2024屆高考英語七選五題型特點-解題思路 導學案

習題課高考英語七選五題型特點-解題思路-技巧及訓練班級_________姓名___________日期________學習目標掌握七選五的解題思路和技巧一.前置研究：1.題目要求：根據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。高考大綱要求：《考試說明》對該題型命題的目的表達為“主要考查考生對文章整體內容、結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。”2.考查方式1.篇：主旨句，即對文章整體內容的理解2.段：過渡句，注意文章結構3.句：注釋句，注意上下文邏輯選項中的多余兩項可以通過以上特點排除，如過于寬泛，以偏概全，或者偏離主題的句子，與文章行文結構不一致的句子，與上下文脫節(jié)的句子等應為多余選項。二.解題思路：1.看位置：是段首段中還是段尾2.找詞匯：鎖定選項與文中信息相關聯(lián)的詞匯3.思邏輯：思考選項與文中信息是否符合行文邏輯三.解題策略1.標題型（1）大標題短小精悍，大寫。（2）小標題短小精悍，形式統(tǒng)一，多為名詞性短語或祈使句2.首句型（1）首段首句，點出主題，引出下文。（2）中間段首句，本段主題，上下文承接。（3）末段首句，文章主題，總結全文。3.段中型細辨關系，注意關鍵詞銜接（1）詞匯線索，包括代詞，同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，原詞復現(xiàn)。（2）邏輯關系線索，包括并列遞進，轉折對比，順序因果，解釋例證。4.段尾型承上啟下作用或與上文存有某種邏輯關系或結論句四.解題步驟1.看標題副標題，預測文章大意,如果有的話。2.如果沒有標題，先看選項，注意選項句首的連詞，如If，But,And,However,等等；注意句子中的代詞，如it,he,she,this,that，they等等，代詞一般指代上文中提到的事物,因此有代詞的選項，要弄清代詞指代什么。用筆把這些詞劃下劃線標注。3.通讀全文，注重看空前空后的句子中出現(xiàn)的代詞或名詞性短語；注意文章行文結構，注意句式，例如，某段首句是空，而其它段開頭都是祈使句，那么這個空應該也要填祈使句，那就在選項中找祈使句，如果選項中只有一個祈使句，那么就是它；如果有兩個或以上祈使句，再看其是否能夠概括該段的主題，再鎖定答案。4.靈活掌握答題順序，第一空一般先不要選，先易后難，先選確定的空，再逐步縮小包圍圈。建議將阿拉伯題號寫在選項字母前。5.代入答案，通讀判斷是否通順，可以將多余選項代入文中，確定排除。五.實戰(zhàn)演練,小試牛刀（先獨立完成，然后小組討論合作探究）1.詞匯復現(xiàn)。詞匯復現(xiàn)是指文章上下文不同位置對同一概念進行重復描述，以保證前后銜接，主要包括原詞復現(xiàn)，同義詞復現(xiàn)，近義詞復現(xiàn)，反義詞復現(xiàn)，派生詞復現(xiàn),同范疇詞等。同范疇詞。同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關或同一領域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達到語義銜接的目的。例如，fruitapple,banana,pear,sportsrunning,swimming,jumping,furniturebed,table,chair.Kids'health:FourstepsforfightingstressEverybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.1_____.Somewaysofdealingwithstress-likescreamingorhittingsomeone一don'tsolvemuch.Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbetter.Trytakingthesefoursteps.thenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktotrustedadult,suchasparentorotherrelatives.2____Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.(2)Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves.Oh,dear,that'snotgoodidea.Rememberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou.Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.3———(3)Trytosolvetheproblem.Afteryou'recalmandyouhavesupportfromadultsandfriends,it'stimetogetdowntobusiness.4______.Evenifyoucan'tsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit.(4)Bepositive.Moststressistemporary(暫時的).Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especiallywhenyoufigureouttheproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit.Thesestepsaren'tmagic,buttheydowork.Andifyoucanstaypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,you'llhelpyourselffeelbetterevenfaster.5_____A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.B.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.C.DifferentpeoplefeelstressindifferentwaysD.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.G.Then,findawaytocalmdown.2.代詞指代。英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。代詞是代替名詞或一句話的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。巧妙利用指代關系和根據(jù)代詞的單復數(shù)差異可以準確快速地解題。Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit’seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight:?Scheduleyearlyexams.1_____.Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.?ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外線).Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it’sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.2________.?Giveyoureyesabreak.Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.3_____.Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.?4______.Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(維生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.?Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses（隱形眼鏡）.ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.5_____.Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.A.Eatyourgreens.B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.D.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.E.Parentsusuallydon’tcareabouttheirowneyesight.F.Alwaysfollowthedoctor’sadviceforappropriatewear.G.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.3.邏輯關系銜接。并列關系：First或Firstly,Second或Secondly,First,then,next;Inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,foronething,fortheotherthing遞進關系：besides,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,tomakemattersworse因果關系：so,therefore,consequently,asaresult,asaresultof,because,becauseof,since,as,解釋例證關系：forexample,forinstance,thatistosay,namely,inotherwords,轉折對比關系：but,however,yet,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,nevertheless,still,incontrast,概括歸納關系：inshort,insummary,ingeneral,inconclusion,toconclude,brieflyspeaking,generallyspeaking,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup,Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways1_______.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takingoffersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.2____.Wheneverorwhereveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.3______.

Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.

●Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.

●Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmainpointsandsupportingfacts.

●Writeyournotesinyourownwords.

●4_______.

●Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidorwritten.

Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.5______.

A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.

B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.

C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.

D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.

E.Youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.

F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.

G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.4.相似句式。比如上題中的第4空，應和其它句子一樣，用祈使句。A（第2空）Forpeoplewiththousandsofpagestoread,speedreadingseemslikeamannafromheaven.Inaddition,speedreadinghelpslightentheloadofinformationyouhavetoabsorbsinceitprovidesafilterthatyoucanuseinscreeningallbitsofinformationbeforeyouapproachthem.1_____.Examininghowmuchinformationyouneedwillhelpyouidentifyhowyoushouldreadacertaindocumenttomaximizeyourlearningandcomprehension.Thoroughreadingmaynolongerbenecessaryinsomecases,suchaswhenyouonlyneedanoutlineofacertaindocument.Anotherskillthatcaneasetheburdenofareaderistheabilitytoreadwordsinblocks.Makesureyoudonotspendtoolongonacertainblock.2_____.Thisalsomakesreadinglesstiresomeandboring.Tomasterthisimportantskill,youhavetopracticereadingmoreandmorewordsinacertainblockatonetime.Asuggestionsharedbysomeexpertsregardingthisstepistoincreasethedistancebetweenyouandthedocumentyouarereading.Ifyoucanreadmoreandmorewordsinoneblock,youcancutdownonthetimeitusuallytakesyoutoreadacertaintextandyouwillbeabletoreadmoreinashorterperiod.Readersshouldalsopracticereducingthenumberoftimestheygobacktoprevioussectionsorblocks.Usingapointersuchasthetipofapencilorpencanalsohelptomaketheflowofyourreadingsmootherandfaster.3____.Thus,yourspeedinreadingwilllargelydependonthespeedofthemovementofyourpointer.Ifyoustillfindyourselfconfusedaboutthetopicevenafteryouhavefinishedreadingthedocument,donotre-readrightaway.Re-readingimmediatelywilljustleadtoslowerspeedinreading.4______.Gettingyourownreadingcornerwillalsohelp.5______.Continuepracticingandpracticingthetechniquesaforementionedandsoon,you'llachievethereadingspeedthatwillworkbestforyou.A.Inthistechnique,youreyeswillfollowthetipofthepointer.B.Thissavestimeandreducestheeffortthatyouhavetomake.C.Takingashortbreakfirstisrecommendedbeforereadingthematerialagain.D.Asafinalnote,themostimportantpointisconsistentanddeliberatepractice.E.Yourinvaluabletimecanbesavedifyoucanhaveyourreadingspeeddoubled.F.Thefirststeptoincreaseyourreadingspeedistoidentifythespecificinformationyouneed.G.Reducingthetimeyouspendonaspecificnumberofwordsinablockwillmakenodifference.B（第40空）Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock.36.Hereishowtomakeone.37.Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreason,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake. Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38.That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer. Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39. Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40.Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafétogetcoffee.綜合運用舉例：TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward，theriskseemsworthtaking.__1__Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk－takerswerebetterathunting，fighting，orexploring.__2__Asthequalityofrisk－takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext，humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well，even200，000yearsago，toomuchrisk－takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived，though，alongwithafewstay－in－the－cavetypes.Asaresult，humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit.__3__.Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk－seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.__4__Tohelpyoudothat，yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks，soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.__5__Fortherisk－seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive，whilefortherestofus，apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk－seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains，thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B．Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C．Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D．Thus,thesewell－equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E．Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F．However，wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G．Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.教師總結：詞匯是基礎，理解是關鍵。閱讀是學習任何語言的方法和目的。博覽群書，博聞強記，只有通過大量有益的閱讀，才能拓展我們的語言能力，幫助我們獲取所需的語言信息。閱讀分為有聲的朗讀和默讀，每天應抽出時間，大聲朗讀文章或對話，深刻體會篇章脈絡，對于生詞更要多次反復，加深記憶；默讀適用于考試和平時閱讀文章以獲取有用信息，每讀完一篇文章，要將生詞解決，查清音標，詞性，意思和固定搭配，記錄在筆記本上或記在出處，早讀和其它空閑時間，拿出來朗讀背誦。自己小結：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________課后作業(yè)：AEveryoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.__1__Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon’tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn’tdifficult._2_Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.__3__Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou’restandingattheocean’sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn’tfresh.4__Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you’dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon’tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn’tastastyasthefreshone.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.__5__First，cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(調料)．Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then，it’sreadytoserve.Donotbuyit.B．Theeasiestistosteamit.C．Thisishowyoucandoit.D．Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E．Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F．Whenbuyingfish，youshouldfirstsmellit.G．Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.BThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy._1.__Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingthe