高中英語名詞性從句講解

中學(xué)英語名詞性從句講解-名詞性從句PART1完成以下題目，并分別指出它們是什么從句1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder______youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.Thisis______hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth______theearth______aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move名詞性從句的功能：相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。主語)主語)表語)表語)Idon’t賓語)Idon’t賓語)Idon’tknowabout同位語)Idon’tknowabout同位語)得出結(jié)論：因此依據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分為四類，即：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。PART2名詞性從句的類型：1.主語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。連接詞有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。如:__________heisafamoussingerisknowntous.__________hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.__________she’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.__________broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.留意：1.為避開主語冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,常常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。記住以下it作形式主語的句型：It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清晰…It’ssaid/reportedthat…據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道…Itseems/appears/happensthat…明顯、明顯、碰巧…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已經(jīng)通知/宣布…It’snowonderthat…并不驚奇/無疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(眾所周知）/acommonsaying（俗話說）that…Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forItremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatItisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.單個(gè)的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用句單數(shù)形式；假如是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞則視狀況而定。tbeenfound.Exercises:.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.HowIt’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。如:Theproblemis_________wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.Thisis_________Henrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionis_________we(should)finishtheworkatonce.Itlooked_________itwasgoingtorain.Thereason_________wedidn'ttrusthimis_________hehasoftenlied．留意：1.假如句子的主語是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名詞時(shí),后面引導(dǎo)的表語從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。他的建議是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.2.Thereasonisthat……的理由是，…的緣由是…Thereason__________hewaslateagainwas__________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because3.Itisbecause…這是因?yàn)椤璄xercises:Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whatThequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whenThereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whatMyadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;thatEnergyis______makesthingswork.A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything3.賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。如:(1)V+賓語從句，即“動(dòng)賓”：Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers/Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.Ijustdon’tunderstand______thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect.A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis---Don’tyoubelieveme---______,Iwillbelieve______yousay.A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision”“Theyalwaysletmedo______IthinkIshould.”A.whenB.thatC.howD.what(2)prep+賓語從句，即“介賓”：He’spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyoneMarywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.thatItwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever(3)adj+賓語從句，即“形賓”：I’msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.不能誤將”It+be+adj+that”的主語從句當(dāng)成賓語從句.如：ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.留意：(1)whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？苫Q。但下面狀況不能互換。①賓語從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if會(huì)引起誤會(huì)，就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（假如把whether改成if，簡(jiǎn)單當(dāng)成條件句理解）③賓語從句中的whether與ornot干脆連用，就不能換成if；不干脆連用，可換成if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.④介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether可與不定式連用，構(gòu)成whethertodo結(jié)構(gòu)。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不能用whether。Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.Exercises:Iaskedher__________shehadabike.__________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.We’reworriedabout__________heissafe.Idon’tknow__________heiswellornot.Idon’tknow___________ornotheiswell.Thequestionis__________heshoulddoit.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.(2)假如賓語從句是由that引導(dǎo)，and或but連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列的賓語從句,則只有第一個(gè)that可以省略，其次個(gè)或其次個(gè)以后的that不能省略.Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.假如賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，就用it作形式賓語，將賓語從句后置，并且that不行以省略.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.(3)表示“建議，吩咐，要求”的賓語從句，如advise,suggest,order,request,require,demand等，從句用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。(4)在“主語+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，其否定形式要用否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即主句否定，從句確定。Idon’tthinkhewillcome.Idon’tthinkI’lltroubleyouagain.Idon’texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.(5)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：a.假如主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句謂語可依據(jù)句意須要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài).他信任他的幻想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的.Hebelieves_________________________.b.請(qǐng)告知我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么.Pleasetellme_________________________.b.假如主句謂語是一般過去時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),但假如從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī)律等時(shí)，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。他告知我他正在為考試做打算.Hetoldme_______________________________.他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。Hetoldme_________________________________.老師告知我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的.Theteachertoldus_________________________.Exercises:Doyousee______ImeanA.thatB./C.howD.whatTellme______isonyourmind.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whyWemuststickto______wehaveagreedon.A.whatB.thatLetmesee______.A.thatcanIrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradioKeepinmind______.A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersayB.whetherIcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradioC./D.howC.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid4.同位語從句：在復(fù)合句中起同位語的作用。一般放在名詞idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后,用以說明或說明前面的名詞。常用that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,which等引導(dǎo)(whose和which不引導(dǎo)同位語從句)Weallknowthetruth______theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whetherWeheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whereTheproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.ifTheyexpressedthehope______theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whenThefact______hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what留意：1.名詞suggestion,advice,order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。a.Thesuggestionthathe______atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.wasputforwardB.putforwardC.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforwardb.Thesuggestionthatwe______topicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.AwentB.wouldgoC.goD.wereallowedtogo2.同位語從句有時(shí)沒有緊跟在名詞后面，而是被別的詞分開，稱為隔裂式同位語從句。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.WordcamethatTomwouldgoabroad.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whetherThere’safeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.whatItremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatDandyleftwordwithmysecretary______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which3.如何推斷同位語從句和定語從句a.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，充當(dāng)賓語成分時(shí)可省略。b.同位語從句對(duì)中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的說明和說明，表明中心詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分，只起連接作用,無詳細(xì)含義,且不行省略.五．名詞性從句的考點(diǎn)歸納：1.名詞性從句的語序：a.That+陳述句：---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---______itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreakb.疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求運(yùn)用陳述語序，不能用一般疑問句語序,即“疑問詞+句子的剩余成分”。Idon’tknowwhenhewillgotoNanjing.a.Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()b.Couldyoutellmewherehelives()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive()2.表示“建議，吩咐，要求”的名詞性從句，如(suggest)suggestion,(advise)advice,order,request,demand等，要用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。3.that可省略的狀況：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)賓語從句中的that可省略that不行省略的狀況：主語從句表語從句同位語從句用it做形式賓語的賓語從句并列的賓語從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略Idon’tthink________sheiscoming.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.Thenews________ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshouldreadEnglishaloud.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddiedand__________hehadtomakealivingalone.4.關(guān)于whether與if的運(yùn)用：Whatthedoctorisuncertainaboutis______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyElephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand______itisroughorsmooth.A.不填B.whetherC.howD.whatThequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how______hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.EvenifExercise:我們何時(shí)實(shí)行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒有確定。________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他長(zhǎng)的什么樣子。Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.這就是我遺忘眼鏡的地方。Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.指出帶下劃線的從句屬于名詞性從句中的哪一種3.I’msogladdoesn’tmattertoomuch.9.Hedoesn’tknow推斷下列各句哪句含出名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.相關(guān)練習(xí)：1.Ihavenoidea______hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that2.Thenews______surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how3.Oneofthemenheldtheview______thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat4.Wordhascome______someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which5.Theyreceivedorders______theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that6.______Ican’tunderstandis______shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because7.Ihavetheinformation______.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.---CanIhelpyou---Yes,doyouknow______A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes9.Hemadeapromise______anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif10.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand______mademattersworsewas______nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what11.We’dliketodo______wecan______thepoor.A.how;helpB.all;tohelpC.whatever;helpD.however;tohelp12.---Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.---Oh,thatwaspr