情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件【知識(shí)精講精研】 高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣Step1SpeechStep2LearningObjectivesLearningObjectives1.Enablestudentstoknowtheusageofmodalverbandsubjunctive.2.Improvestudents’abilitytosolvetheproblemaboutthem.Step3Lead-in[高考感悟]單句填空1.(2020·天津卷)Jimsayswe____stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.

2.(2020·江蘇卷)IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I_______notbewhereIam.

3.(2018·北京卷)Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.

4.(2018·江蘇卷)It’sstrangethathe__________havetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.

canwould

may/canshould

5.(2018·江蘇卷)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI___________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.

6.(2018·天津卷)Ican’tfindmypurse.I_____________________(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI’mnotsure.

7.(2018·北京卷)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_______________(drive)afewmorekilometers.

8.(2018·天津卷)Ifwe_______________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.

hadcould/mighthaveleft

haddrivenhadcaughtStep4Explanation情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表現(xiàn)在的能力,could主要指過(guò)去的能力。表示“過(guò)去成功做成某事”時(shí)通常用was/wereabletoThelittleboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Everyonewasabletoescapewhenthefirebrokeout.表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上,并不涉及此事真的發(fā)生),常譯為“往往會(huì),有時(shí)候可能會(huì)”。常用于肯定句中AlthoughyoucanfindbargainsinLondon,it’snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.表示請(qǐng)求和允許。在問(wèn)句中could語(yǔ)氣比can要委婉CanIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.考點(diǎn)一can與could表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中Howcanyoubesocareless?表示推測(cè)。常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)Hecan’tbeintheclassroom;thelightisnoton.cannot/cannever...too/enough...表示“再……也不為過(guò)”Youcan

neverbetoocarefulwhendrivingacar.cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”Youcannotchoosebutgowithme.用于第二、三人稱(chēng)的陳述句中,表示命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等;此外,頒布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)也用shallYoushalldoasyourfathersays.Eachpartyshallrespectthearticlesofthiscontract.用于第一、三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中,表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ街甘維hallthemanstandingoutsidehaveatry?考點(diǎn)二

shall考點(diǎn)三

must表示主觀上的“必須,應(yīng)該”,其否定形式mustn’t表示禁止。對(duì)比:haveto表示客觀上的“不得不”,可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)Theworkmustbefinishedassoonaspossible.OK,then,youmustn’tforgetyourmedicalcard.以must開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句,其否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto—MustIpayincash?—No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表達(dá)出說(shuō)話者的一種不滿情緒—CanIsmokehere?—No.Gotothesmokingsection,ifyoumust.表示對(duì)具體事情的推測(cè),意為

“一定,肯定”,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),只用于肯定句中Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown.表示義務(wù),常譯為“應(yīng)該”,用于各種人稱(chēng)。oughtto的語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)烈Parentsshould/oughttotakegoodcareoftheirbabies.表示推測(cè),譯為“可能,(按道理)應(yīng)該”,多指對(duì)未來(lái)合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果的一種期盼It’snearly8o’clock.Heshouldbehereatthemoment.表示驚訝、意外等,常譯為“竟然,居然”Youshouldwearslippersintheclassroom.用在if條件句中,should表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣IfIshouldseehim,Iwouldtellhimthenews.考點(diǎn)四

should與oughtto表示意愿,用于各種人稱(chēng)的陳述句中。would常指過(guò)去的意愿Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’llgiveittoyou.表示請(qǐng)求、建議,常用于第二人稱(chēng),用在疑問(wèn)句中。would語(yǔ)氣較委婉Willyoupleaseclosethewindow?表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,常譯為“總是,慣于”Thedoorwouldn’topen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.考點(diǎn)五

will與would注意would

可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向,后面接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。used

to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。I

still

remember

my

happy

childhood

when

my

mother

would

take

me

to

Disneyland

at

weekends.考點(diǎn)六

may與might表示請(qǐng)求、允許、許可,might比may語(yǔ)氣委婉Youmayusemybike.表示推測(cè),常用于陳述句中,語(yǔ)氣比較弱,把握性不大。might語(yǔ)氣比may還要弱Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestmight/maybecometherichest.may/mightaswell+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“最好,倒不如……”Youmay/mightaswelldoitatonce.maywell+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“完全能,很可能”Hemaywellbelateforclass.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿Mayyoureturninsafety!考點(diǎn)七

need與dare兩者都可以作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面要接動(dòng)詞原形,通常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),其變化和一般的動(dòng)詞相同,有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do,does,did。dare用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí),常省略后面的to—I’vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanweneedn’tbringanythingwithus?Thelittlegirldidn’tdare(to)gooutatnightalone.need用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),若主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者,用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.Idaresay為習(xí)慣說(shuō)法,意為“我想,大概”Idaresayshedarenotspeaktoherfatherinthismanner.在肯定句中都可以用來(lái)表示可能性。在含義上must語(yǔ)氣最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示理論上的可能性Thenewsmustbetrue.在否定句中只能用cannot/can’t和maynot。can’t(不可能)語(yǔ)氣比maynot(可能不、也許不)更強(qiáng)Thenewscan’tbetrue.在疑問(wèn)句中只能用can,不能用may和mustCanthenewsbetrue?should與oughtto可以表示對(duì)未來(lái)情況的一種期盼,常譯為“按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”Heshould/oughttobehereontime—hestartedearly.考點(diǎn)八

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)

考點(diǎn)九

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonecouldhavedone本可以Youcouldhavepassedtheexam,butyouweresocareless.can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做過(guò)Icouldn’thaveenjoyedmyselfmore—itwasaperfectday.may/mighthavedone可能做過(guò)Sorry,I’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.musthavedone一定做過(guò)Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.考點(diǎn)九

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedoneshould/oughttohavedone本應(yīng)該/竟然做過(guò)Look!Therearesomanymistakesinyourcomposition.Youshouldhavefixedfullattentiononit.needn’thavedone本不需要做Youneedn’thavegonetoschool,foritisSundaytoday.hadbetterhavedone當(dāng)時(shí)最好做過(guò)Wehadbetterhaveremainedathomewhenourunclevisitedusthatday.wouldlike/lovetohavedone寧愿做過(guò)Iwouldliketohavehelpedyou,butIwastoobusythen.TaskDrawamapabouttheusageofmodalverb虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于非真實(shí)條件句

從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)would/should/could/

might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIwereyou,Iwould

seizethechance.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞would/should/could/

might+have+過(guò)去分詞Ifyouhadtakenmyad-

vice,youwouldn'thavefailed.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反①過(guò)去式②should+動(dòng)詞原形③wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/

might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifheshouldn'tcome

tomorrow,wewouldput

offthemeeting.使用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.用于賓語(yǔ)從句以下動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句常常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即謂語(yǔ)為“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”

Theteacherrecommendedthateveryone(should)takeanactivepartintheEnglishparty.易錯(cuò)提示suggest作“暗示、表明”講,

insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”講,賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,而使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.易錯(cuò)提示省略if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣如果if從句中含有were/should/had時(shí),則可以省略if,把這三個(gè)詞置于句首,采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototheparty.→WereIyou,Iwouldgototheparty.Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.2.

用于主語(yǔ)從句Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/

natural/apity/essential+that從句,

從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”,Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itisstrangethathe(should)havetreatedhisparentslikethat.3.

用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句在suggestion、proposal、order、idea、request、advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,

謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成是“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.

虛擬語(yǔ)氣在wish、asif、ifonly后的句子中條件從句謂語(yǔ)形式例句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)Ifonly/HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!Helooksasifhewereanartist.從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生had+過(guò)去分詞IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstayedinAmericaforalongtime.從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生would+動(dòng)詞原形HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgototheU.S.A.他如此努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),好像他要去美國(guó)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在“wouldrather+that從句”中條件從句謂語(yǔ)形式例句對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬過(guò)去式(be用were)I'drathertheydidn'thearofthenews.對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬had+過(guò)去分詞I'dratherIhadnottoldhimthebadnews.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在“Itis(high)time+that從句”中that從句謂語(yǔ)形式例句過(guò)去式或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,且should不能省略Itis(high)timethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.Step5Exercise虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于含蓄條件句中有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要,在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件從句,而

是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件從句。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,...=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,...=Haditnotbeenfor

yourhelp,...Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.

Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothing

aboutit.Afewhoursearlier

(=Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier),

youwouldhavebeenabletomeetthefamouswriter.單句填空1.IwishI_______________abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.

2.IfI_______________(have)moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.

3.TheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing_______________(arrest)rightaway.

4.Themaninsistedthathe_______________(send)there.

5._______________(be)Iyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.

6.Lookattheclock!It’s(high)timewe_______________(go)home.

7.Heorderedthework__________________(start)atonce.

8.I’dratheryou_______________(stay)athomealldaytoday.

hadbeenhadhad(should)bearrested(should)besentWerewent(should)bestartedstayed解題技法單句填空1．TheAntarcticaissomysteriouslydescribedbysomepeople.If