2023年高考北京卷化學理綜試題試卷歷年試題及答案

2023

H-lC-12N-140-16Mg-24S-32

^W^i4/?,<?3#,^42^0Wmmf?-

B

I.4’B?4^^W^?t^Jf#7cffiW0B7?W.

T^-f^Rü^??l.

A.HfflmW?HW?B.

C.D.

2.

A.NaClW^^Na:Cl:B.NH3é|<JVSEPRO!^

O

D.24CrI￡TiWBEt-7<i?

3.

A.

c.

D.[nJj?zK't’Mà?#!FeCl,MOJ#Fe(OH),

4.T-Y-iW

A.H2O2MM4’i[lA^SMnO2|g|1$.f?jSH2O2^

B.

c.&Wà&HNO34>,fêMW,

D.WttWH2SO4￡&iif?4>,inX?CuSO4g|ft,f?iaH2éKj^éè

5.0?T<?+KC02#1so2,To

CO:

T?ij?YiEm^

A.lS^SO2M?JA^￡^?ffl

B.aHCO,MzkJWMAYHCO,

c.^fia

D.SJ1b^?WJxlSASOf+CO2+H2OHCOOH+SO]

6.

A.Cl2$i]fér84NaCIO):C12+2OH=C1+C1O+H2O

+2+

B.-a-gtA^/KiJs+WCaCO,:CaCO,+2H=Ca+H2O+CO2T

C.2Fe3++Cu=2Fe2++Cu2+

2+2+2

D.Na2S￡M7K^I$Hg:Hg+S’=HgSI

2

HOOH

’H

O

EW^d^OWVHdv

VHd

,OH

1<F'A?

WW3T±￥JW;L‘WMMVHdli^W-’6

IDHS<PW^4>

WW-aWWW-W￥W1HN?□HWW'aIDH^Zê-v

W

wwaTùmrasM^

‘WOWHm^a

-L

D.PHA+WWgf

IO.èfttèlaWSéKjM

A.F-FtOM'b^Cl-ClW?Wifé

B.H?Z>??ùKaKa

C.

D.^MftM*W.(HF)2,?n$?W￡HCl

H..W4t^M$nTo

BM?OteTW/iMéI^

A.Kéi^W^MWWaWB.L

c.M^zkt?WJKfnLD.K^Li:I

12.MT4t-ê-Na2O2#1CaH2JgA?ù&&i?Sü?2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2T,?

CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2+2H2T.

1

A.Na2O2sCaH24W-1hlO.ftW

B.?4’zK^?Mtt.M,(D^zk^^Bl^Jx^

C.Na2O24^>K^T^b^l:2,CaH2^M.PH^T?^tB^2:l

13.M'hb.dR^MgOaKMg(OH)Clrha<J^o

4

NH.CKM

A.a,c^-^iJ^HCkNH3

B.dB?nJ^^MgO,iènTW^Mg(OH)Cl

C.a&MgCl2^giJj^,WJiSàzkM^W^MgCha^^

2+

U.ow?s,^Hrr-?iwgTMga:?i?dpHn<jNa2co3^f;'i'rrjnn^r^jo

Bfchi.S1

22

ü.2i[f!j,2^T?<io^?nc(Mg')-c(oH)=Ksp[Mg(OH)2]i

2+22

c(Mg)-c(COj=Ksp(MgCO3)[7è:^c(Na2CO3)=0.1mol-L-',ffipHTc(COjé?1

A.è01.pH=10.25,C(HCO;)=C(CO2”)

B.éS2,WB^pH=lklg[c(Mg2+)]=-6,

C.èS2,Wè^pH=9.lg[c(Mg2+)]=-2,￥W^'W4>?

5

2-1

c(H2CO3)+c(HCO;)+c(CO)=0.Imol?L’

2+

D.é151Unra2,pH=8,lg[c(Mg)]=-l,

2+

Mg+2HCO;=MgCO,J<+CO2T+H2O

$$0)^5/b?,^58^o

22

15.iiW?m(S2O-)WMSO-

(1)?SJMWMW#W?

(2)kb&SIMW0JMW1SWM;*c<b,W'Wf?lftAJS&Wè:

2

(3)S2O’__________

2

(4)HfaMz5^$5?KriiE^S2OrpW^bSJMTéKJ'f-L^?l'is-T'Mi

222

SO^-—g_?S2O-Y>Ag2S+SO~?S2O’?rfct?i

3235

Na2SO3WS.Mii

(5)MgS2O3-6H2Oi￡O>9J^anm,bnm,cnm,

?(Mg(ILOKj

?s?o;

rnBèl'b?<J[Mg(H,0)J+

SfcllMgS2O3-6H2OlWW;>^Mg-mor',

3(inm=10’cmj

NA,g?cm’?

2+32

(6)S2O-^^SE^nT^M^W^AuM[Au(S2O,)2]’?#?J?S2O-^?^-ùSJM

WsiraMSJMWSW&JMWMSè:

16.^[CO(NH2)2]^fi<j^WT^^W?^RrriS?<>

6

t

(1)fflM?(AgOCN).jNH4Cl?-?^#TkmiJWCO(NH2)2,MTEè?Wt?ü

(2)r+WI)Jk.hWCO2^NH,lM$4r±-7Em^MT^WW?MMfa:

i.C02NH,NH2COONH4;

ii.NH2COONH4

,T?/￡??(?#)?

a.’??tfiê:Rt?i<RJèii

b.i^SW&hdS,ii

c.CO2(1)+2NH,(1)=CO(NH2),(1)+H2O(1)AH=E,-E4

(3)iaWftOl,

fà-?&?KN03Oi?C02sm,?^?±SJSMCO(NH2)2,Hi^S

CO-

i

?ffef?bMJW?ibift

?faW-iiSfaWfa

(4)

7

Bfcll:C(NH;)NaOHMfêtàf??

^HSO,tfiNaOH*4ilUH.SO,?itt

NH,

i.ü.B?tu.

k-fflNaOH.IM

*.3*1<

???JW't?ù'a'M.Iè-TM

??iv>t'WNaOHMfly,

17.W^inT.

(1)A-B

(2)D_______

(3)D-*E

JMS^.

^E5>j|??]^#^^oT￡glJ^W&^t?lf?5￡M.

(4)T^ijmiE^aùê(iMJ?Oo

a.

8

b.Jfl]

C.

(5)LWF4I'aWMybA7ê^oLéKJénféJ?B?^??

IlR2?H

(6)BSlhA/JL?’-f?fêD->Ef?MS,LWMR&fOJTPo

R1

______o

18.yWTOSW'MnS>FeS2)^M<tW(H￡^^MnO2)^JM$4^fêMxM?aù-#?i

3+

BMMnO2B9Mtt5M^Fe?

ci)“g^”?i?^H2so4^4’?r’^4’&<j^?M^!±?,iw*i&Fes2,n

-F?W14Ag2S

+2+

?“?”j?O+,MnS+2H=Mn+H2ST,MWIFcKsp(MnS)________,(?“>”^“<”)

Ksp(Ag2S)o

(2)?èH2SO4V§^^,emir^FeS,

(2)“MW,fêfflMFeClpHCl^CaCU?j?g^^^ltB^iJ,Ag2SqW^W[AgCl2]~m

?SHjo

3+

□Fe+Ag2S+n_____i?□+2[AgCl2]~+S

?^?^WMf??,H+lWffl:

(3)

9

(WW,AgrnIWJHAgiWf?WtfWhaWS:

(4)ftHT?￡i§w?O:?

2

19.I2TOCUW3CU\

BfchL^MTKlOb^êVFss-?(m);Mnla’WWmBl?Oo

I.t?W&WKlMinà^iJmmolWnmoll2(n>m),W?

c(KI)

f?ddtLOê.&'.fe;^'.fea^J^W^?tAéife?TL?/E,

O.OlmolL-1

I

W2O.iOiMUefe;%^-R/SJH,

O.lmolL-1

II

I2^￡Oê,fcfrfci?iJs,

4mol-L''

III

(1)Wg,CuI(W‘>”‘‘<”j￡‘‘=”)&-?&11o

2+

(2)￡^IIIff?W?Wh^M^6<j?x^WnJ^M^W[Cu(H2O)4](^fe)?￡[CuI2f(?fe),Stfif

?Wa.inACCi4>Mo

10

?Wb.#jOr^’^<>

i.,

2+

ii.§|iW4,2Cu+4r=2CuI>L+I2,[Cu(NH3)J\xmB?nM4to

SBbift'M't'^?l'KjW.:?

(3)i?'ê'^m,B??IWII^W?fe?nJ^MCuI,?I

??JsfOiJéifeW,inXf?KiM.

(???>,?mêf??.?

(4)^OCuTO+lf?,WTU^CuM

OCu2+.a>b^Jêo

fe?

(5)J?mttMMW,Wffi±^?4’Cu^i2MfttKj/tl4^^|0]tKj^@:

2023Wa^'b^zkY^^tt^TS

dtjs#)

H-lC-12N-140-16Mg-24S-32

1&-W

^W^14/J^,^42^o

1.

?PT

ii

A.HMwrawa?B.H^M+WO^MSP3^

c.EWMWtmD.5^WW^ffe

[^M]A

[O?J

[W1A.JM-?HW?^0^,^WW?0^AJ^Oh

B.WOO?WSsp2M,k???

fflsp2^,BTO1￡;

c.cw^;

D.DW,

Ao

2.

A.NaCmfc^?^Na:Cl:B.NH.éKJVSEPR^S>3

D.g&24cri-mwBfaw?^?i:?9

3d4s

[g^Jc

mW!

(O?JA.Xè^???Nar*Cl?l>AWi￡;

k

B.M^TaùVSEPRfêMRffifl^f?,BW0^:

C.Pfièêüf^TClf??Ef?j;

,D?ü?^nT^;

w4s

12

El

‘Wo^dwimisi-s

"aw

:^WfQ‘YWW?fc^‘WWWWW‘èW$fS&‘gmmMYO??-a

!^^3‘Y

W?à-êF‘WmmWfflWFWWWm□

:W

Hi&ra‘WW^V^‘Y#FWZONwraàEM‘^OTWOT*-OWWONa

^IWV‘Y?^Mà^‘?WHWWw-v[M￡ll

(é/mj

a[^MJ

MW‘MWDW/Yü?

WW<W￥WWLitf‘^‘ONHWY^W3

WCONMa

‘W@couwW/YfflM?VHV

°aw

33

‘WWWndYMfWW‘‘(HO)aa^^MWX^￥^+t-da

‘BWWa‘Y?OTSW^‘^￥<z/￥^^OTW^^^^￥±iy4HiOS}ttW'WW>a

!W￡&±v‘?m^W

‘?IWMW&BWlOWféM-V[M&1

[^Wl

a[W^]

￡(H0)3JWWVI39JWY^+X^-a

V^S!WWa

im^YWWTO’v

WYCT^WWSWiL’￡

3W

CO.

A.+

B.S?aWSfcttJMMHCO^/MSSJg^THCO:

I

c.Wa4’-Wa?^fflMiSW^4a<]CO2^so2

22

D.b+f?^M^SO-+co2+H2O—HCOOH+SO’

c

tonA.so2miêium^AIE^;

B.l?a??^NaHCO3,iWO.?CO^fgWfcMg?MS;

C.Ma^NaHCOjOC02±gNaHCO,?^Mè.^?>lkCO2,?(C

fèW-

D.^?b4>W?SO5-+CO2+H2O=HCOOH+SO;~,&D

i^C,

6.

A.Cl2$ij^-84NaCIO):C12+2OH—Cl+C1O+H2O

+2+

B.<Etilt7K^+WCaCO3:CaCO3+2H=Ca+H2O+CO2T

C.2Fe3++Cu=2Fe2++Cu2+

D.Na.Sil^^/K'l'lYjHg2":Hg2++S2’=HgS>L

14

B

[WJ

[WJA.ChaiNaOHNaCkNaCICkH2O,|OChOO

T,A^jEüH;

2+

B.^jS^2CH3COOH+CaCO3=Ca+2CH3COO-+CO2+H2O,BIWI;

C.FeC13^CuMlt^CuCh?ffiê#teBJM^FeCh,5L&^)2Fe3++Cu=2Fe2++Cu2+,C<O!h

2+2+2

D.Na2S^Hg$eft;^?i^è,Hg+S-=HgSb

faiztB?

7.

f??L*W

A.WTOOWtt

B.aww?,

c.iiWètêm?fe?m.

D.

c

[mai

(W1A.^WA?7Ktt,t^Wai^4’aùH!MTaioiMTfê2:1

AM?fê;

B.JW￡±M&C+2H2SO4(^)=CO2?+2S0,?+2H2O,

B^O§;

c.^MB?j&bMJüzKag^è^ti?lSOj^ttüOOfe-CJW?M;

D.M*g4kD?ü;

Mc?

8.

15

ABCD

A.￡M$|JC12B.￡M^C2H4C.D.^*CO2

WWtHCl

[^]D

IOTI

[W]A.MnO2HClC12,$0&Ch,A<Bh

B.C2H4TOT7K,B^O&;

c.7Kaà^MWNH3iWft?,

Wa?O,WWNH3W??>c?if?;

D.Na2CO3-^HCkCCh^?RlS,WiiS'M&?J0WNaHCChMM,D^i^;

MDC

9.

PUA

A.PHAaùMM^Tü+WMMffl

O

B.PHA-SDSi?WJLJk

HOOH

c.PHA?Mtt&ft-T^éèIW-

D.PHA'WWMW

[^1A

[Or]

16

(WJA.AWilb

O

B.èPHAéK]*èf?RW0sR0B,èWAA^R^?B^?Efà;

HOOH

C.PHA^RSe,W4&?4TW4.IW,C<Eif?;

D.PHAF?MMTG’PRW1D<Efà;

faiaiA.,

10.

A.F-F^lW^bTCl-ClfélWifé

B.EMMMFHMMKa

c.

D.n?Sti??(HF)2>

[^]A

[WFr]

[WJA.F^g/J>,F-FfêW,SifcF-FMWWê

^Cl-ClWMifé,A?Fa?;

B.F-CIlWtm^TCl-C?f?Wtt,^F,C-^tO^-rCl3C-KtM

14,^S(HMZ^?a4W￡?lêM*,i^14Mf?,

C.F-H^?<Jtm±^Cl-H^?<jf?t4,WHF'ymW.^-HCl,C*

1tMW?(HF)2,DW￡M;

A?

11.KLRIS4*IWM■?

17

e&Lmwns,T&

A.K?<jB.L^ZJI

C.M5ê￡7KMWOJmD.K-jL?Wt^?+iH?1:1

[^1D

[Mflf]

[WMJA.MMWK#7￡f?W,3MWm

W,ATO;

B.SW3TOItK^1fL1fM#2t,LBfêW;

C.M￡^±7j<MHf,MMSzKM-.W^gljK,CIüW;

D.KfilLéftifSt?&ZI±7j1:1,DJ^iE?/B;

12.M7-{tNa2O2faCaH2;Kft<jgij?2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2T;?

CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2+2H2ToT^lIWiESfiM

A.Na2O2.CaH24>

C.Na2O2r|npj?,P0^77^Lt^l:2,CaH2^[^.m?W&2:1

fe

D.^M?fU(g)^Wf￡M7?m,J^WO2faH2M?6<J*fS|Hl

[^Mlc

(Mffl

I

[WM]A.Na2O24W&7$lfnWmè,Cate^RWMT^E^Wttfcl,Afti^;

B.W-SMMKIR/S,?^7K^éèa^M,BftW;

18

+2+

C.Na2O2|llNafllO;’M.|?kWWItt1:2,CaH2FèCaffH'M,|?kfflMT'bSmL

>j2:1,ciEflfê?

D.?4-^Mi(mW?SW^iW,m?OIW.

1:2,DlgiM;

?c

13.dR?MgOj￡Mg(OH)Cl+?W'l’<,

A.a.c^iJ^HCkNH,

B.dB?W^MgO,&W<Mg(OH)Cl

C.e&MgCl^giJj*^,?A7K^^4'MgCl2aù^￡

D./b^ruw?^w-w?^

[^^]c

tmif]

[^]NH.CIW?^MNH^IIHCI,^M^?iJ?<JHCl^MgOSê^Mg(OH)Cl,Mg(OH)Cl

XpIWW^?ijHClWMgO,WJa^NH3,b^Mg(OH)Cl,cAHCl,dftMgO.

[iWJA.èW^H,aANH,.

19

C^JHCI,A?;

B.d^jMgO,

C.nTW7KMé?^Mg(OH)Cl,?A7jc^MWM^MgCl2a<J^,CjEfiê;

D.èOT?WRI&I,^EMT-T,M?>

fe&c?

14.^r-?^TMg2+?^|a|pHf]<jNa^O^M+lWt^^?

B^ll:i.HI1+lül^^Na2CO,^M4’^afê-?KWtM^pH

2+2

ii.2IM^fM^z?^^c(Mg)-c(OHj=Ksp[Mg(OH)2];MII

2+2|2

c(Mg)-c(CO“)=Ksp(MgCO3)[?i:?fl^c(Na2CO3)=0.1mol-L->2f<|s|pHTc(C0-)èS1<

$ijjo

A.èffli,pH=10.25,c(HCO’)=c(CO2’)

B.èS2,W?WSpH=lLlg[c(Mg2+)]=-6,

C.èS2,WfêW￡pH=9,lg[c(Mg2+)]=-2,

1

c(H2CO3)+c(HCO“)+c(CO3“)=0.1mol?L7

D.èS1M2,W4K^pH=8,lg[c(Mg2+)]=-l,

2+

Mg+2HCO;=MgCO3>k+co2T+H2O

20

c

[WJ

[iW-JA.AAKl1W<thpH=10.25Ht,

ASlUM/fl;

B.A?2W<tHpH=lklg[c(Mg2+)]=-6Ht,Itllffimi?TFTf,

C.A?2W#tHpH=9,lg[c(Mg2+)]=-2flt,imWIlé?±Ar,?

(i2)_|

iW^4'c(H2CO3)+c(HCO;)+c(CO‘)<0.1mol-L,D.pH=8Ht,

?W^HCO;,pH=8,lg[c(Mg2+)]=-lBt,&Af?T11K±AF,Silt

345

Jx/mOWOjMg+2HCO;=MgCO,^<H2O+CO2T,D?

MCo

58^0

22

15.?M<(S2O-)?MSO-JO<S

(i)?

(2)?

2

(3)S2O-?t$l'H]M.________o

(4)

2A2

SQ:-4-?S2O"f>Ag2S+SO;?S2O'i

3235

Na2SO3tlls,i?fêii-

(5)MgS2O,-6H2Oüliè^Sü^anm,bnm>cnm,

21

1

MgS2O,?6H2OWWWMg?mol’

________gcm’3o(inm=10’cm)

+32

(6)S2O^^^SeOTüWfeT^AuM[Au(S2O3)2]\OJ￡iJIO20’4>a7M'S^

7?SSJHlfêWWé:

(1)3s23p4

(2)I1(O)>I,(S),W;7W'Js

3235

(3)HffiW(4)Na2SO4^Ag2S

(6)SjO-'WWsOiWWH,?Mtfe7M.7êWW;Ms?TM￡itT

M>Iféttfiet?lMT1

[^?tlfl

[71?J1WJ

S￡BHJOJV1AM?X￡,?^Sj>;TWJgièW?^3s23p4?^>j3s23p4;

L7H2O?]

SWO^|S]±^7CM,s?Tfê^W3^iè-7^-,O^-7-^7,

BPO^M~*^B^TSO-M.^?ii(O)>ii(S),MJM

T^/Js^7W*^bmTlW3l;0*,^￡￡-^-7;

[<hl'?j3iWI

222

SO’W+'ùlM7-Sfl<j^Efe7x^^4,,>taoa7x7S2o’nJ#ft￡SO’^1

22

2

7osJMTOK,Ml]s203-WfêW?i?O.

[/J\|'a]4O?)

2

üSn?7S2O“^éKjRW?^,Stilg+SO^&O^SO;-,

32353235

Ag2S.iFFLI??IOJ^Na2SO3?Hs,ilf?H^?7*^Na2SO4Ag2So

3235

Na2SO4Ag2S;

PbH5WJ

ys2+

1b0al?4'-ê-W8x^+4x^+2x|+l=4^[Mg(H2O)6],2

3-#4^S2O~;

NM4M-?-",

=cmxl0

f?lXP-------“---------------TT1g‘

AAVAAabcxlO“/VAabc

[zb6vfW]

ffew,wsB&W&JMT.,

16.^g[CO(NH2)2]

(1)+Atit*etl,fflMmM(AgOCN)7/NH4Cia-^^<t-Tnmüf#CO(NH2)2,^?Oè^WIJ

(2)T<±yCO2^NH3^HM?-^M^??MT'ê-^M?

i.C02>fuNH,MNH2COONH4;

ii.NH2COONH4

NH..COONIUD

,TJiJ^?iiE?ü6<J<(W^)?

a.?§4ttê:JS.JS.i<Jx?Zii

23

b.iii

c.CO2(1)+2NH,(1)=CO(NH2)1(1)+H2O(1)AH=E,-E4

(3)MWW,

!?)-?Mfi<jKN03iOifiC02S^ft,￡ife?±R?￡t?CO(NH2)2,

?04b<W'illl?'Jtx-

(4)JS^W-i&'a-a-B:

B&:?4>C(NH;)NaOHOütfàW?o

Oso,If$NaOHUMH;SO,?8H?

mftrtNH,

U.9Mtti.ttlft

baNMNI4**ltWttM

w-

n

?è^WivNaOHcV,i+M#nn^M*Mglft￡lèiOgW

[^](DAgOCN+NH4CI=CO(NH2)2+AgCl

+

(2)ab(3)?.P0?.2NO,+16e“+CO24-18H=CO(NH2)^+7H2O

(4)

?.NH;?.^^inmtnxH2so4?a<)Ws^M

[fcW]

[/hHiWl

24

AgOCN+NH4Cl=CO(NH2)2+AgCl.

AgOCN+NH4C1=CO(NH2)2+AgCl-,

PbH2iWl

a.iftü?'S'f-Ltt^E,,JxlS.iiféftéfêlkE3,E,<E3,a^?üfti

b.iM&üM,b<m

C.&HêZ&ü:AH=E,-E2+E3-E4,cWtlW;

abo

(#13wi

?Mb±nH2OgfcOf?lW.?aWM?1H??M

+

mé'lWttTOWt/rtB2NO;+16e“+CO2+18H=CO(NH2)2+7H2O?

+

2NO;+16e’+CO2+18H=CO(NH2+7H2O:

?M^lt^MNH3ffCO2,èT&?4>#?&H2SO4,

+B

^iiipjftaAH2so4-?W^Wn^fêo^^ANH4;#nn^i>

Wlll^inAH2SO4

17.

25

OH

R—BrZn-RR"rH’°r

R'

(1)A—B

(2)?

(3)D-Eftj￡tà:

5E5W#t?ft.i￡giJj*Wa^t?Jfêj?^

(4)T?m&iE0m?(W^)o

a.F#?￡|ll!??>!xJMW

b.JflK?W?

c.?in?Cuffi^#T,

(5)L^W'a’WM^àTCJFoLlft^t?lfê??^

IR2?H

(6)B&:A/JLR;’MD^EWIMS,L^MM#SIJTPO

R‘

fsjI^7￡i______________

HS4

[](1)CH.BrCOOH+CH3CH2OH*;°CH2BrCOOCH2CH3+H2O

(2)?(3)?.EM&-T-,

W1MT±?ùC-HWM

(4)ac(5)

26

LZ

[W1fehp]

:OrH+kH3rHDOOD-?a'HDsj=HO'HD'HD+HOOD'a'HD

Udri?#

Hcl