中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點詳解+真題練習(xí)專項突破41 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（含解析）

專項41閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文一、文章類型 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文包含廣告、招聘、咨詢和建議、通知等類型的文章。二、滿分技巧 縱觀歷年各省市的中考題可以看出廣告圖表類的文章在閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比重，一般四篇閱讀理解中至少有一篇是廣告圖表類。廣告圖表類的文章屬于應(yīng)用文的行列?？忌陂喿x這類材料時，主要從兩方面入手：一是了解圖表的主題，確定圖表的主要內(nèi)容，二是推敲圖畫上的文字或數(shù)字，找出它們之間的關(guān)聯(lián)或試圖表達的含義。A（2022·貴州遵義·中考真題）DoyouknowabouttheMobiusstrip(莫比烏斯環(huán))?ItwasnamedaftertheGermanmathematician(數(shù)學(xué)家)AugustMobiusbecausehediscovereditin1858.Thespecialringisveryusefulinmathstudy.Let’smakeonenow.HowtomakeaMobiusstripThingsweneed￠Paper

￠Pencil

￠Scissors

￠Tape(膠帶)StepstotakeCutastripofpaperabout3cmwide.Markadotoneachendofoneside.Tapethestripintoaringthatistwisted(彎曲的)sothedotsareonoppositesides.Drawalineonthetwistedring,startingatonedotandgoingbacktotheotherdotwhereitstarts.WhatwefindOnthetwistedring,thelinerunsalongbothsidesofthepaper—andyoudon’thavetoliftthepenciltomarkbothsides.Howamazing!TheMobiusstriphasonlyoneside!ThetwistedringiscalledtheMobiusstripbecauseitwas_________.A．inventedin1858 B．usedinmathstudyC．madeofspecialpaper D．discoveredbyAugustMobius2．WhichofthefollowingdoweneedtomakeaMobiusstrip?A．Anotebook. B．Aneraser.C．Apairofscissors. D．Aruler.3．Weneed_________stepstomakeaMobiusstrip.A．two B．three C．four D．five4．Whatcanwefindaftermakingthetwistedring?A．Thelinerunsalongbothsidesofthepaper.B．Wecangetastraightlinebetweenthetwodots.C．It’samazingthattheMobiusstriphastwosides.D．Wehavetoliftthepencilwhendrawingtheline.5．Whencanweprobablyreadthepassage?A．Inastorybook. B．Inatravelguidebook.C．Inasportsmagazine. D．Inasciencenewspaper.【答案】1．D

2．C

3．B

4．A

5．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了莫比烏斯環(huán)的制作方法。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“DoyouknowabouttheMobiusstrip(莫比烏斯環(huán))?ItwasnamedaftertheGermanmathematician(數(shù)學(xué)家)AugustMobiusbecausehediscovereditin1858.”可知扭曲的環(huán)被稱為莫比烏斯環(huán)，因為它是由奧古斯特·莫比烏斯發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“￠Paper

￠Pencil

￠Scissors

￠Tape(膠帶)”可知制作莫比烏斯環(huán)需要紙張、鉛筆、剪刀以及膠帶，故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Stepstotake”中的三個步驟可知我們需要3個步驟來制作莫比烏斯環(huán)，故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Onthetwistedring,thelinerunsalongbothsidesofthepaper—andyoudon’thavetoliftthepenciltomarkbothsides.Howamazing!TheMobiusstriphasonlyoneside!”（在扭曲的環(huán)上，線沿著紙的兩邊，你不需要拿起鉛筆在紙的兩邊做記號。太令人驚訝了！莫比烏斯環(huán)只有一面?。┛芍狝選項“這條線沿著紙的兩邊?！狈?，故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要講述了莫比烏斯環(huán)的制作方法，所以可能在科學(xué)報紙上看到，故選D。B（2022·廣西桂林·中考真題）Hereissomeinformationaboutaninternationalclass.Let’shavealook.NameAgeFromFavouriteColourHobbyDavid13AmericaRedSwimmingTom12EnglandOrangeRunningLily14ChinaGreenPaintingRose11CanadaBlueDancing根據(jù)表格信息，選擇最佳選項。6．HowoldisDavid?A．13. B．12. C．14. D．11.7．WheredoesTomcomefrom?A．America. B．England. C．China. D．Canada.8．WhatisLily’sfavouritecolour?A．Red. B．Orange. C．Green. D．Blue.9．Wholikesblue?A．David. B．Tom. C．Lily D．Rose.10．WhatisDavid’shobby?A．Swimming. B．Running. C．Painting. D．Dancing.【答案】6．A

7．B

8．C

9．D

10．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹國際班的一些信息。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“David...13”可知，大衛(wèi)13歲，故選A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tom...England”可知，湯姆來自英國，故選B。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Lily...Green”可知，莉莉最喜歡綠色，故選C。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Rose...Blue”可知，羅斯喜歡藍色，故選D。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“David...Swimming”可知，大衛(wèi)喜歡游泳，故選A。C（2022·陜西·測試·編輯教研五一模）Areyouinterestedinhistoryandculture?Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?Ormaybeyou’reanoutgoingpersonthatisinterestedinnewmedia.ThemDaysistheplaceforyou!WeareanorganizationworkingonprotectinghistoryandCulture,andweareinneedofhighschoolstudents.Thestudentsshouldhavetomeettherequirementsbelow.Positions:EditorAssistantinterviewoldpeopleresearchspecialtopicsandwritearticlesFact-checkingArchives（檔案）AssistantHelpwithtouristsinHappyValleyAnswerthequestionsfromtouristsPayment:$10.50/hour(Youneedtowork25hourperweek)Apply（申請）date,from18to28inJulyPleasesendyourresume（簡歷）:ThemDaysP.O.Box939.Stn.BHappyValleyGooseBay,NL.AoP1EoFax:(709)896-4970E-mail:themdays@Whatshouldaneditorassistantdo?A．Takephotosforspecialtopics. B．Interviewstudents.C．Checkthefactsinthemagazine. D．HelpwiththetouristsinHappyValley.12．Whencanyouapplyforthepositions?A．OnJune28. B．OnJuly26. C．OnJune18. D．OnAugust28.13．IfMaryworksforThemDays,shewillbepaidforfourweeks.A．$10.50 B．$262.5 C．$1,050 D．$2,10014．Whoisthetextwrittenfor?A．Highschoolstudents. B．Oldpeople. C．Parents. D．Tourists.【答案】11．C

12．B

13．C

14．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一則招聘啟事，啟事中介紹了招聘職業(yè)的內(nèi)容、要求、薪資、申請時間以及方式。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第二欄“EditorAssistant”下的職責(zé)內(nèi)容可知，編輯助理需要采訪老人、研究專題并撰寫文章以及核實內(nèi)容；根據(jù)表格第一欄中的“Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?”可知，編輯助理的職責(zé)內(nèi)容是有關(guān)一本雜志的，因此編輯需要核實的是雜志上的內(nèi)容，故選C。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中的“Apply（申請）date,from18to28inJuly”可知，申請日期從7月18日至28日，故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格第三欄中的“Payment:$10.50/hour(Youneedtowork25hourperweek)”可知，這份工作的報酬為10.5美元/小時，并且需要每周工作25小時，因此Mary工作四周所得薪水為：10.5×25×4=1050（美元）。故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格第一欄中的“…andweareinneedofhighschoolstudents.”可知，這家公司該職位面向高中生進行招聘，故選A。D（2022·廣東·廣州實驗中學(xué)二模）MetroPocketGuideMetrorail(地鐵)Eachpassengerneedsafarecard(車票卡)toenterandgoout.Uptotwochildrenunderageoffivemaytravelfreewithapayingcustomer.Farecardmachineareineverystation.Bringsmallbillsbecausetherearenochangemachinesinthestationandfarecardmachineonlyprovideupto＄5inchange.GetafreeridewithaOneDayPass.BuyitfromafarecardmachineinMetrostations.Youcanusethecardafter9:30a.m.untiltheendonweekdays,andalldayonweekendsandholidays.HoursofService?Open:5:00a.mMon.—Fri.

7:00a.m.Sat.—Sun.?Close:midnightMon.—Thur.

3:00a.m.Fri.—Sun.?Lasttraintimemaybedifferent.Toavoidmissingthelasttrain,pleasecheckthelasttraintimesinthestation.MetrobusWhenpayingwithchange,thefeeforMetrobusis＄1.35.WhenpayingwithaSmartTripCard,thefareis＄l.25.Faresfortheelder/disabledcustomersEldercustomer65orolderanddisabledcustomersmayrideforhalftheregularfee.OnMetrorailandMetrobus,useaElder/DisabledCardorSmartTripCard.FormoreinformationaboutbuyingacommonFarecard,Elder/DisabledCardsorSmartTripCardsandOneDayPass,pleasevisitorcall202-637-7000and202-637-8000.ElderanddisabledcustomerscangetfreeguideonhowtouseproperMetrobusandMetrorailservicesbycalling202-962-1100.Traveltips(提示)?Avoidridingduringweekdayrushhours—before9:30am.andbetween4and6p.m.?Ifyoulosesomethingonabusortrainorinastation,pleasecallLost&Foundat202-962-1195.15．AtwhattimedoesMetrorailstopserviceonSaturday?.A．AtmidnightB．At3:00a.m.C．At5:00amD．At7:00p.m.16．WhatisgoodaboutaSmartTripCard?A．Itisconvenientforoldpeople.B．Itsavesmoneyforitsusers.C．Itcanbeboughtatanytime.D．ItissoldontheInternet.17．WhichnumbershouldyoucallifyoulosesomethingontheMetro?.A．202-962-1195B．202-962-1100C．202-673-7000D．202-673-800018．Whatshouldyouknowaboutfarecardmachine?