PMI培訓(xùn)資料課件：Hydrogenation Technology

Hydrogenation

TechnologyHydrotreating

Utilization

Throughoutthe

RefineryHydrogenationTechnology

forMaximumProductValueHydrotreating

is

growing

in

importance

asproductspecifications

become

more

stringent。隨著產(chǎn)品規(guī)格的日益嚴(yán)格，加氫精制將扮演日益重要的角色。

UOP

6517G-2High

value

products

from

difficult

feedsmeans

increased

profits

for

you

Hydrocracking

is

the

technology

of

choice

for

converting

heavy

feeds

to

high

quality

products;Flowschemeandcatalystcanbetailoredfortheproject

to

maximize

product

value.將重質(zhì)化原料轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦哔|(zhì)量產(chǎn)品加氫裂化技術(shù)是一個(gè)理想的選擇。合適的流程和催化劑能最大化產(chǎn)品價(jià)值。HydrogenationTechnology

forMaximumProductValueUOP

6517G-2High

value

products

from

difficult

feedsmeans

increased

profits

for

you加氫是煉油化工中最重要的技術(shù)之一。Hydrogenationisoneofthemostimportanttechnologiesintherefiningandchemicalindustry.原油重質(zhì)化、劣質(zhì)化將驅(qū)動(dòng)加氫技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。Highdensityandpoorqualityofcrudeoilswilldrivethedevelopmentandapplicationofthehydrogenationtechnology.HydrogenationTechnology

forMaximumProductValueUOP

6517G-2High

value

products

from

difficult

feedsmeans

increased

profits

for

you日益嚴(yán)格的環(huán)保要求將促使加氫裝置在煉油化工中發(fā)揮更大的作用。Increasinglystringentenvironmentalrequirementswillpushhydrogenationunitstoplayagreaterroleinthepetrochemicalandrefiningindustry.煉廠加工低利潤(rùn)將不斷驅(qū)使加氫技術(shù)向低成本和高附加值方向發(fā)展。Lowprofitsofrefinerieswillcontinuetopushthedevelopmentofthehydrogenationtechnologytowardsalowcostandhighvalue-addeddirection.1.3MMTAKeroseneHTUnit ART1020130萬(wàn)噸/年煤油加氫裝置 ART 2.2MMTADieselHTUnit SEI;RIPP1030220萬(wàn)噸/年柴油加氫裝置 SEI；

RIPP2.2MMTAHydrocrackingUnitUOP1040220萬(wàn)噸/年加氫裂化裝置

UOP

0.6MMTAgasseparationunit

LPEC1041

60萬(wàn)噸/年氣體分離

LPEC2#Complexunitsincluding:2#聯(lián)合裝置包括：煉油二部在PMB項(xiàng)目的作用：作用主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：1、對(duì)上游裝置生產(chǎn)的煤油、柴油進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品精制，生產(chǎn)出符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的航煤和柴油產(chǎn)品。2、平衡全廠蠟油，通過(guò)加氫裂化技術(shù)，將常減壓蠟油、焦化蠟油，轉(zhuǎn)化成滿足重整進(jìn)料要求的重石腦油產(chǎn)品，滿足生產(chǎn)石油對(duì)二甲苯產(chǎn)品對(duì)原料的需求。煉油二部在PMB項(xiàng)目的作用：常減壓裝置所生產(chǎn)的航煤組分，供航煤加氫裝置，生產(chǎn)出合格的軍、民兩用的航空煤油產(chǎn)品。常減壓裝置柴油組分和靈活焦化所生產(chǎn)的柴油組分包括（少量靈活焦化石腦油組分）供柴油加氫裝置加工，生產(chǎn)出符合歐Ⅴ標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的柴油產(chǎn)品。物料互供：煉油二部在PMB項(xiàng)目的作用：一部常減壓裝置生產(chǎn)的蠟油組分和四部靈活焦化裝置所生產(chǎn)的蠟油組分供加氫裂化裝置加工，生產(chǎn)出合格的重石腦油產(chǎn)品、輕石腦油產(chǎn)品和少量的液化氣組分，重石腦油產(chǎn)品送往下游芳烴重整裝置生產(chǎn)PX原料。輕石腦油產(chǎn)品送往三部輕烴異構(gòu)化裝置進(jìn)行加工，生產(chǎn)高辛烷值汽油調(diào)和組分。加氫裂化液化氣、重整液化氣、輕烴回收液化氣和焦化液化氣進(jìn)入氣分裝置加工，生產(chǎn)出合格的精丙烯產(chǎn)品、異丁烷產(chǎn)品和液化氣產(chǎn)品送往儲(chǔ)運(yùn)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品銷售。加氫裝置所需原料氫氣全部來(lái)自于三部PSA裝置。煉油二部進(jìn)出物料示意框圖HydrotreatingHydrotreatingorcatalytichydrogentreatingremovesobjectionablematerialsfrompetroleumfractionsbyselectivelyreactingthesematerialswithhydrogeninareactoratrelativelyhightemperaturesatmoderatepressures.加氫精制就是在一定的溫度和壓力下，通過(guò)氫氣與石油餾分中的雜質(zhì)有選擇的反應(yīng)，從而脫出雜質(zhì)。Theseobjectionablematerialsinclude,butarenotsolelylimitedto,sulfur,nitrogen,olefins,andaromatics.那些雜質(zhì)包括硫、氮、烯烴、芳烴等。BriefIntroductionoftheHydrogenationTechnology

Thelightermaterialssuchasnaphthaaregenerallytreatedforsubsequentprocessingincatalyticreformingunits,andtheheavierdistillates,rangingfromjetfueltoheavyvacuumgasoils,aretreatedtomeetstrictproductqualityspecificationsorforuseasfeedstockselsewhereintherefinery.輕組分如石腦油通常被處理后用于重整，更重的餾分范圍從噴氣燃料至重瓦斯油被加氫處理后來(lái)滿足產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求或被用于其他裝置作原料。Hydrotreatingisalsousedforupgradingthequalityofatmosphericresidsbyreducingtheirsulfurandorgano-metallicslevel.加氫精制通過(guò)降低硫和有機(jī)金屬含量來(lái)改善常壓渣油性質(zhì)。Manyoftheproductqualityspecificationaredrivenbyenvironmentalregulationsthatarebecomingmorestringenteveryyear.

許多產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由于環(huán)境法規(guī)的要求，變的日益嚴(yán)格。Hydrotreatersaredesignedforandrunatavarietyofconditionsdependingonmanyfactorssuchastypeoffeed,desiredcyclelength,expectedqualityoftheproductsbutingeneraltheywilloperateatthefollowingrangeofconditions:加氫精制裝置設(shè)計(jì)及運(yùn)行條件取決于多種因素：原料、運(yùn)行周期、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，通常操作條件：LHSV(liquidhourlyspacevelocity)—0.2to8.0,H2circulation—(50–675Nm3/m3),H2PP(Hydrogenpartialpressure)—200–2,000psia(14–138bars)andSORtemperaturesrangingbetween550and700?F(290–370?C),withthelowerlimitsrepresentingminimumoperatingconditionsfornaphthahydrotreatingandthehighervaluesshowingoperatingconditionsusedforhydrotreatingatmosphericresids.液時(shí)空速：0.2-8.0；氫油比50-675Nm3/m3；氫分壓：200–2,000psia(14–138bars)和初期溫度范圍550-700?F(290–370?C)，下限操作條件針對(duì)石腦油加氫，上限操作條件針對(duì)渣油加氫。Untilabout1980,hydrotreatingwasalicensedtechnologybeingofferedbyafairlylargenumberofcompanies.至到大約1980年，加氫精制專利技術(shù)由眾多公司提供。Inthepast30years,hydrotreatingcatalystshavebecomecommoditiesandtheprocesshasbeenofferedwithoutlicensingfees.在過(guò)去的30年中，加氫精制催化劑已變成商品，工藝技術(shù)提供不再需要專利許可費(fèi)。Thecommonobjectivesandapplicationsofhydrotreatingarelistedbelow：加氫精制的目的：

Naphtha(catalyticreformerfeedpretreatment)—toremovesulfur,nitrogen,andmetalsthatotherwisewouldpoisondownstreamnoblemetalreformingcatalysts.石腦油（催化重整預(yù)加氫原料）-脫除硫、氮、金屬否則將會(huì)造成下游重整貴金屬催化劑中毒。Keroseneanddiesel—toremovesulfurandtosaturateolefinsandsomeofthearomatics,resultinginimprovedpropertiesofthestreams(kerosenesmokepoint,dieselcetanenumberordieselindex)aswellasstoragestability.煤油和柴油-脫除硫、飽和烯烴和部分芳烴，改善產(chǎn)品性質(zhì)（航煤煙點(diǎn)，柴油十六烷值或十六烷指數(shù)）和儲(chǔ)存安定性。Lubeoil—toimprovetheviscosityindex,color,andstabilityaswellasstoragestability潤(rùn)滑油-改善粘度指數(shù)，顏色，安定性和儲(chǔ)存安定性。FCCfeed—toimproveFCCyields,reducecatalystusageandstackemissions催化裂化原料-改善催化裂化產(chǎn)率，降低催化劑用量和煙氣排放。Resids—toprovidelowsulfurfueloilstoeffectconversionand/orpretreatmentforfurtherconversiondownstream.渣油-提供低硫燃料油和影響下游加工轉(zhuǎn)化率。

OVERVIEWAccordingtotheoverallprocessarrangementofthewholeplantofthePMBPetrochemicalProject,anew1.3MMT/Akerosenehydrogenationunitistobebuilt.TheunitemploysART’scatalystandLPEC’shydrogenationdesulfurizationprocesstechnology,andusesstraight-runkerosenefromthecrudeoilunitasfeedstock.Theimpuritiesinthefeedstock,suchassulfur,mercaptanandnitrogen,areremovedbyusinghydrogenandcatalysttoreducetheacidityofkerosene,improvecolorandproducesatisfactoryjetfuelproduct.根據(jù)PMB總流程安排，新建一套130萬(wàn)噸/年煤油加氫精制裝置，采用ART和LPEC的加氫工藝技術(shù)，以常減壓的直餾煤油為原料，在氫氣以及催化劑的作用下脫除原料中的硫、硫醇、氮等雜質(zhì)，降低煤油酸值，改善顏色，生產(chǎn)符合要求噴氣燃料。

1.3MMTAKeroseneHTUnit1020130萬(wàn)噸/年煤油加氫裝置 The‘hydrotreatingprocess’hasseveraldifferentapplications(e.g.desulfurization,olefinsaturation,denitrogenation,etc)andisusedforavarietyofpetroleumfractionsfromnaphthaallthewaytoatmosphericresidue,mostlyunitshavethesameflowscheme.加氫精制工藝有多種用途（如:脫硫、脫氮、烯烴飽和），應(yīng)用于石腦油至常壓渣油等各種餾分，大部分裝置都采用相同的流程。ThisisshownveryschematicallyinFigure-1.原則示意圖見(jiàn)圖-1。

Flowschemes工藝流程

TheBruneiJetfuelstandardTheBruneiJetfuelstandard

Overview

AccordingtothegeneralprocedureofthePMBpetrochemicalproject,asetof2200KTAdieselhydrorefiningunitisrequiredtobeestablished,withstraight-runkerosene,straight-rundieselaswellascokinggasolineandcokingdieselasitsmaterials,anditsmainproductionofrefineddieselcontainingsuperlowsulfurwhichcontentisnogreaterthan10ppmanditsby-productofsmallamountofnaphtha.TheunitadoptstheliquidphasedieselhydrogenationtechnologyjointlydevelopedbySEIandRIPP.根據(jù)PMB石化項(xiàng)目總流程規(guī)劃，建一套220萬(wàn)噸/年柴油加氫精制裝置,以直餾煤油、直餾柴油和焦化汽油、焦化柴油為原料，生產(chǎn)硫含量不大于10PPm的超低硫精制柴油、副產(chǎn)少量石腦油。本裝置SEI與RIPP開(kāi)發(fā)的連續(xù)液相柴油加氫技術(shù).

10302.2MMTADieselHTUnit 1030220萬(wàn)噸/年柴油加氫裝置

核心是加氫催化劑的技術(shù)進(jìn)步..CatalystsHydrotreatingcatalystsarehighsurfaceareamaterialsconsistingofanactivecomponentandapromoter,whichareuniformlydispersedonasupport.Thecatalystsupportisnormallygammaalumina(γ-Al2O3),sometimeswithsmallamountsofsilicaorphosphorousadded,whichispreparedinsuchawaysoastogiveahighsurfaceareaandanappropriateporestructure.Theactivecomponentisnormallymolybdenumsulfide,Formolybdenumcatalystsbothcobalt(CoMo)andnickel(NiMo)areusedaspromoters.Theacidityofthesupport(whichisprovidedbythesilica)canbeincreasedtoboostthecatalystactivityfor(hydro)crackingandisomerizationreactions.Hydrotreatingcatalystscomeindifferentsizesandshapesandvarydependingonthemanufacturer.Flowschemes工藝流程

Flowschemes工藝流程

液相加氫技術(shù)是近些年出現(xiàn)的一種新技術(shù)，采用液相反應(yīng)，取消傳統(tǒng)的氫氣循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，將氫氣溶解于原料油中，通過(guò)液體循環(huán)溶解足量的氫氣，以滿足加氫反應(yīng)的需要。它為燃料油加氫提供了一種更加經(jīng)濟(jì)和簡(jiǎn)單的生產(chǎn)工藝。Liquidphasegenerationisanewtechnologyemergedinrecentyears.Iteliminatesthetraditionalrecyclehydrogensystemanddissolveshydrogeninthefeedoilandprovidesthehydrogennecessaryforthereactionthroughliquidrecycle,providingamoreeconomicalandsimplerfueloilhydrogenationprocess.杜邦公司于2007年8月從位于美國(guó)阿肯色州的技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)公司-工藝動(dòng)力學(xué)公司獲取此項(xiàng)技術(shù)--IsoTherming，國(guó)內(nèi)江蘇實(shí)友最早引進(jìn)采用此項(xiàng)柴油液相加氫技術(shù)，于2011年開(kāi)工投產(chǎn)。DuPointacquiredIsoThermingtechnologyfromProcessDynamics,Inc.,atechnologydevelopmentfirmbasedinArkansas,USAinAugust2007.Shiyou(Yangzhou)ChemicalCo.,Ltd.firstintroducedthistechnologyinChinaanditsplantwasputintooperationin2011.隨著杜邦公司近年在國(guó)內(nèi)開(kāi)展此項(xiàng)技術(shù)的推廣，鑒于液相加氫技術(shù)在能耗、加工流程方面比常規(guī)滴流床加氫具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，LPEC和FRIPP開(kāi)發(fā)了SRH液相循環(huán)加氫技術(shù)、SEI和RIPP開(kāi)發(fā)的液相循環(huán)加氫技術(shù)（SLHT）。WithDuPoint’spromotionofthistechnologyinChinainrecentyearsandinviewofitsadvantagesinenergyconsumptionandprocessingprocesscomparedtotheconventionaltricklebedtechnology,LPECandFRIPPdevelopedSRH,SEIandRIPPdevelopedSLHT.目前國(guó)內(nèi)在運(yùn)行的液相加氫裝置已有十多家，規(guī)模從30萬(wàn)噸/年至375萬(wàn)噸/年不等。TherearemorethantenliquidphasehydrogenationunitsunderoperationinChina,withcapacityrangingfrom300Kt/ato3.74Mt/a.杜邦為下流式液相加氫技術(shù)，SEI和RIPP在其工藝流程上作了改進(jìn)，形成上流式連續(xù)液相加氫技術(shù)（SLHT）。SEIandRIPPdevelopedtheup-flowSLHTbyimprovingDuPoint’sdown-flowhydroprocessingtechnology.

裝置特點(diǎn)Unitcharacteristics該裝置采用SEI和RIPP共同開(kāi)發(fā)的連續(xù)液相柴油加氫技術(shù)，催化齊采用石科院的RS-2100和RS-2200催化劑.ThisunitadoptsthecontinuousliquidphasedieselhydrogenationtechnologyjointlydevelopedbySEIandRIPPandthecatalystappliestheRS-2100andRS-2200catalystfromtheRIPP.為適應(yīng)液相為連續(xù)相，氣相為分散相的特點(diǎn)，反應(yīng)器采用上流式。Inordertoadapttothecharacteristicsofcontinuousliquidphaseanddispersedvaporphase,thereactoremploystheup-flowstructure.反應(yīng)器與熱高壓分離器集成設(shè)置為上流式反應(yīng)/分離器。Thereactorhothighpressureseparatorisintegratedintotheup-flowreactor/separator.上流式反應(yīng)/分離器的分離器部分底部設(shè)置循環(huán)油泵。

Thereisacirculatingoilpumpsetatthebottomoftheseparatorsectionfortheup-flowreactor/separator.Thereisacirculatingoilpumpsetatthebottomoftheseparatorsectionfortheup-flowreactor/separator.循環(huán)油全部在反應(yīng)器入口注入反應(yīng)器，補(bǔ)充氫氣分床層注入反應(yīng)器。

Allthecirculatingoilisinjectedintothereactorfromitsinlet,withthemake-uphydrogeninjectedintodifferentbeds.催化劑采有濕法硫化Thecatalystleverageswetsulfuration。

10402.2MMTAHydrocracking1040220萬(wàn)噸/年加氫裂化裝置

OverviewInaccordancewithoverallplanningofprocessingflowpreparedforPMBproject,a2.2MMTAUnicrackingProcessUnit,whichisfedbymixedoilofstraight-rundieseloilandVGO,shouldbebuiltinordertoproduceheavynaphthaandsupplymaterialsforPXUnit.Onbasisofsingle-stagefull-circulationhydrocrackingtechnologyfromUOP,thishydrocrackingUnitcanhavereactionsuchdesulfurization,denitrogenation,hydrogenationsaturationandhydrocrackingtothefeedstockandhydrogenunderactionofcatalystathightemperatureandpressuresoasproducetheheavynaphthawhichconformstoreformingfeedstandard.ThelightnaphthaandLPGwillbealsoproducedatthebyproducts.根據(jù)PMB石化項(xiàng)目總加工流程的規(guī)劃，建設(shè)一套220萬(wàn)噸/年加氫裂化裝置，以直餾柴油和蠟油混合油為原料，主要生產(chǎn)重石腦油為PX裝置供料。采用UOP的單段全循環(huán)加氫裂化技術(shù)，在高溫高壓下，將原料油和氫氣在催化劑的作用下進(jìn)行脫硫、脫氮、加氫飽和、加氫裂解等反應(yīng)生產(chǎn)符合重整進(jìn)料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重石腦油，同時(shí)副產(chǎn)輕石腦油和液化氣.HydrocrackingHydrocrackingprocessbecomepopularbecauseofwiderangeoffeedstocks,highqualityproductswithhighyieldandconsiderableflexibilityofoperation.加氫裂化工藝由于原料范圍廣，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好、液體收率高、生產(chǎn)靈活性大變得日益重要。Theprocessofhydrocrackingisusedtoproducelightoil,middledistillates,andfeedstockfordownstreampetrochemicalunits,thereforeitisaimportanttechnologyinfieldofmodernpetrochemicaltocombineoilrefineryandchemicalengineering.加氫裂化工藝是生產(chǎn)清潔燃料和優(yōu)質(zhì)化工原料的重要技術(shù)，是煉油與化工結(jié)合的核心。HydrocrackingHighly

selective

upgrading

of

vacuum

gas

oil

(VGO)to

high

value

transportation

fuels–

produceshighqualitykeroseneanddieselfromdifficultdistillatestreams利用劣質(zhì)原料生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量煤油和柴油Produce

high

quality

Unconverted

Oil

(UCO)

forlube

base

oil

production

or

FCC

feedstock生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的未轉(zhuǎn)化油可用作潤(rùn)滑油基礎(chǔ)油或催化原料–

Producequalifiedheavynaphthaasthefeedstockofreformer--生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的重石腦油給重整做原料–

Can

handle

heavy

feeds能夠處理劣質(zhì)原料–

Selective

conversion可選擇轉(zhuǎn)化率–

Flexibility

to

produce

a

range

of

products可靈活生產(chǎn)不同產(chǎn)品1.2、HydrocrackingHydrocrackingisaversatilecatalyticrefiningprocessthatupgradespetroleumfeedstocksbyaddinghydrogen,removingimpurities,andcrackingtoadesiredboilingrange.加氫裂化是一種適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)的催化煉制過(guò)程通過(guò)加氫和脫除雜質(zhì)來(lái)改善原料性質(zhì)，裂化成合適的產(chǎn)品餾分。Hydrocrackingrequirestheconversionofavarietyoftypesofmoleculesandischaracterizedbythefactthattheproductsareofsignificantlylowermolecularweightthanthefeed.加氫裂化可以轉(zhuǎn)化各種類型的分子，產(chǎn)品相對(duì)于原料，分子量有明顯降低。Hydrocrackingfeedscanrangefromheavyvacuumgasoilsandcokergasoilstoatmosphericgasoils.Productsusuallyrangefromheavydieseltolightnaphtha.加氫裂化原料范圍從重減壓蠟油和焦化蠟油到常壓柴油。通常產(chǎn)品范圍從重柴油到輕石腦油。Hydrocrackersaredesignedforandrunatavarietyofconditionsdependingonmanyfactorssuchastypeoffeed,desiredcyclelength,expectedproductslatebutingeneraltheywilloperateatthefollowingrangeofconditions:liquidhourlyspacevelocity(LHSV)—0.5to2.0,H2circulation—(850–1,700Nm3/m3),H2PP—1,500to2,000psia(103–138bars),andSORtemperaturesrangingbetween675?Fand725?F(357–385?C).加氫裂化的設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)行條件基于以下條件：原料性質(zhì)，期望的運(yùn)行周期，期望的產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成，但通常操作條件：液時(shí)空速（LHSV）：0.5-2.0，氫油比：850–1,700Nm3/m3，氫分壓：103–138bars，初期反應(yīng)溫度：357–385?C

Hydrocrackingisparticularlywellsuitedtogeneratingproductsthatmeetorexceedallofthepresenttoughenvironmentalregulations.加氫裂化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品可以滿足目前最嚴(yán)格的環(huán)保要求。Flowschemes加氫裂化工藝流程

Variouslicensorshaveslightlydifferentnamesfortheirhydrocrackerflowschemes,butingeneral,themostcommonhydrocrackingprocessescanbeclassifiedinto：

各專利商在加氫裂化流程設(shè)置上略有不同，通常加氫裂化工藝流程可分為：1-stageoncethrough單程一次通過(guò)1-stagerecycle單程全循環(huán)2-stagerecycle兩段全循環(huán)

ToFractionationH2

Recycle

GasScrubberSeparatorHTHCFigure-1SinglestageoncethroughPartialConversion(60-90%)SinglestageoncethroughFigure-1showsaschematicofasinglestage,once-throughhydrocrackingunit,whichisthesimplestconfigurationforahydrocracker.Thefeedmixeswithhydrogenandgoestothereactor.Theeffluentgoestofractionation,withtheunconvertedmaterialbeingtakenoutoftheunitasunconvertedmaterial.Thistypeofunitisthelowestcosthydrocrackingunit,canprocessheavy,highboilingfeedstocksandproduceshighvalueunconvertedmaterialwhichbecomesfeedstockforFCCunits,ethyleneplantsorlubeoilunits.Ingeneral,theconversionofthefeedstocktoproductsis60–70vol%,butcanrangeashighas90vol%.Partial

Conversion

(60-90%)Singlestageoncethrough

Increased

conversion

for

greater

diesel

yield

and

high

quality

UCO

Dieselmeetsstringentspecifications

KeroseneforJetA-1

UCOforlubesproductionorsteamcrackFeed

ToFractionationH2

Recycle

GasScrubberSeparatorHTHCFlow

Scheme

Can

Be

Tailored

to

Balance

Distillate

andUnconverted

Oil

Targets

Figure-1SinglestageoncethroughFull

Conversion

–

Single

Stage

Recycle

ToFractionationFeedH2Separator

Recycle

GasScrubberHTHCRecycle

UCOFigure-2SinglestagehydrocrackingunitwithrecycleThemostwidelyfoundhydrocrackingunitisthesinglestagewithrecycleinwhichtheunconvertedfeedissentbacktothereactorsectionforfurtherconversion.Itisthemosteffectivedesignfor100%(ornear100%)conversion.IncreasedconversionforgreaterdistillateornaphthayieldUCOrecycletoimproveproductselectivity

Two-Stage

Hydrocracking

1st

Stage

Reactors

FeedH2Separator

Recycle

GasScrubberHTHCHC

2nd

Stage

ReactorRecycle

UCO

UOP

6517G-8Figure-3TwostagehydrocrackingThetwostagehydrocrackingprocessconfigurationisalsowidelyused,especiallyforlargethroughputunits.

兩段加氫裂化被廣泛應(yīng)用，特別是處理量較大的裝置Intwostageunits,thehydrotreatingandsomecrackingtakesplaceinthefirststage.在兩段流程中，加氫精制和部分裂化發(fā)生在一段。Theeffluentfromthefirststageisseparat