地質(zhì)詞匯表大全

地質(zhì)相關(guān)詞匯◆地質(zhì)(Geology)地質(zhì)年代（GeochronologyofGeologicAges）Archaeozoicera(erathem)太古代（界）Proterozoicera(erathem)元古代（界）Palaeozoicera(erathem)古生代（界）Mesozoicera(erathem)中生代（界）Cenozoicera(erathem)新生代（界）Sinianperiod(system)震旦紀(jì)（系）Cambrianperiod(system)寒武紀(jì)（系）Ordovicianperiod(system)奧陶紀(jì)（系）Silurianperiod(system)志留紀(jì)（系）Devonianperiod(system)泥盤紀(jì)（系）Carboniferousperiod(system)石碳紀(jì)（系）Permianperiod(system)二疊紀(jì)（系）Triassicperiod(system)三疊紀(jì)（系）Jurassicperiod(system)侏羅紀(jì)（系）Cretaceousperiod(system)白堊紀(jì)（系）Tertiaryperiod(system)第三紀(jì)（系）Quaternaryperiod(system)第四紀(jì)（系）地質(zhì)構(gòu)造（GeologicStructural）fault斷層normalfault正斷層reversedfault逆斷層parallelfault平移斷層joint節(jié)理unloadingjoint卸荷節(jié)理schistosity片理bedding層理foliation板理（葉理）orientationofbedrock巖層產(chǎn)狀strike走向dip傾向angleofdip(dipangle)傾角fold褶皺anticline背斜syncline向斜Monocline(homocline)單斜dome穹隆softstratum軟弱巖層zoneoffracture(brokenzone)破碎帶affectedzone影響帶platystructure板狀構(gòu)造fracture(rupture)斷裂fissure(crack/fracture)裂隙巖石類型（Rocktype）petrology巖石學(xué)igneousrock火成巖magmaticrock巖漿巖lava(vocanicrock)火山巖intrusive(invade)rock侵入巖effusiverock深成巖pypabussalrock淺成巖acidrock酸性巖inter-mediaterock中性巖basicrock基性巖ultrabasicrock超基性巖granite花崗巖porphyry斑巖rhyolite玢巖syenite流紋巖trachyte粗面巖diorite閃長巖andesite安山巖gabbro輝長巖basalt玄武巖aplite細(xì)晶巖pegmatite偉晶巖lamprophyre煌斑巖diabase輝綠巖dunite橄欖巖pumice浮巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖clasticrock碎屑巖clayrock黏土巖chemicalrock化學(xué)巖biolith生物巖conglomerate礫巖sandston砂巖siltstone粉砂巖mudstone泥巖Shale(marly)頁巖（泥灰質(zhì)）salinerock鹽巖limestone石灰?guī)rdolomite白云巖marl泥灰?guī)rvolcanicbreccia火山角礫巖volcanicagglomerate火山塊集巖tuff凝灰?guī)rmetamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖slate板巖phyllite千枚巖schist片巖gneiss片麻巖quartzite石英巖marble大理巖mylonite糜棱巖migmatite混合巖cataclasite碎裂巖sediment(deposit)沉積物（層）boulder漂石、頑石cobble卵石gravel礫石sand砂siltstone粉土clay黏土sandyclay砂質(zhì)黏土clayeysand粘質(zhì)砂土sandyloam壤土、亞黏土regolith(topsoil)浮土、表土loess黃土laterite紅土peat泥炭ooze軟泥、海泥Swellingclay膨脹土造巖礦物（Rock-formingMinerals）talc滑石gypsum石膏graphitic石墨mica云母calcite方解石fluorite螢石apatite磷灰石feldspar長石quartz石英topaz黃玉corundum剛玉diamand金剛石orthoclase正長石plagloclase斜長石biotite黑云母muscovite白云母amphibole角閃石phroxene輝石olivine橄欖石dolomite白云石kaolinite高嶺石montmorillonite蒙脫石bentonite斑脫石、膨潤土illite伊力石garnet石榴子石chlorite綠泥石serpentine蛇紋石pyrite黃鐵礦hematite赤鐵礦magnetite磁鐵礦limonite褐鐵礦工程地質(zhì)（EngineeringGeology）Geotechnics(geotechnique)土工學(xué)（土工技術(shù)、巖石工程）rockmechanics巖石力學(xué)soilmechanics土力學(xué)geomechanics地質(zhì)力學(xué)/巖石力學(xué)geologicalconditons地質(zhì)條件engineeringgeologicalproblem工程地質(zhì)問題rockmassstructure巖體結(jié)構(gòu)geographicandgeomorphic地形地貌geophysicalphenomenon物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象hydrogeologicalconditions水文地質(zhì)條件naturalmaterials天然材料reservoir水庫settlement沉降displacement位移deformation變形tectonicstress構(gòu)造應(yīng)力residualstress殘余應(yīng)力angleofinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角cohesion內(nèi)聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressuretunnel壓力隧洞undergroundcavern/cavity地下洞室overburden覆蓋物（層）diposit堆積物（層）bedrock(baserock/foundationrock)基巖firm/soundrock堅(jiān)硬巖石weak/softrock軟弱巖石interbed夾層zoneoffracture(brokenzones)破碎帶homogeneity均質(zhì)性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity非均質(zhì)性isotropy各向同性anisotropy各向異性Rockburst巖爆squeez擠壓礦物質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì)(PhysicalCharacterofMinerals)hardness硬度cleavage解理luster光澤color顏色transparencey/pellucidity透明度streak條痕rent/fracture斷口crystalform晶形巖石學(xué)(Petrology)classification分類structure構(gòu)造應(yīng)力texture結(jié)構(gòu)mineralcomposition礦物組成crystalline結(jié)晶質(zhì)amorphoussubstance非晶質(zhì)fossil化石degreeofrounding磨圓度degreeofgrains粒度地層地貌(StratumandPhysiognomy)basin盆地rivervalley河谷riverbed河床topography地形terrain地勢attitude產(chǎn)狀rockbase(batholite)巖基rockstock巖株rockflow巖流rockloccolith巖蓋rocklopolith巖盆rockdike巖墻rocksill巖床veindyke巖脈sediment(deposit)沉積物（層）alluvium沖積物（層）proluvium(diluvium)洪積物（層）deluvium坡積物（層）eluvium殘積物（層）eoliandeposit風(fēng)積物（層）lakedeposit湖積物（層）marinedeposit海積物（層）glacial(drift)deposit冰川沉積物（層）colluvialdeposit(colluvium)崩積物（層）cross-bedding交錯(cuò)層geologicstructure地質(zhì)構(gòu)造geotectonics大地構(gòu)造學(xué)graben地塹horst地壘cordance(conformity)整合discordance(unconformity)非整合deceptivecordance/conformity假整合地質(zhì)作用(PhysicalGeologyAction)weathering風(fēng)化erosion侵蝕transportation搬運(yùn)deposition/sediment沉積denudation剝蝕corrasion侵蝕、腐蝕dissolution溶蝕landslide滑坡collapse(rockfall)崩塌mudflow泥石流earthquake地震intensity烈度magnitude震級(jí)土（Soil）angleoffriction摩擦角watercontentaslimit界限含水量coarse-grainedsoil粗粒土coefficientofcompressibility壓縮系數(shù)compressionmodulus壓縮模數(shù)consolidated-undrained(quick)sheartest固結(jié)不排水剪（固結(jié)快剪）試驗(yàn)consolidated-drained(show)sheartest固結(jié)不排水剪（慢剪）試驗(yàn)consolidationcoefficient固結(jié)系數(shù)Darcy'slaw達(dá)西定律degreeofconsolidation固結(jié)度directsheartest直接剪切試驗(yàn)distributioncurve分布曲線driftsoil(shiftingsoil/massflow)流土effectiveangleofinnerfriction有效內(nèi)摩擦角expansionration(specific)膨脹率filteringflow(seepageflow)滲流Preventseepage/leakage防滲fine-grainedsoil細(xì)粒土hydraulicslope水力坡降hydrostaticheadmethod常水頭法limitequilibriumstate極限平衡狀態(tài)liquefaction液化liquidlimit液限liquidityindex液化指標(biāo)loose松散的maximumdrydensity最大干密度methodofsieving篩分法normalstress法向應(yīng)力（正應(yīng)力）optimummoisturecontent最優(yōu)含水量piping管涌plasticlimit塑限plasticityindex塑性指標(biāo)porewaterpressure空隙水壓力porosity空隙率principalstress主應(yīng)力Proctorcompactiontest普氏擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)relativedensity相對密度saturability(saturationdegree/percentsaturation)飽和度saturatedunitweight飽和容重seepagedeformation滲透變形seepageforce(seepagepressure)滲透力shearstress切向應(yīng)力（剪應(yīng)力）specificgravityofsoilparticle土粒比重triaxialcompressiontest三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)unconfinedcompressionstrength無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度unconsolidatedundrainedtest不固結(jié)不排水剪（快剪）試驗(yàn)variableheadmethod變水頭法void(pore)ratio孔隙比wetdensity濕密度aggregate骨料Lugeon呂容附錄1.工程結(jié)構(gòu)物名稱統(tǒng)計(jì)concretecutoffwall砼防滲墻corecutofftrench芯墻截水槽damabutment壩肩damaxis壩軸線dambody(embankment)壩體damcrest壩頂damfoundation壩基damshell壩殼damsite壩址filter反濾層groutcurtain灌漿帷幕plasticzone塑性區(qū)rockcontactpart基巖連接部分rockfillriprap堆石護(hù)坡saddledam副壩soilslopingcore土質(zhì)斜芯墻upstreamblanket上游鋪蓋bridgeabutment橋臺(tái)、橋肩bridgepier橋墩shaft豎井Cofferdam(weir)圍堰accesstunnel交通洞◆測量（Survey）adjust校正、調(diào)整basicpoint基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)compass羅盤、指南針chainage(stationnumber)樁號(hào)check校核、對照controlpoint控制點(diǎn)contourline等高線profile斷面（圖）、縱剖圖topographicmap地形圖指標(biāo)（Indexes）compressivestrength抗壓強(qiáng)度compressivestress壓應(yīng)力graduation級(jí)配shearstrength抗剪強(qiáng)度specificweight/gravity比重stabilityagainstsliding抗滑穩(wěn)定性strain應(yīng)變surfacefinish表面平整度tensilestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度tensilestress拉應(yīng)力thermalstress溫度應(yīng)力water-cementratio水灰比◆開挖（Excavation)明挖（OpenExcavation)benchexcavation臺(tái)階開挖foundationexcavation基礎(chǔ)開挖localexcavation局部開挖mass(bulk)excavation大面積開挖protectivelayerexcavation保護(hù)層開挖rockexcavation巖石開