高中英語資料：直接引語變間接引語的用法

一、如何變?nèi)朔Q;下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen?！暗谌朔Q不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：Mr.Smithsaid:"Jackisagoodworker。"→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。

二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)它需改為過去時(shí)態(tài)；過去時(shí)態(tài)改為完成時(shí)；過去完成時(shí)則保留原來的時(shí)態(tài)。如：1)Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."→Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid."Wehopeso."→Shesaidtheyhopedso.3)Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend。"→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。①直接引語是客觀真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Jacksaid.“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril20,1980。"→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。④直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。⑤如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could,should,would,might）不再變。如：Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。"→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。

三、如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)則，時(shí)間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)閠hedaybefore）地點(diǎn)狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this改為that),如：Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.

四、如何變句型：①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如：Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven'tyou?"mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為"tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth."句型。如："Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.⑤直接引語如果是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用“suggest+動(dòng)句詞（或從句）?！比纾篐esaid,"Let'sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做間接引語。例如：Johnsaid,"I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."約翰說："我要和父親到倫敦去。"（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語）JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語）

由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，分以下情況：1、直接引語是陳述句時(shí)間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（口語中that可以省略），主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI.”Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.

2、直接引語是疑問句時(shí)間接引語為陳述語序：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞say改為ask,或改為wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。（1）一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou?"→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.（2）選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether….or賓語從句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→HeaskedmewhereIlived.

3、直接引語是祈使句時(shí)間接引語為不定式，作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語（don't變?yōu)閚ot）.Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim,“Don'tleavethedooropen.”→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.[注意]（1）有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：Hesaid,"Let'sgotothetheatre."→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow."Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper."Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.

4、直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)間接引語為what或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。直接引語變間接引語的用法Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.

5、如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語原來時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)（2）

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)（3）一般將來時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來時(shí)（4）

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)（5）一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)（6）過去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過去完成時(shí)[注意]（1）如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.（2）如果直接引語中有明確表示過時(shí)間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)不改為過去完成時(shí)。如：Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.(3)如果直接引語所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：Hesaid,"I'maboy,notagirl."→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.(5)如果直接引語中含有since,when,while引導(dǎo)的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過去時(shí)則不變。如：Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.(6)如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

must,need,hadbetter以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式could,might,should,would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。例如：Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.

6.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作用相應(yīng)的變化。指示代詞this---thatthese---those表示時(shí)間的詞now---thentoday---thatdaythisweek(month,etc)----thatweek(month,etc)yesterday----thedaybeforelastweek(month)---theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)ago---threedays(ayear)beforetomorrow----thenext(following)daynextweek(month)--thenext(following)week(month)表地點(diǎn)的詞here--there動(dòng)詞bring--takecome–go

直接引語變間接引語的用法及講解定義：直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號(hào)。例：Hesaid:"Itistoolate."間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構(gòu)成。例：Hesaiditwastoolate.直接引語與間接引語相互轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題第一：人稱的變化。主語為第一人稱的直接引語，變間接引語時(shí)，人稱要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整。例如：直接引語Shesaid:"Iamhungry."間接引語Shesaidshewashungry.直接引語Mumsaidtome:"Youmustcleanyourbedroombyyourself."間接引語MumtoldmethatIhadtocleanmybedroombymyself.第二：時(shí)態(tài)變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。其規(guī)律如下圖。注意：1.直接引語為客觀真理時(shí)，間接引語時(shí)態(tài)不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Teachertoldus:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth."Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.2.直接引語為一般過去時(shí)并且與具體時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)，間接引語仍用一般過去時(shí)。例如：Shesaid:"IwenttoEnglandin1998."ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998.3.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，間接引語時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesays:"Iboughtyouabookyesterday."Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.第三：指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化。第四：句式上的變化1.陳述句變間接引語時(shí)，用that連接