunlawfully,whetherthrough

cyber-attacks,inadequatesecurityorinternalmalpractice.Personalizedexperiences:Userscanreceiverecommendationsandcontenttailored

totheirpreferences,enhancingtheuserexperience.–––Over-personalization:

Overlypersonalizedmarketingcanfeelinvasive,givinguserstheimpression

thattheironline(andof?ine)actionsare

constantlymonitored

andexploited.Accesstosubscription-freeservices:Accesstoservicesthatwouldotherwisebebehinda

paywallmaybegrantedtousersinexchangeforsharingtheirdata.Datamisuse:Evenwithinitialconsent,a

riskremains

thatdatamightbesold,shared

oraccessedbythird

partieswithouttheuser’s

knowledge.Enhancedproduct

development:Companiescandeveloporre?ne

products

basedonuserfeedbackanddatainsights.Defaultsettings:Usersmaybeunaware

offunctionalitythatisprogrammed

bydefault.Becausedefaultsare

setbytheproductandserviceproviders,

theymayskewinfavouroftheinterests

ofthoseproviders.TABLE

2

OpportunitiesandharmsfororganizationsregardingconsumerdataOpportunities(fororganizations)

Harms(fororganizations)–––Strategicdecision-making:Analysinguserdatacanleadtomore

informeddecisionsregarding

product

development,marketingstrategiesanduserexperienceenhancements.–Securitybreaches:

Holdingvastamountsofdataincreases

theriskofdatabreaches

andthescaleoftheresulting

harms,whichcanbe?nancial,reputationalandlegalinnature.Predictive

analytics:Byunderstandingpatternsindata,organizationscanpredict

future

trends,

userbehavioursandmarketdemand.–––Regulatorypenalties:Non-compliancewithdataprotectionregulationscanleadtosigni?cant?nesandsanctions.Marketperception:Inappropriatedatausecanerode

brandloyaltyandreputation.Personalizedmarketing:Organizationscantailoradvertisementsandpromotions

tospeci?cuserpreferences,leadingtoincreased

salesanduserengagement.Misinterpretation:Incorrect

analysisofdatacanleadto?awedstrategicdecisions.Theprofound

amountofdatathatcompaniespossessaboutusersandtheirengagementwithdigitaltechnologiesmayriskmisalignedincentives.Individualsare

increasingly

cognizantofthispotentialrisk.A

studyhasrevealed

that,astransparency

anddigitalliteracyhaveincreased,86%ofconsumerscare

aboutdataprivacy,signallinga

signi?cantshiftinconsumersentimentandaburgeoningdemandforenhancedprotectionandcontrol

overpersonaldata,allofwhichunderscore

theurgentneedfororganizationstoadaptandaddress

theseconcerns.27

Inthisenvironment,

bettertransparency

laysthegroundwork

foreffective

adherence

toindividuals’choicesandexpectations.Asconsumerthattechnologyoperatesastheuserexpects,doingonlywhattheuserhasgrantedpermissionfor.

Forexample,inarti?cialintelligence,resourcesliketheFoundationModelTransparency

Indexcanprovide

informationthatmayhelpusersunderstandtherami?cationsoftheiractivitiesastheyincreasingly

engagewithgenerativeAI.28

Thiscomprehensiveassessmentofthetransparency

offoundationmodeldevelopersuses100transparency

indicators.29

Theyreportonthetransparency

offoundationmodels,theresources

required

tobuildthemandtheirrole

intheecosystem.30

Suchtransparency

regardingresponsible

AIseekstopromote

trustworthinessandengendertrust.awareness

andexpectationshaveshifted,sohavethecapabilitiesoforganizations,includingethicsandcomplianceprogrammes

andthelike.Effective

transparency

requires

thatdigitalproducts

andservicesbebothwell-explainedandeasilyunderstandable.Regarding

datacollectionandmanagement,a

varietyofTransparency

indigitalinterfacesrefers

toproviding

clearvisibilityintothetechnology’scharacteristics,includingwhatdataitcollects,howitprocesses

theinformationandthepurposesforwhichthedataisused.Suchtransparencysupportsindividualagencybyrespecting

theindividual’s

righttounderstandandcontrol

theirinteractionswithtechnology.Itisaboutensuringmethodsare

employedtoday,eachwithitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages(seethetableontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcommonmethodsoftransparency

indatacollectionandmanagementintheappendix).Drawingfrom

current

bestpracticesindatacollectiontransparency,helpfulpracticesinclude:DigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency8Thesynergy––Plainlanguage–Useeverydaywordsandminimizetechnicaljargontomaketransparencyeffortsintelligibleandprovideappropriatedisclosuresdecisionsabouttheirtechnologyuseandmoreclearlyexpresstheirexpectationstotechnologydevelopers,re?ectingtheirgenuineagencythroughthesecriticalelements:of

transparencyand

digitalliteracyfosters

a

culture

ofaccountabilitythatholds

promise

fora

more

trustworthyfuture.Segmentedinformation–Provideabriefsummaryupfront,thendelveintodetailedexplanations–––InformedexpectationsviatermsofserviceandcommunityguidelinesAssurancethattechnologyinusewasdesignedinaccordancewithconsumerrights32––User-centricdesign–PrioritizeintuitiveinterfacesandstreamlineduserexperienceAbilitytocompareproductsonthedimensionsoftrustworthiness(e.g.theWorldEconomicMultichannelengagement–Communicatethroughemails,in-appnoti?cationsandotherrelevantplatformsForum’s

DigitalTrust

Framework33)––Accesstotoolsthatallowindividualstoevaluateandenhancetheirpersonaldigitalsafety––Real-timeindicators–Highlightactivedatacollection

or

processing

through

immediate

cuesAlgorithmtransparency–Clearlyexplainhowdatain?uencesalgorithmically-drivensystemprocessesanddecisionsClearactionstepswhenanindividual’sexperienceisoutofalignmentwiththeirexpectationsoftrustworthiness––Educationaltools–OfferconcisetutorialsorFAQs

toclarifydatapracticesThesynergyoftransparencyanddigitalliteracyfostersacultureofaccountabilitythatpromisesamoretrustworthyfuture.Withtransparencyprovidingclearinsightintoatechnology’sFeedback-drivenupdates–Continuouslyadaptstrategiesbasedonuserfeedbackandcomprehensionstudiesoperationsanddigitalliteracyenablinganunderstandingoftheseinsights,userscanmaintainahealthydialogueabouttheirend-userneedswithtechnologyproviders.Thisaccountabilityismutuallybene?cialandensuresthatdigitaltoolsrespectconsumerrightsandexpectationsandworkintheusers’bestinterests.Thisaccountabilityaspectbecomespivotalinmaintainingdigitaltrust,astechnologydevelopers,beingthe“l(fā)eastcostavoiders”,34

caneffectivelypreventandremediateonlineharms.35

Well-de?nedandclearlyassignedresponsibilities,pairedwithfeedbackmechanisms,signi?cantlyenhancethetrustworthinessofdigitaltechnologies.–Third-partyaudits–PeriodicallyvalidatedatapracticesthroughexternalreviewsDigitalliteracyInanageofinformationoverload,digitalliteracyactsastheindividual’s

compass,providinginsightastheyseektounderstandhowdigitaltechnologiesandservicesworksotheycanmakeinformeddecisions.31

Literacymakestransparencyaction-oriented–withoutanunderstandingofwhatisbeingshared,transparencyismerelytheatre.Alongsidetransparency,digitalliteracyenablesindividualstoeffectivelynavigatetheseinterfacesandcomprehendthetechnologicalcontrolsinplace.AsusersenhancetheirTaken

together,

digitalliteracyandtransparencyguidetechnologytobemoreuser-centred,shapingadigitallandscapethatisunderstandable,explainable,controllableandaccountable–supportingindividualagencyandbuildingdigitaltrust.Box1providesanexampleofatransparencytoolinsupportofindividualagency.digitalliteracy,theycanmakemoreinformedBOX1

ExampleofatransparencytoolinsupportofindividualagencySalesforcetrustsite36Salesforceprovidesadashboardwhereuserscanviewreal-timeinformationonserviceavailabilityandperformance.Thetransparencyofthisresourceinstilscustomertrustandcon?denceinthecompany’s

services.DigitalTrust:

SupportingIndividualAgency9Privacybydesign:2Safeguarding

userprivacyDefaultprotectionshelpreduceusers’concernsaboutwhethertheywillbesafeortheirprivacywillbeprotected.Privacybydesignappearsinawidevarietymannerthatensurestheywillbeprioritizedinthedevelopmentoftheintegralcomponentsthatshapetheuser’s

experienceandinteractionwithtechnology.ofregulations,suchastheEU’s

GeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR)37,38

andIndia’s

DigitalPersonalDataProtectionBill.39

Majortechnologydevelopersusesimilarapproaches(Google’sPrivacyandSecurityPrinciples,40

Microsoft’sResponsibleAIStandard,41

IBMonOperationalizingTrustworthyAI42).TheseconceptsaimtoproactivelyincorporateprinciplesintoaproductorserviceinaAstrust-andcon?dence-buildingmeasures,theseprotectionsenableuserstointeractwithtechnologiesmorecon?dentlyandengagemoreauthentically.BOX2

Offeringfairchoiceoptionsashoppingcarttopersist)andhelpenablepersonalizationsuchascustomadvertisements.AllianzprovidestheopportunitytoexpresscookiepreferencesthankstotheEuropeanUnion’sGeneralDataProtectionRequirement(GDPR).While“acceptall”istypicallyreadilyavailableonorganizationalwebsitesinaccordancewiththisrequirement,thereisvariationinthenumberoftimesauserhastoclicktoselecttorejectall.Al