鐵人中學(xué)2020級(jí)高三學(xué)年上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試卷

鐵人中學(xué)2020級(jí)高三學(xué)年上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試

英語(yǔ)試題

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1分，滿分5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),

并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。

1.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Hisarticleisquitelong.B.Heisfinishingthearticle.C.Hecan'tfinishthearticleontime.

2.Howdoesthewomangobackhometoday?

A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.

3.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.ShecanonlyusetheEnglishdictionaryinthelibrary.

B.SheiswelcometousetheEnglishdictionaryatanytime.

C.ShecanborrowtheEnglishdictionaryfromthelibrary.

4.Whoisthegirlcominguptothespeakers?

A.Lisa,thetalleroftwinsisters.B.Linda,thetalleroftwinsisters.C.Lisa,theshorteroftwinsisters.

5.Whatdoesthewomanmostlikelymean?

A.Theyhavedifferentmailways.B.Theyhaveonlyonemailway.C.Shedoesn'tknowhowtoanswer.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，

每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6至8題。

6.Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?

A.At4:30.B.At5:00.C.At5:30.

7.Whereisthewomangoing?

A.ToNewYork.B.ToWashington.C.ToNewYorkthentoWashington.

8.WhatisthewomanprobablygoingtodoinWashington?

A.Gotowork.B.Gotoschool.C.Staywithhersister.

聽第7段材料，回答第9至11題。

9.Whatwillthewomandoatfirstafterclass?

A.Pickupherbrother.B.Dosomehousework.C.Doherhomework.

10.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Haveadinner.B.Listentoaconcert.C.Watchamovie.

11.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

A.Theywillgooutforamovie.

B.Theymightmeeteachother.

C.Theywillplaycomputergametogether.

聽第8段材料，回答第12至14題。

12.Whattimedoyouthinktheplanetakesoff?

A.Fivetoten.B.Fivepastten.C.Fivetoeleven.

13.WhatisprobablyTom?

A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Headteacher.

14.Whichmonthdoyouthinkitisnow?

A.July.B.November.C.March.

聽第9段材料，回答第15至17題。

15.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Touristandtourguide.B.Touristanddesigner.C.Twotourists.

16.Whatcanweknowaboutthehotel?

A.ThequeenCleopatrausedtolivethere.

B.Itisnamedafterawell-knownperson.

C.Itisthetallestbuildingintheworld.

17.Whatistrueaboutthehotelroom?

A.It'sfarfromthebeach.

B.Itprovidesasplendidviewofthesea.

C.Thetemperatureoftheroomiscomfortable.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.WhatisEnriqueIglesias?

A.Asinger.B.Anactor.C.Awriter.

19.WhereisNataliePortmanfrom?

A.Korea.B.TheUS.C.LatinAmerica.

20.WhatwillAhntalkabout?

A.Hislatestmusicandhiswife.B.Hislifeandhisfutureplans.C.Hispastexperiencesandfeelings.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

SituatedalongthePacificFlyway,agoodmigratorypaththatstretchesfromAlaskntoPatagonia,SantaCruz

playshosttohundredsofbirdspecies.Justheadtooneofthespotslistedbelowandseeforyourself!

UCSCArboretum

Thediverseplantsthatattractawiderangeofbirdsmakethesegardensawonderfulplacetostart.Markyour

calendarfortheArboretum'spopularHummingbirdDays,afamily-friendlyfestivalthatcelebratesthetinybirdson

March5thand6th.

NaturalBridgesStateBeach

Thisscenicparkisexcellentforbirdwatchersduetoitswidesamplingoflocalhabitats.Over250birdspecies

havebeenrecordedinthearea.

NearyLagoon

Birdsongfillstheairatthispeacefuloasislessthana10-minutewalkfromthefunoftheSantaCruzBeach.A

walkwayallowsvisitorsafront-rowviewofbirdssuchasAmericanCoots.

WatsonvilleWetlands

Thewetlandsprovideayear-roundhomeforlocalbirdsandserveasastopformigratorybirdsvisitingfrom

faraway.DropbytheNatureCentreforexhibits,maps,andsuggestionsforbestspotstovisit.

BirdingTips

?Theearlybirdergetstheworm.You'relikelytoseemorebirdsearlierratherthanlaterintheday.

?Notwovisitsarelikelytobethesame.Varyingtimesandseasonsbringdifferentbirdsandbehaviour.

?Nomatterhowcutethoselittlebirdsare,youshouldresistfeedingthemwithyourbread.It'sunhealthyforthe

birdandthesurroundingecosystem.

HowtoGetMoreInvolved

WerecommendjoiningtheSantaCruzBirdingClubforpubliceventsandabundantonlineguides.Contactus

freeatBirding&WildlifeWatchKitforregistration.

1.WhyaretheremanybirdsintheUCSCArboretum?

A.Theplaceisveryfamily-friendly.

B.Therearemanykindsofplants.

C.ThereareArboretum'sHummingbirdDays.

D.Theplacehaswidesamplingoflocalhabitats.

2.WhichplacecanonereacheasilyonfootfromtheSantaCruzBeach?

A.NearyLagoon.B.UCSCArboretum.

C.WatsonvilleWetlands.D.NaturalBridgesStateBeach

3.Whenisthebesttimetowatchmorebirds?

A.Inthemorning.B.Inthenoon.C.Intheafternoon.D.Intheevening.

【答案】l.B2.A3.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了圣克魯茲島觀鳥場(chǎng)地以及人們觀鳥時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的一些事項(xiàng)。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UCSCArboretum部分的“Thediverseplantsthatattractawiderangeofbirds…（各種各樣

的植物吸引了各種各樣的鳥類……）”可知，UCSCArboretum有很多鳥是因?yàn)橛泻芏喾N植物。故選B。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NearyLagoon部分的uBirdsongfillstheairatthispeacefuloasislessthana1O-minutewalk

fromthefunoftheSantaCruzBeach.Awalkwayallowsvisitorsafront-rowviewofbirdssuchasAmerican

Coots.（在這片寧?kù)o的綠洲，鳥鳴彌漫著空氣，距離圣克魯斯海灘的樂趣步行不到10分鐘。一條走道讓游客

可以在前排看到美國(guó)白骨頂?shù)萨B類）”可知，從圣克魯斯海灘步行就可以輕松到達(dá)NearyLagoon。故選A。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章BirdingTips部分第一點(diǎn)的uYou^elikelytoseemorebirdsearlierratherthanlaterinthe

day.（你可能會(huì)在一天的早些時(shí)候看到更多的鳥）”可知，在一天中，去得更早（在早上）會(huì)看到更多的鳥。

故選Ao

B

Intheworldofwater,2021wasanotheryearfortherecordbooks.PartsofWestemEuropesufferedfromdeadly

floodswhilelargeareasofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesremainedlockedinamassivedrought.

Onemightthinkthatourimpressivewatermanagementwouldsafeguardsocietyfromsuchcatastrophicevents.

Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmostofthewaterengineeringis

unpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemostalarmingwake-upcalls

camefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearlyforcedtobeshutoffafter

severedroughtdriedupitsreservoir(水庫(kù)).

Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams(水壩)thatoftenresultin

moredisastrousflooding.Rather,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.

TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamagefromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompleted

project,whichgivesriverroomtospreadoutbyredirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsofthestormy

riverbymorethanafoot.Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboostingorganic

matterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,00()gallonsperacre,creating

flexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.Thismeansfarmlandpracticessuchastheplantingofcovercropscan

notonlyraiseoutputbutimprovewatermanagement.

Solutionsdon'tcomeeasily,buttheyarekeytoalivablefuture.Whileit'stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsof

climatechange,wecanavoidtheworstofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.

4.CapeTownismentionedtoshow.

A.thereservoirwasofnouse

B.newwatermanagementisinneed

C.howawfulitwaswithouttapwater

D.theexistingwatermanagementisimpressive

5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.TheNetherlandswassparedfromflooddamage.

BTheriver'swaterlevelwasreducedtooverafoot.

C.Improvingsoil'swater-holdingabilityispractical.

D.Plantingcropsboostsorganismsatthecostofproduction.

6.Whichofthefollowingwaterprojectsmightwintheauthor'sfavor?

①"RestoringHealthySoil”

②"FillingWetland”

③''StrengtheningDam^^

(4)“MakingRoomforRiver”

A.①②B.②③C.③④D.?@

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Waterdisaster:wayoutofcontrol

B.Investmentinwater:akeytothefuture

C.Nature-basedsolution:awayoutforwater

D.Goodnews:farmingpracticesworkingwell

【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹水災(zāi)頻發(fā)下給水治理帶來的新啟示。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第二段中的"Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmost

ofthewaterengineeringisunpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemost

alarmingwake-upcallscamefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearly

forcedtobeshutoffafterseveredroughtdriedupitsreservoir（水庫(kù)）.（然而，說到水，過去不再是未來的良好指

南，大多數(shù)水利工程對(duì)日益發(fā)生的極端天氣的后果毫無準(zhǔn)備。其中一個(gè)最令人震驚的警鐘來自開普敦市，

在嚴(yán)重干旱導(dǎo)致水庫(kù)干涸后，該市400萬居民的水龍頭幾乎被迫關(guān)閉）”和下文“如何利用水治理應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)害

的方法”可知，極端天氣日益頻繁而以前的水利工程不適用于新的變化，開普敦就是一個(gè)例子，緊接著后

文談及應(yīng)該如何做，所以提及開普敦是為了表明我們需要新的水治理方式。故選B項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第四段中的uAgriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboosting

organicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,

creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐提供了另一種策略?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將土壤

中的有機(jī)質(zhì)增加1%,可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英畝18000加侖，從而在強(qiáng)降雨和干旱期都具有靈活

性）”可知，提高土壤有機(jī)物能提高其持水容量（從而有利于應(yīng)對(duì)干旱和洪澇），這在農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐上是可行的。

故選C項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第四段中的uAgriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboosting

organicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,

creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐提供了另一種策略?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將土壤

中的有機(jī)質(zhì)增加1%,可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英畝18000加侖，從而在強(qiáng)降雨和干旱期都具有靈活

性）”可知，提高土壤有機(jī)物，恢復(fù)土壤健康，這能提高其持水容量（從而有利于應(yīng)對(duì)干旱和洪澇），這在農(nóng)

業(yè)實(shí)踐上是可行的，說明作者贊同①“恢復(fù)土壤健康”；由第四段中的“TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamage

fromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompletedproject,whichgivesriverroomtospreadoutby

redirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsofthestormyriverbymorethanafoot.（由于最近完成的項(xiàng)

目，荷蘭避免了歷史性洪災(zāi)造成的重大損失，該項(xiàng)目通過將洪水重新導(dǎo)向濕地，將暴雨河流的一部分降到

一英尺以上，使河流空間得以擴(kuò)展）”可知，荷蘭通過最近的水利項(xiàng)目使河流空間得以擴(kuò)展，避免了歷史性

洪災(zāi)造成的重大損失，說明④“為河流騰出空間”會(huì)贏得作者的青睞；可得出作者會(huì)贊同①④水利工程。

故選D項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。由第三段Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams（水

壩）thatoftenresultinmoredisastrousflooding.Rather,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.（盡管這可能很有

吸引力，但解決辦法是不要進(jìn)一步建造更大、更高的水壩，這往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的洪水。相反，要更多地

利用自然過程）。最后一段中的“Whileit'stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsofclimatechange,wecanavoidtheworst

ofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.（雖然現(xiàn)在避免氣候變化的影響為時(shí)已

晚，但我們可以通過加大對(duì)此類基于自然的水解決方案的投資來避免最糟糕的影響）”和其它段落可知，文

章以災(zāi)害引入，進(jìn)而舉例談及用基于自然的方法解決問題，結(jié)尾呼吁對(duì)自然方法的投資，C項(xiàng)“基于自然的

解決方案：水的出路”一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)，既指自然方法提供出路，又指把水通過自然方式導(dǎo)出去。故選C項(xiàng)。

C

ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreen

businessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancial

supporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshave

gonehome.

MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10,000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.

ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEngland,JamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanbe

recycled.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummer,thecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.

TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitect,whohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurches,

Mr.Dunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistents,whichhecalledMyhabs.

ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMr.Dunlopgraduatedfromhisproduct

designdegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.

Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity'sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessesandfounda

supporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint'sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Mint

hascommittedaround￡500,000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop'sbusiness.Thefirst

Myhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummer,beforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.

Mr.Dunlopsaidthatthedesign,whichaccommodatestwopeople,couldhaveotheruses,suchasfordisaster

reliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.

Formusicevents,thecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambefore

thefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwards.Theycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywill

offerreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior（夕卜部的）advertisingspace.

Thebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipants,withGlastonhuryhavingsome150,000eachyear.

Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecoming

increasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.

8.44Eco-friendlytents"inparagraph1refertotents.

A.economicallydesirable

B.favorabletotheenvironment

C.forholdingmusicperformances

D.designedfordisasterrelief

9.Mr.Dunlopestablishedhisbusiness.

A.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMint

B.withtheapprovaloftheCity'sadministration

C.inpartnershipwithafinancegroup

D.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect

10.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.theweatherintheUK.ischangeableinsummer

B.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenair

C.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailored

D.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusers

11.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.

A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletents

B.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboards

C.anunusualsuccessofagraduationproject

D.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals

【答案】8.B9.C10.CILA

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。為了讓大型節(jié)日慶典更環(huán)保，JamesDunlop獲得靈感研發(fā)了一種可循環(huán)利用的帳

篷，目前他的想法已經(jīng)得到一家公司的支持。這種新型環(huán)保帳篷有望在明年上市。

【8題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句eco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthe

crowdshavegonehome.（eco-friendly帳篷用紙板做，在樂隊(duì)和人群離開回家后，可以重復(fù)使用）可知，這

種帳篷是對(duì)環(huán)境有利的。另外，根據(jù)eco-friendly的構(gòu)成也可猜出其含義為“對(duì)環(huán)境有利的"。B.favorableto

theenvironment.（對(duì)環(huán)境有力的）符合eco-friendly的意思。故選B項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity'sprivatecompanieswhichfundnew

businessesandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.（為了籌錢，他去了本地為新業(yè)務(wù)提供資金的公司，

其中財(cái)團(tuán)Mint成為他的支持者）可知，Mr.Dunlop與Mint為合作關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第二段最后一句"Theycanbepersonalized”（它們可以個(gè)性化定制）暗示可以根據(jù)用戶的

要求來制作，選項(xiàng)CthecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailored（他生產(chǎn)的帳篷可以為使

用者專門定做）符合意思。故選C項(xiàng)。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題o根據(jù)文章第一段中的Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-aware

music-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcan

berecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.（綠色商業(yè)的勝利一定會(huì)吸引有環(huán)保意識(shí)的音樂愛

好者，一名設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)的學(xué)生將獲得財(cái)政支持，用紙板制作環(huán)保帳篷，這些帳篷在樂隊(duì)和人群回家后可以回

收）可知本篇主要講，設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)學(xué)生嘗試使用紙板制作可回收的環(huán)保帳篷。A.anattemptatdeveloping

recyclabletents（開發(fā)可回收帳篷的嘗試）可以概括本篇大意。故選A項(xiàng)。

D

Areyoutheonlychildinyourfamily?Ifso,doyouenjoyitordoyouwantmoresiblings（兄弟姐妹）?

OnMay31,akeymeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChinaunveiledapolicythatwouldallowallcouplesto

haveuptothreechildren.

Themoveisexpectedtomaximizethepopulation'sroleindrivingeconomicandsocialgrowth,sincethisisa

criticaltimeforChinatotransformtheworld'smostpopulouscountryintoapowerhouse（強(qiáng)國(guó)）withaquality

workforce,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission.

Thethree-childpolicyisalsoexpectedtopreventthedeclineinthenation'sbirthrateandaddressthechallenge

ofarapidlyagingpopulation,ChinaDailyreported.

China'sannualnumberofnewbornshasfallenforfouryearsinarow.Thecountry'stotalbirthrate—theaverage

numberofchildrenborntoeachwoman-stoodat1.3in2020.Thenumberisbelowtherateof2.1thatwould

maintainastablepopulation,accordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics.

Thedecliningbirthratehasalsobroughtasharpincreaseintheproportionofthepopulationaged60orabove,

risingfrom10.3percentto18.7percentinthepastdecade.Anincreasinglyelderlypopulationwillincreasethecost

oflaborandthepressureonthesocialsecuritynet.Italsomeanstherewillbealackofyounglaborforce.Therefore,

ifsnotgoodforeconomicgrowth,accordingtoChenYouhua,aprofessoratNanjingUniversity.

Infact,thenewbirthpolicyisasteptofurtherrelaxthefamilyplanningpolicy.Theone-childpolicywas

introducedinthe1970sandaimedtocontrolthefast-growingpopulation.Thenin2013,Chinaallowedcouplesto

haveasecondchildifeitherparentwasanonlychild,andin2016,allcoupleswereallowedtohavetwochildren.

However,notallpeoplehaveshowntheirsupportforthislatestpolicy.Manycouplescomplainedaboutthe

risingcostsofraisingachild.AnetizennamedQinfengcommented,"Highcostofeducationandboththephysical

andmentalexhaustionstoppedmefromhavingmorethanonechild."Also,manywomenarereluctant（不情愿的）

togivebirthbecausethatcouldmeansacrificingtheircareerprospects,accordingtoMuGuangzong,aprofessorat

PekingUniversity.

Inthatcase,Munotedthatitisbettertoimplementsupportingmeasureswiththethree-childpolicy,suchas

morepreferential（優(yōu)惠的）policiesforcouplesthatwouldeasetheirparentalburden.

12.WhatmightNOTbethemaincauseforthenewpolicy?

A.Toincreasethepopulation'srole.

B.Tostopthedecliningbirthrate.

C.Toimprovethechild-careservicesystem.

D.Toaddressthechallengeoftheagingpopulation.

13.Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?

A.China'sannualnumberofnewbornshasfallenfordecades.

B.Thegovernmentwillprotectthelegalrightsofwomeninemployment.

C.Measureswillbetakentoimprovethehigh-qualityeducation.

D.Thenewpolicyallowscouplestohaveuptothreechildren.

14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"implement"?

A.Tocarryout.B.Togetalongwith.

C.Tomakeuseof.D.Tohaveacommandof.

15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhisloveofchildrenhealthcare.

B.Tointroducethenewfamilysizepolicy.

C.Tosharehisconcernsaboutbirthrate.

D.Toemphasizethephysicalandmentalexhaustion.

【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了即將實(shí)施的“三孩”政策。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段"Themoveisexpectedtomaximizethepopulation'sroleindrivingeconomicandsocial

growth,sincethisisacriticaltimeforChinatotransformtheworld'smostpopulouscountryintoapowerhouse（強(qiáng)

國(guó)）withaqualityworkforce,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission4國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)表示，此舉預(yù)

計(jì)將最大限度地發(fā)揮人口在推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)增長(zhǎng)中的作用，因?yàn)槟壳笆侵袊?guó)將世界上人口最多的國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)變

為擁有高素質(zhì)勞動(dòng)力的強(qiáng)國(guó)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻o）"、第四段"Thethree-childpolicyisalsoexpectedtopreventthedecline

inthenation'sbirthrateandaddressthechallengeofarapidlyagingpopulation,ChinaDailyreported.（據(jù)《中國(guó)日

報(bào)》報(bào)道，三孩政策還有望防止中國(guó)出生率的下降，并應(yīng)對(duì)人口快速老齡化的挑戰(zhàn)。）”可知，選擇項(xiàng)A、

B、D在文中都提到過。選擇項(xiàng)C“完善托兒服務(wù)體系”不是新政策的主要原因。故選C。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“OnMay31,akeymeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChinaunveiledapolicythat

wouldallowallcouplestohaveuptothreechildren45月31日，中共中央召開重要會(huì)議，公布了一項(xiàng)政策，允

許所有夫婦最多生育三個(gè)孩子。）可知，政府即將采取新政策，允許一對(duì)夫妻生育第三胎。故選D。

【14題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句"suchasmorepreferential（優(yōu)惠的）policiesforcouplesthatwouldeasetheir

parentalburden.（比如為夫婦提供更多的優(yōu)惠政策，以減輕他們的負(fù)擔(dān)。）”可知，為了實(shí)施三孩政策，需要

配套相應(yīng)的措施。所以implement應(yīng)為“實(shí)施”之意。故選A。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了即將實(shí)施的“三孩”政策。所以可以推斷，作者的寫作意圖

是介紹一項(xiàng)（家庭規(guī)模）新政策。故選B。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Narcissists（自戀者）arepeoplewhoaresimplyinterestedinthemselves.Theytalkaboutthemselves,demand

admirationandrecognitionandbelieveeveryoneelseshouldenvythem.16Whenyoucomeacrossa

narcissisticperson,yourinitialreactionmightbeshocksbutinsomecasesthebestreactionmightbenoneatall.

Understandthatnarcissismisapersonalitydisorder.17Oftenthepersoncan'thelphimself-he

actuallybelieveshisideaofbeingsuperiortoothers.RememberthatNarcissisticPersonalityDisorder（NPD）is

classifiedasamentalillness.

18.Anarcissistfeedsoffattentionfromothers.Whenthepersonstartstalkingabouthimself

excessively,thebestthingtodoisjustwalkaway-leavethesituation.

Havereasonableexpectationsaboutthepersonandhisabilitytostopbeingself-absorbed.Thisisnotadisorder

thatgoesawayonitsown——oftenthepersonwillneedintensivecounselingtodealwithhisnarcissism.Suggest

counselingifyouareinacloserelationshipwiththeperson,suchasamarriage.19,hisconditionmay

improvewithtreatment

20.Anarcissistcanbeaburdenonhisfriendsandfamilyandwilloftenputothersdownasawayof

buildinghimselfup.Itisimportanttohavehighconfidenceyourself,sothatyoudonotstarttobelieveandabsorb

whathesaysasifitisthetruth.

A.Staypositiveandstrong-minded

B.Ignorethepersonwheneverpossible

C.Givehimorherahandwheneverpossible

D.Whilehemaynotbeabletostopthebehaviorcompletely

E.Oftenitisrootedinchildhoodissues,suchasabuseorneglect

F.Whenyouaresufferingfromthiskindofmentaldisorderoccasionally

G.Theymightevenlieorexaggerate（夸大）thetruthasawaytoliftthemselves

【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.D20.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說明文，自戀者是指那些只是對(duì)自己很感興趣的人。本文介紹了與自戀者打交道時(shí)應(yīng)注意

的一些問題和建議。

【16題詳解】

上文“Narcissists（自戀者）arepeoplewhoaresimplyinterestedinthemselves.Theytalkaboutthemselves,demand

admirationandrecognitionandbelieveeveryoneelseshouldenvythem.（自戀者是指僅僅對(duì)自己感興趣的人。他

們談?wù)撍麄冏约?，要求別人的欽佩和認(rèn)可，并相信其他人都應(yīng)該嫉妒他們）”講述了自戀者的一些表現(xiàn)，只

對(duì)自己感興趣，認(rèn)為別人都應(yīng)該嫉妒他，因此推斷G項(xiàng)“他們甚至可能通過撒謊或夸大真相來提升自己”

符合語(yǔ)境，與上文是并列關(guān)系，談?wù)撟詰僬叩囊恍┩庠诒憩F(xiàn)，故選G。

【17題詳解】

上文“Understandthatnarcissismisapersonalitydisorder.（要理解自戀是一種人格障礙）”講述自戀是一種心理

疾病，下文uOftenthepersoncan'thelphimself—heactuallybelieveshisideaofbeingsuperiortoothers.（通常這

個(gè)人無法控制自己——他實(shí)際上相信自己比別人優(yōu)越的想法）”分析這種心理疾病的根源，因此推斷E項(xiàng)“它

通常植根于童年時(shí)期的問題，如虐待或忽視”符合語(yǔ)境，與下文是并列關(guān)系，分析自戀產(chǎn)生的根源，承上

啟下。故選E。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)下文提供的建議“Anarcissistfeedsoffattentionfromothers.Whenthepersonstartstalkingabouthimself

excessively,thebestthingtodoisjustwalkaway—leavethesituation」一個(gè)自戀者會(huì)吸引別人的注意力。當(dāng)這個(gè)

人開始過分地談?wù)撟约簳r(shí)，最好的辦法就是離開——離開這種情況）”，遇到自戀者談?wù)撟约哼x擇離開是最好

的辦法。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“盡可能地忽略這個(gè)人”符合語(yǔ)境，面對(duì)自戀者時(shí)的最好解決辦法是忽視他，離開

這種情況。故選B。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“hisconditionmayimprovewithtreatment（他的病情可以通過治療改善）”可知，此處談?wù)撊绾巫柚?/p>

自戀的產(chǎn)生，空處是一個(gè)從句，D項(xiàng)“盡管可能無法完全阻止這種行為”符合語(yǔ)境，與下文構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系。

故選D。

【20題詳解】

下文“Itisimportanttohavehighconfidenceyourself,sothatyoudonotstarttobelieveandabsorbwhathesaysas

ifitisthetruth.（對(duì)自己有很高的自信是重要的，以便于你不會(huì)開始相信和理解他說的似乎是事實(shí)）”建議你

要積極自信。因此推斷A項(xiàng)“保持樂觀和意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。

第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳

選項(xiàng)。

WhenWilliams,oncealibrarian,now54-yearold,becameanelementaryschoolteacherandtutorinDanville,

Virginia,shewantedherstudentstofallinlovewith21justasshehad.Butearlyon,she22some

kidshadlimited23tobooks.ToWilliams,the24wassimple:Givekidsbooks.In2017,she

25gaveaway900usedchildren'sbooksoverthreedays.Mostpeoplewouldbe26withthat.

“Iwantedtodosomethingthafsgoingto27myfaith,myworkethic,myeverything.^^Soshe

28anewgoalforherself:Giveawayonemillionbooks.Itsoundslikean29number,butas

Williams30onFacebook:"Don'tcomplaininthebleachers（露天看臺(tái)）ifyouaren'twillingtoworkhard

outonthe

Soshegotdownto31,firstbypersuadingfriendstodonatebooks.or32buybooks.Before

long,asnewsofWilliams'sproject33.strangersstartedleavingpacksof34onherfrontporch.

Asquicklyasthebookscomein,Williams35themtolocalschools-freeofcharge.Shealso

36abookclubforprisonersinthelocaljail.

Inthefouryearsshe'sbeendoingallthis,theBookLady,asWilliamshascometobeknown,has37

morethan78,000books―only922,000moretoreachher38!Andshe'snotslowingdown.It'stoo

importantforkidswith39options."Readingcantakeyouanywhere.Youcantravelintimeand

40.Ifyoucanread,youcanlearnalmostanything.^^

21.A.teachingB.readingC.drawingD.writing

22.A.assumedB.predi