深圳市大灣區(qū)2023年高三《英語》上學(xué)期期末試題與參考答案

深圳市大灣區(qū)2023年高三《英語》上學(xué)期期末試題與參考答案第一部分：聽力（略）第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAninternship（實(shí)習(xí)）isagreatwaytogainvaluableexperienceinyourchosenfuturecareer.Here,weoffersomefantasticworldwideinternshipswithopportunitiestohelpyougainsomereallyuniqueanddiverseexperience.DentalInternshipinSouthAfricaJoinourdentalelectivetoboostyourdentalworkexperience.You'llworkwithaprofessionaldentistandassistinday-to-daytasksatcheck-upcamps.ComparethedentalcarebetweenyourhomecountryandSouthAfrica.Requirement:Internsshouldbestudyingdentistry（牙科）JournalismInternshipinGhanaSeeallaspectsofGhanaianlifebyreportingonday-to-daylifeandtakingpartinavariedjournalisminternshipinAccra.Workforanewspaper,radioorTVstationandgethands-onexperienceinthemediaindustry.Requirement:GoodEnglishspeakersandgeneralleveloffitnessMedicalInternshipinPalampurIfyouareconsideringacareerinmedicineornursing,thisisthemedicalinternshipforyou.BasedinnorthernIndia,inthefoothillsoftheHimalayas,youwillshadowlocaldoctorsandnursesandlearnlotsabouttheIndianmedicalsystem.Requirement:Internsshouldhaveaninterestin,oralreadybestudying,amedicalrelatedcourseMedicalInternshipinRomaniaTakepartinahighlyratedmedicalinternshiponamobilemedicalunitandwithinachildren'shospital.Workinavarietyofmedicalsettingsandwithamixtureofcases,shadowingdoctorsandnursesandactivelycontributingtothecareofthepatients.Requirement:Minimumrequirementofafirstaidcertificate1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Aschoolmagazine.B.Anacademicpaper.C.Apublicspeech.D.Atravellog.2.Whichcanofferagreaterchancetofullyexperiencethelocalculture?A.DentalInternshipinSouthAfrica.B.JournalismInternshipinGhana.C.MedicalInternshipinPalampur.D.MedicalInternshipinRomania.3.Whatdothelasttwointernshipshaveincommon?A.TheyarelocatedinnorthernIndia.B.Theyneedchildcareinterns.C.Theyrequireafirstaidcertificate.D.Theyencouragelearningfromoldhands.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章提供了四個(gè)全球?qū)嵙?xí)機(jī)會(huì)及其相關(guān)要求?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Aninternship（實(shí)習(xí)）isagreatwaytogainvaluableexperienceinyourchosenfuturecareer.Here,weoffersomefantasticworldwideinternshipswithopportunitiestohelpyougainsomereallyuniqueanddiverseexperience.（實(shí)習(xí)是在你選擇的未來職業(yè)中獲得寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)的好方法。在這里，我們提供了一些很棒的全球?qū)嵙?xí)機(jī)會(huì)，幫助你獲得一些真正獨(dú)特和多樣化的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）”可知，本文主要介紹世界各地的一些實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)及其相關(guān)要求，根據(jù)DentalInternshipinSouthAfrica的“Requirement:Internsshouldbestudyingdentistry（牙科）（要求：實(shí)習(xí)生必須學(xué)習(xí)牙科專業(yè)）”，MedicalInternshipinPalampur的“Requirement:Internsshouldhaveaninterestin,oralreadybestudying,amedicalrelatedcourse（要求：實(shí)習(xí)生必須對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)課程感興趣或已經(jīng)在學(xué)習(xí)）”文章的目標(biāo)受眾為正在學(xué)習(xí)某些課程的人，可推斷應(yīng)面向?qū)W生，故最有可能出現(xiàn)在學(xué)校的雜志中。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由JourmalismInternshipinGhana中“SeeallaspectsofGhanaianlifebyreportingonday-to-daylifeandtakingpartinavariedjournalisminternshipinAccra.（通過報(bào)道日常生活和在阿克拉參加各種新聞實(shí)習(xí)，了解加納生活的各個(gè)方面。）”可知，JourmalismInternshipinGhana的這個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目可以看到加納人日常生活的方方面面，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MedicalInternshipinPalampur的“BasedinnorthernIndia,inthefoothillsoftheHimalayas,youwillshadowlocaldoctorsandnursesandlearnlotsabouttheIndianmedicalsystem.（基地位于印度北部的喜馬拉雅山麓，你將跟隨當(dāng)?shù)氐尼t(yī)生和護(hù)士，了解很多關(guān)于印度醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)。）”，以及MedicalInternshipinRomania的“Workinavarietyofmedicalsettingsandwithamixtureofcases,shadowingdoctorsandnursesandactivelycontributingtothecareofthepatients.（在各種醫(yī)療環(huán)境和混合病例中工作，跟隨醫(yī)生和護(hù)士，積極為患者的護(hù)理做出貢獻(xiàn)。）”可知，兩份實(shí)習(xí)中均出現(xiàn)shadowlocaldoctorsandnurses的表述，shadow作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“跟隨……實(shí)地學(xué)習(xí)或參觀”，故他們的共同之處在于都鼓勵(lì)向前輩學(xué)習(xí)。故選D項(xiàng)。BIn2013,Deeganwastryingtotakecontrolofherlifeafterwinningthefightagainstdrinking.Shedidquit,butshewashavingdifficultyreconnectingwithpeople.Evenlookingsomeoneintheeyesprovedtobedifficult.“Iwassortoflikeashellofapersonandjustdidn’treallyhavemanylifeskillsorself-confidence,”Deegansaid.However,bakingwassomethingthatalwaysbroughtherjoyasachild.Onedaywhilehelpingoutintheneighborhood,Deeganpickedupahandheldmixerandstartedbaking.“Mylifewasjustoutofcontrol,butbakingissuchacontrolledthing,whereifyoutaketherightstepsandfollowthedirections,you’llgetaprettyexactresult,”shesaid.Deeganstartedbringingherhomemadebakedcookiestopeople’shomes,whichhelpedherreconnectwithpeople.“Feedingpeopleissuchauniversallovelanguage,”shesaid.However,shewasstilltryingtofigureouthowtofindacareerat27yearsold.Shehadnorealworkexperienceandshecouldn’tput‘quitdrinking’”onherresume.Deegan’slifeshiftedin2015.Encouragedbyherfriends,shechallengedherselftoseeifshecouldselljustonepie.Shesolddozens!Shebeganbakingoutofhertinyapartmentandeventuallylaunchedanofficialbusinessin2017.Shespentfouryearsdevelopingapiecrustcookierecipe,whichhassincebecomethebreadandbutterofherbusiness.“Peoplehavebeenwalking,runningandlininguptogetcookies,andit’sjustbeensomagicalseeingthat,”shesaid.Whensheneedsmorehelp,Deegansaysshelooksforanyonewhoisjustexcitedtowork,eveniftheydon’thaveanyexperience.Afterherownstruggle,sherealizedthatthedesiretoworkwasbetterthanhavingacertainskillset.Andshebecameasecond-chanceemployer,hiringwomenoutofprisonorthesheltersystem.“Youjusthavetowalkthroughthedoorandbeready,willingandableandexcitedtoshowupandworkandyou’vegotajob,”Deegantoldthereporter.4.WhatwasDeeganmainlystrugglingwithin2013?A.Emotionmanagement.B.Interpersonalrelationship.CWork-lifebalance.D.Alcoholaddiction.5.WhatpreparedDeeganforherbakerybusiness?A.Workingpreviouslyinthebakingindustry. B.Seeingpeoplerunningtogetcookies.C.Wantingdesperatelytogaintotalcontrol. D.Offeringbakedfoodoutofgoodwill.6.Accordingtoparagraph4and5,whatisspecialaboutDeeganandherbusiness?A.Sheachievedsuccessthroughbaking.B.Shewasambitiousaboutherbusiness.C.Shehasanopen-dooremploymentpolicy.D.Sheonlyhiredinexperiencedworkers.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDeegan?A.Creativeandsmart.B.Persistentandreceptive.C.Honestandoptimistic.D.Kindandeasy-going.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了戒酒后想要把控自己生活的迪根喜歡烘焙，原來給別人送自制的餅干是想和別人搞好關(guān)系，這個(gè)愛好促成了她開啟烘焙事業(yè)，同時(shí)因?yàn)樽陨淼慕?jīng)歷，她在招募員工時(shí)很包容，不嫌棄對(duì)方是否有相關(guān)工作經(jīng)歷或者不光彩的過去?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In2013,Deeganwastryingtotakecontrolofherlifeafterwinningthefightagainstdrinking.Shedidquit,butshewashavingdifficultyreconnectingwithpeople.Evenlookingsomeoneintheeyesprovedtobedifficult.“Iwassortoflikeashellofapersonandjustdidn’treallyhavemanylifeskillsorself-confidence,”Deegansaid.（2013年，迪根在與酗酒的斗爭(zhēng)中獲勝后，試圖控制自己的生活。她確實(shí)戒酒了，但她很難與人重新建立聯(lián)系。事實(shí)證明，與他人對(duì)視都很困難。迪根說：‘我有點(diǎn)像一副軀殼，真的沒有很多生活技能或自信?！笨芍?013年時(shí)候的Deegan很難與人重新建立聯(lián)系，甚至都害怕與他人對(duì)視，可知，Deegan在人際交往方面很吃力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Deeganstartedbringingherhomemadebakedcookiestopeople’shomes,whichhelpedherreconnectwithpeople.‘Feedingpeopleissuchauniversallovelanguage,’shesaid.（迪根開始把她自制的餅干帶到人們的家里，這幫助她與人們重新建立聯(lián)系。她說：‘喂飽人們是一種普世的愛的語言。’）”可知，Deegan認(rèn)為給人送食物能表達(dá)愛，所以她經(jīng)常給別人送上自己做的餅干；第四段“Deegan’slifeshiftedin2015.Encouragedbyherfriends,shechallengedherselftoseeifshecouldselljustonepie.Shesolddozens!Shebeganbakingoutofhertinyapartmentandeventuallylaunchedanofficialbusinessin2017.（迪根的生活在2015年發(fā)生了改變。在朋友們的鼓勵(lì)下，她挑戰(zhàn)自己，看能不能賣掉一個(gè)派。她賣了幾十個(gè)！她開始在自己的小公寓里烘焙，并最終在2017年推出了正式業(yè)務(wù)。）”可知，也正是這種出于好意的為他人提供烘焙食品的行為，為后來Deegan烘焙店生意奠定了基礎(chǔ)，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In2013,Deeganwastryingtotakecontrolofherlifeafterwinningthefightagainstdrinking.Shedidquit,butshewashavingdifficultyreconnectingwithpeople.（2013年，迪根在與酗酒的斗爭(zhēng)中獲勝后，試圖控制自己的生活。她確實(shí)戒了酒，但她很難與人重新建立聯(lián)系）”可知，迪根以前是一個(gè)嗜酒之人，但已戒了；最后一段中“Whensheneedsmorehelp,Deegansaysshelooksforanyonewhoisjustexcitedtowork,eveniftheydon'thaveanyexperience.Afterherownstruggle,sherealizedthatthedesiretoworkwasbetterthanhavingacertainskillset.Andshebecameasecond-chanceemployer,hiringwomenoutofprisonorthesheltersystem.Youjusthavetowalkthroughthedoorandbeready,willingandableandexcitedtoshowupandworkandyou’vegotajob,’Deegantoldthereporter.（迪根說，當(dāng)她需要更多幫助時(shí)，她會(huì)找那些對(duì)工作充滿熱情的人，即使他們沒有任何經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在經(jīng)歷了自己的掙扎之后，她意識(shí)到工作的愿望比擁有某種技能更好。她成為了第二次機(jī)會(huì)的雇主，雇傭監(jiān)獄或收容所的女性。迪根告訴記者：‘你只需要走進(jìn)那扇門，做好準(zhǔn)備，愿意、能夠、興奮地出現(xiàn)并工作，你就得到了一份工作?！笨芍行锞剖返腄eegan的面包店不關(guān)注應(yīng)聘者是否有相關(guān)工作經(jīng)歷或者不光彩的過去，故有著特別開放的用人政策（open-dooremploymentpolicy），這是特別之處。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Shespentfouryearsdevelopingapiecrustcookierecipe,whichhassincebecomethebreadandbutterofherbusiness.（她花了四年時(shí)間開發(fā)了一種派皮餅干食譜，從此成為她生意的面包和黃油。）”可知，迪根很執(zhí)著（Persistent），花4年時(shí)間研發(fā)一個(gè)食譜；第五段中“Whensheneedsmorehelp,Deegansaysshelooksforanyonewhoisjustexcitedtowork,eveniftheydon'thaveanyexperience.Andshebecameasecond-chanceemployer,hiringwomenoutofprisonorthesheltersystem.（迪根說，當(dāng)她需要更多幫助時(shí)，她會(huì)找那些對(duì)工作充滿熱情的人，即使他們沒有任何經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在經(jīng)歷了自己的掙扎之后，她意識(shí)到工作的愿望比擁有某種技能更好。她成為了第二次機(jī)會(huì)的雇主，雇傭監(jiān)獄或收容所的女性。）”可知，迪根善于接受（receptive）那些有缺點(diǎn)或能改過自新的人當(dāng)員工。故選B項(xiàng)。CAlthoughweallexperiencefailureinourlives,wedon’tallreacttoitinthesameway.Aninterestingresearchhasemphasizedthenotionthattherearesomepeoplewhoembracechallengesanddisappointmentsasopportunitiestore-focustheirthinking.Thesearepeoplewithagrowthmindset.Then,thereareotherpeoplewhoseefailureasacompletefailure.Theybelievethattheyneverhadthetalentanyway,andtheyprobablyneverwill.Thesearepeoplewithafixedmindset.PsychologistDweckhasstudiedthesemindsetsandprovidedevidencethatmostpeopleintentionallyplacethemselvesinoneofthosetwogroups.Thegrouptowhichyouassignyourselffrequentlydetermineshowyoureacttochallenges.Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixedgroup.Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,“Itseemsasthoughyou’vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat?”Edisonanswered,“Ihavenotfailed.I’vejustfound10,000waysthatwon’twork.”Instudiesofcreativepeople,psychologistsdiscoveredthatadistinguishingfeatureseparatingthemfromthenon-creativeisthattheymakelotsofmistakesandcontinuetoworkthroughthem.Mostpeopleconsidersuccessandfailureaspolaropposites.Inreality,theyarebothpartsofthesameprocess.8.Whatmightpeoplewithagrowthmindsetagreewith?A.Challengesarewelcomed.B.Mistakescanbeavoided.C.Successisduetogoodluck.D.Onlytalentleadstosuccess.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asteppingstone”inparagraph2referto?A.Aroadtonowhere.B.Achallengeintheway.C.Anoutcometoexpect.D.Achancetoadvance.10.WhydoestheauthormentionThomasEdisoninparagraph3?A.Tomakeaprediction.BTopresentafact.C.Tosupportaviewpoint.D.Toclarifyaprinciple.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Howpeopleinterpretfailureoftendeterminestheircreativeoutput.B.Learningfromsuccessplaysanimportantpartinimprovingcreativity.C.Growthmindsetpeopleseechallengesdifferentlyfromfixedmindsetones.D.Whichgrouppeopleputthemselvesindecideshowtheyreacttochallenges.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.A【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章指出人們對(duì)失敗的理解、態(tài)度會(huì)決定會(huì)影響到他們的創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)出，相比輕言放棄的固定型思維的人，具有成長(zhǎng)型思維的人用發(fā)展的眼光看待失敗，更具有創(chuàng)造力?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.（如果你經(jīng)歷過失敗，并將其視為一次提升自己的機(jī)會(huì)，那么你已經(jīng)將自己置于成長(zhǎng)型群體中。）”，以及第三段第一句“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.（根據(jù)研究，成長(zhǎng)組的人往往比固定組的人產(chǎn)生更多的創(chuàng)造性想法。）”可知，對(duì)于成長(zhǎng)性思維的人來說，失敗只是一個(gè)墊腳石，從失敗中他們能生成更多創(chuàng)新的點(diǎn)子，所以具有成長(zhǎng)型思維的人愿意接受挑戰(zhàn)，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixedgroup.Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.（如果你經(jīng)歷了失敗，放棄了，你就很方便地把自己分配到固定的群體。如果你經(jīng)歷過失敗，并將其視為asteppingstone，那么你已經(jīng)將自己置于成長(zhǎng)型群體中。）”可知，固定型思維的人遇到失敗就放棄，而與之相對(duì)的是，成長(zhǎng)型思維的人把失敗當(dāng)作有幫助的，可以促進(jìn)發(fā)展，可推知，劃線短語asteppingstone和D項(xiàng)“Achancetoadvance.（一次提高的機(jī)會(huì)）”意思相近，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.（根據(jù)研究，具有成長(zhǎng)型思維的人往往比固定型思維組的人產(chǎn)生更多的創(chuàng)造性想法）”可知，這句話為段首核心觀點(diǎn)。下文“Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,‘Itseemsasthoughyou’vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat?’Edisonanswered,‘Ihavenotfailed.I’vejustfound10,000waysthatwon’twork.’（為了說明這一點(diǎn)，以托馬斯·愛迪生為例。在19世紀(jì)，愛迪生試圖改進(jìn)燈泡，并試驗(yàn)了許多材料。經(jīng)過一千多次試驗(yàn)，他終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種維持光的元素。一位記者曾經(jīng)問他：‘你似乎已經(jīng)嘗試了很多次，但每次都失敗了。為什么呢？’愛迪生回答說：‘我沒有失敗。我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一萬種行不通的方法?！笨芍?，此處為典型舉例表述，結(jié)合其內(nèi)容可知，作者提到愛迪生是以其為例來支撐本段首句提出的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，本文第一、二段主要介紹了具有成長(zhǎng)型思維的人和具有固定型思維的人對(duì)待失敗的截然不同的態(tài)度和反應(yīng)；第三、四段論證了具有成長(zhǎng)型思維的人，善于用發(fā)展的眼光看待失敗，相比輕言放棄的固定型思維的人，更具有創(chuàng)造力，可本文的大意為：對(duì)失敗的理解、態(tài)度會(huì)決定會(huì)影響到他們的創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)出。故選A項(xiàng)。DResearchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweaktheelderlyandchildren.Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreducetheirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsandconversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical（UK）PediatricClinicinYerevan,Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120childrenwhointeractedwithhimatleastonce.Healthcarerobotscouldallbenefitfromdisplayingemotionalintelligence,bothrecognizingandrespondingtohumanemotions,andtosomeextent,managingthem.Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobotsbecomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion（17%）,roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatitistoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.Today’ssimplesystemsarebeingtrainedtomeetthatdemand.Thisincludesalittlewheeledrobotthatcanguesshowyouarefeelingfromthewayyouwalk,andtherobotfromtheUniversityofLincolnintheUK—whohelpselderlypeopletostayphysicallyandmentallyactive.Theimpactofsocialrobotsonourlivestodatehasbeentiny.Butnewmodelsarebeingintroducedthatcouldmakethebreakthrough.Humanemotionsaredifficulttodefine,butastrustinrobotsincreases,breakingdownthepsychologicalbarrierbecomeseasiertoimagine.12.Whataresocialrobotsuniquelycapableof?A.Liftingheavypackagesupstairsforweakpeople.B.Teachingmentallyillteensemotionalexpressions.C.Cookingdeliciousdishesforthedisabledathome.D.Playingsongsforblindpeopleontheirrequest.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Robin’sfunctiontoreducepain.B.Robin’spopularityinhospitals.C.Robin’spracticalapplication.D.Robin’ssuccessinpassingtests.14.Howisparagraph4developed?A.Byconcludingviewpoints.B.Byanalyzingcauses.C.Bymakingcomparison.D.Bygivingdefinition.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhumanjobreplacementbyrobots?A.ItisalreadyhappeningthroughoutUK.B.Humansneedtoworkhardtosecurejobs.C.Robotscanonlymeetbasichumanneeds.D.It’sanunstoppableandbeneficialtrend.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.D【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了對(duì)社交機(jī)器人的研究：以Robin為例，處于互動(dòng)前沿的機(jī)器可以對(duì)情感做出反應(yīng)，并在情感上照顧弱者、老人和兒童，作者認(rèn)為用社交機(jī)器人來看護(hù)將會(huì)是一個(gè)不可阻擋的有益的趨勢(shì)。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.（對(duì)社交機(jī)器人的研究表明，處于互動(dòng)前沿的機(jī)器可以對(duì)情緒做出反應(yīng)，并在情感上照顧弱者、老人和兒童。）”可知，社交機(jī)器人可以對(duì)情緒（feelings）作出回應(yīng)并在情感上（emotionally）關(guān)愛弱者、老年人和小孩，這是它的不同之處，與題目中的uniquely相呼應(yīng)，故B項(xiàng)“教患有精神疾病的青少年情緒表達(dá)”與文章內(nèi)容相符，其余選項(xiàng)均非情感上的幫助。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreducetheirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsandconversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical（UK）PediatricClinicinYerevan,Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120childrenwhointeractedwithhimatleastonce.（羅賓被設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)陪伴機(jī)器人，為接受治療的兒童提供情感支持。羅賓向他們解釋醫(yī)療程序，玩游戲，講故事，并在治療期間分散他們的注意力，以減輕他們的痛感。該機(jī)器人使用人工智能來理解他人的感受，記住面部表情和對(duì)話，為后續(xù)會(huì)話建立對(duì)話。在亞美尼亞埃里溫威格莫爾醫(yī)學(xué)（英國）兒科診所的試驗(yàn)中，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，在120名使用羅賓機(jī)器人的兒童中，他們的壓力減少了34%，幸福感增加了26%）”可知，本段介紹了Robin這款為接受治療的孩子提供情感支持而設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)器人的實(shí)際用途及其帶來的積極影響。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion（17%）,roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatitistoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.（人口趨勢(shì)表明，隨著時(shí)間的推移，對(duì)機(jī)器人與護(hù)理人員一起工作的需求將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。到2050年，全球65歲及以上的人口數(shù)量將達(dá)到16億，占17%，大約是目前比例的兩倍。英國還需要350萬名護(hù)工，其中包括具有情感智能的機(jī)器人。）”可知，本段的中心句為第一句：人口趨勢(shì)表明機(jī)器人與護(hù)理人員一起工作的需求將會(huì)逐步增長(zhǎng)。接著，進(jìn)一步闡述了原因：是未來老齡化人口的增長(zhǎng)將導(dǎo)致護(hù)理人員需求的增加，其中也包括具有情感智能的機(jī)器人。因此，第四段是通過分析原因（analyzecauses）展開的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.（對(duì)社交機(jī)器人的研究表明，處于互動(dòng)前沿的機(jī)器可以對(duì)情緒做出反應(yīng)，并在情感上照顧弱者、老人和兒童。）”，第三段“Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobotsbecomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.（問題在于，隨著機(jī)器人變得更擅長(zhǎng)處理社交場(chǎng)合，人們擔(dān)心人類的工作可能會(huì)失去。）”，第四段“Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.（人口趨勢(shì)表明，隨著時(shí)間的推移，對(duì)機(jī)器人與護(hù)理人員一起工作的需求將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。）”可知，機(jī)器人在護(hù)理工作中會(huì)越來越多，呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)；以及最后一段“Butnewmodelsarebeingintroducedthatcouldmakethebreakthrough.Humanemotionsaredifficulttodefine,butastrustinrobotsincreases,breakingdownthepsychologicalbarrierbecomeseasiertoimagine.（但可能會(huì)取得突破的新型號(hào)正在推出。人類的情感很難定義，但隨著對(duì)機(jī)器人信任的增加，打破心理障礙變得更容易想象。）”可知，關(guān)于機(jī)器人取代人類來工作，因?yàn)槟苋〉猛黄频纳缃粰C(jī)器人新型號(hào)的推出，以及人們對(duì)機(jī)器人的信任的增加，打破心理障礙也變得更有可能，作者對(duì)于社交機(jī)器人取代護(hù)理人員這一前景抱有期待，認(rèn)為“機(jī)器人取代人類來做護(hù)理工作”有益且不可阻擋。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Helpingastrangercanbeeasierthanadvisingsomeonewe’veknownforever.Whenfriendsandfamilyaskforadvice,itismorecomplicated.____16____Togivebetteradvice,trylessfixingandmorelistening.____17____Youshouldstayopenifyoucan.Keepyourhandsfree.Keepyourfaceneutralandtrytoavoidlooksofshockorjudgment.Ifyoulooklikeyou’retenseoryou’redistracted,thepersonmightnotopenuptoyouasmuchasyouwouldwantthemto.Youcan’talwaysgiveadvicerightnow.TextsandFaceTimemightbeimmediate,butyouradvicedoesn’thavetobe.Youcanpolitelyexplaintosomeonethatyouwanttogivethemyourfullattentionwhenyou’reready.____18____Youdon’thavetofixtheproblem.Peoplewhoask“WhatshouldIdo?”oftenwanttoprocessaproblemthemselves.____19____Afriend’sprioritiesmightnotmatchyourown,butthatdoesn’tmeanthey’rewrong.Payattentiontopatterns.Whenyou’veknownsomeoneforyears,you’reawitnesstotheirpatternsandrepeatedmistakes.Insteadofsaying,“Ugh,you’vesaidthis15,000times,”youcanaskquestions.“Whatdoyouthinkthatmeans?”or“____20____”canbeagoodonewhenyou’retryingtogetsomeonetoconsidertheirowncycle.A.Bodylanguagematters.B.Listentothemcarefully.C.What’swrongwithyou?D.Whathasworkedforyoubefore?E.Otherwise,youcandomoreharmthangood.F.Ifwedon’tgetitright,wecouldhurtsomeonewelove.G.You’regivinggoodadviceifyoucanhelpthemgetthereontheirown.【答案】16.F17.A18.E19.G20.D【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。當(dāng)朋友和家人尋求建議時(shí)，我們應(yīng)如何處理，才不會(huì)傷害到他們，真正有利于他們解決問題，文章給出了相關(guān)的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Helpingastrangercanbeeasierthanadvisingsomeonewe’veknownforever.Whenfriendsandfamilyaskforadvice,itismorecomplicated.（幫助一個(gè)陌生人可能比建議一個(gè)我們認(rèn)識(shí)很久人更容易。當(dāng)朋友和家人尋求建議時(shí)，情況就復(fù)雜多了）”可知，上文指出當(dāng)朋友和家人向你尋求建議時(shí)可能情況比較復(fù)雜。下文“Togivebetteradvice,trylessfixingandmorelistening.（要給出更好的建議，試著少處理，多傾聽。）”，此處給出了解決這個(gè)問題的建議。F項(xiàng)“Ifwedon’tgetitright,wecouldhurtsomeonewelove.（如果我們做不好，就會(huì)傷害到我們愛的人）”，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)承上啟下，其中it呼應(yīng)上文的情況givingadvicetofriendsandfamily，而someonewelove呼應(yīng)上文friendsandfamily，同時(shí)因?yàn)镕項(xiàng)提到的不良后果，順接下文：針對(duì)這一問題給出建議。上下文銜接連貫順暢。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Youshouldstayopenifyoucan.Keepyourhandsfree.Keepyourfaceneutralandtrytoavoidlooksofshockorjudgment.Ifyoulooklikeyou’retenseoryou’redistracted,thepersonmightnotopenuptoyouasmuchasyouwouldwantthemto.（如果可以的話保持開放的態(tài)度。放開你的手。保持面部表情中立，盡量避免露出震驚或評(píng)判的表情。如果你看起來很緊張或心不在焉，這個(gè)人可能不會(huì)像你希望的那樣對(duì)你敞開心扉。）”可知，本段內(nèi)容均與身體語言（Bodylanguage）相關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)“Bodylanguagematters.（肢體語言很重要。）”符合語境，為本段的中心句。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Youcan’talwaysgiveadvicerightnow.TextsandFaceTimemightbeimmediate,butyouradvicedoesn’thavetobe.Youcanpolitelyexplaintosomeonethatyouwanttogivethemyourfullattentionwhenyou’reready.（你不能總是當(dāng)時(shí)給出建議。短信和FaceTime可能是即時(shí)的，但你的建議不一定是即時(shí)的。你可以禮貌地向某人解釋，當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備好了，你想給他們?nèi)康淖⒁饬?。）”可知，?dāng)被問及建議時(shí)，無需馬上給出；E項(xiàng)“Otherwise,youcandomoreharmthangood.（否則，你會(huì)弊大于利。）”與上文形成對(duì)比關(guān)系，指出了如果不這樣做的后果，上下文銜接連貫順暢。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Peoplewhoask‘WhatshouldIdo?’oftenwanttoprocessaproblemthemselves.（那些問‘我該怎么辦？’的人經(jīng)常想自己解決問題。）”，下文“Afriend’sprioritiesmightnotmatchyourown,butthatdoesn’tmeanthey’rewrong.（朋友的優(yōu)先級(jí)可能和你的不一樣，但這并不意味著他們是錯(cuò)的。）”可知，有時(shí)候我們不需要過多干涉他們的選擇。G項(xiàng)“You’regivinggoodadviceifyoucanhelpthemgetthereontheirown.（如果你能幫助他們自己做到這一點(diǎn)，你就給出了很好的建議。）”，與段落大意相符，其中的helpthemgetthereontheirown與上文中的processaproblemthemselves及下文中的afriend’spriorities相呼應(yīng)，G項(xiàng)承上啟下。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處在句中，上句“Insteadofsaying,‘Ugh,you’vesaidthis15,000times,’youcanaskquestions.（不要說‘啊，你已經(jīng)說了15000次了’，你可以問問題。）”，以及“‘Whatdoyouthinkthatmeans?’or‘5’canbeagoodonewhenyou’retryingtogetsomeonetoconsidertheirowncycle.（當(dāng)你試圖讓別人考慮他們自己的周期時(shí)，‘你認(rèn)為這是什么意思？’或5，是一個(gè)很好的問題。）”可知，本空應(yīng)與上句內(nèi)容一致，即問問題，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)問題，內(nèi)容應(yīng)讓人去思考自己的經(jīng)歷，D項(xiàng)“Whathasworkedforyoubefore?（以前什么對(duì)你有用）”符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分：語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandweweredeepinconversation.Becauseofhis____21____,mybrothertookawrongturn,takingustowardsa____22____andwehadnowaytoturnback.____23____,mybrotherpaidthebridgefeeanddroveon.Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistakeandthe____24____wasteof$4.Weeventuallyreachedanexitslipwayand,aswetookit,mybrother____25____abeat-upblackcarparkedbythesideoftheroad.Ayoungguywasstandingnearby____26____someone.Iwasbusytryingtofigureoutwhich____27____wewentnextbutmybrother____28____andaskedtheguyifheneededanyhelp.Andhedid.Hehada（n）____29____tireandneededatooltogetitoff.Mybrothergaveittohim,thenproceededtohelphim_____30_____thetire.Afterwehadfinishedthejobhethankedusagainandagain,pulledout$20andtriedtogiveittous.“No,”mybrothersaid.“Wewerenever_____31_____toevengetonthatbridge.Wetooka_____32_____turn.Butnowweknowwhywedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistakeintoa（n）_____33_____toserve.”WhatIlovedmostwaswatchingmybrotherthroughoutthis_____34_____.Hewasabletoseeachancetohelpeveninanotherwise_____35_____situation,whichcanonlycomefromacalmmindandanopenheart.21.A.happiness B.carelessness C.selfishness D.weakness22.A.bridge B.corner C.track D.house23.A.Nervously B.Immediately C.Unwillingly D.Unfortunately24.A.unusual B.hateful C.hopeless D.needless25.A.repaired B.noticed C.struck D.helped26.A.phoning B.reminding C.greeting D.recalling27.A.restaurant B.gasstation C.hotel D.way28.A.pulledtogetherB.pulledaway C.pulledover D.pulledthrough29.A.flat B.empty C.old D.dirty30.A.clean B.change C.fill D.choose31.A.supposed B.forced C.allowed D.required32.A.different B.opposite C.wrong D.distant33.A.wish B.ability C.belief D.opportunity34.A.progress B.arrangement C.process D.mistake35.A.dangerous B.destructive C.expensive D.negative【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.A32.C33.D34.C35.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了哥哥由于粗心大意，拐錯(cuò)了彎，導(dǎo)致我們走錯(cuò)了路并必須支付過橋費(fèi)，在這種情況下，哥哥仍然注意到了路邊需要幫助的人，并幫助對(duì)方換輪胎，感謝對(duì)方給予自己一個(gè)幫助別人的機(jī)會(huì)，哥哥的這種心態(tài)讓我敬佩?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于他的粗心大意，我哥哥拐錯(cuò)了彎，把我們帶到了一座橋上，我們沒有辦法回頭。A.happiness幸福；B.carelessness粗心大意；C.selfishness自私；D.weakness虛弱。根據(jù)上文“MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogetherandweweredeepinconversation.”可知，我哥哥邊開車，邊和我聊天，精力不集中，由此可知，由于他的粗心大意，他拐錯(cuò)了彎。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于他的粗心大意，我哥哥拐錯(cuò)了彎，把我們帶到了一座橋上，我們沒有辦法回頭。A.bridge橋；B.corner角落；C.track軌道；D.house房子。根據(jù)下文“mybrotherpaidthebridgefee”可知，我哥哥付了過橋費(fèi)，由此可知，我們開到了一座橋上。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我哥哥不情愿地付了過橋費(fèi)，繼續(xù)開車。A.Nervously焦慮地；B.Immediately立即；C.Unwillingly不情愿地；D.Unfortunately不幸地。根據(jù)下文“Hewasclearlyfrustratedbythemistake”可知，哥哥對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤感到沮喪，由此可知，他是不情愿地付了過橋費(fèi)，認(rèn)為這個(gè)錢本不必花。故選C項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他顯然對(duì)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤和4美元的不必要的浪費(fèi)感到沮喪。A.unusual不尋常的；B.hateful可惡的；C.hopeless絕望的；D.needless不必要的。根據(jù)上文“mybrothertookawrongturn”可知，哥哥是由于粗心拐錯(cuò)了彎，才導(dǎo)致不得不支付過橋費(fèi)，由此可知，這是一筆不必要的浪費(fèi)。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們最終到達(dá)了一個(gè)出口滑道，在我們往出走的時(shí)候，我哥哥注意到一輛破舊的黑色汽車停