2021年4月自考00830現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題及答案含解析

現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)年月真題

0083020214

1、【單選題】Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyof______.

langue

language

A:

grammar

B:

parole

C:

答D:案：B

解析：語(yǔ)言學(xué)通常被定義為對(duì)語(yǔ)言的科學(xué)研究。

2、【單選題】Thespeechsoundsarethelimitedrangeofsoundswhichare______

inhumancommunication.

grammatical

audible

A:

physical

B:

meaningful

C:

答D:案：D

解析：這種有限的聲音范圍在人類的交流中很有意義。

3、【單選題】Suffixessuchas-er,-enand-lessareexamplesof______.

freemorphemes

roots

A:

boundmorphemes

B:

stems

C:

答D:案：C

解析：這些語(yǔ)素本身不能被使用，但必須與其他語(yǔ)素結(jié)合，形成可以獨(dú)立使用的單詞。它

們被稱為束縛語(yǔ)素。比如-er,-en和-less。

4、【單選題】Asentencenormallyconsistsofatleastasubjectandits

predicatewhichcontainsa(n)______ora(n)______.

gerund...infinitive

finiteverb...verbphrase

A:

B:

entity...act

existence...occurrence

C:

答D:案：B

解析：一個(gè)句子至少包含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂詞，其中包含一個(gè)有限動(dòng)詞或一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。

5、【單選題】Thelinguisticsymbol“dog,”whilebearingthesame______has

twodifferentreferencesinthefollowingutterances:“Iwasoncebittenbya

dog."and“Mindyou.Thereisadogoverthere.”

sign

sense

A:

signature

B:

system

C:

答D:案：B

解析：語(yǔ)言符號(hào)狗，雖然具有相同的意義，但在以下話語(yǔ)中有兩種不同的引用：我曾經(jīng)被

一只狗咬過(guò)。請(qǐng)注意，那邊有一只狗。顯然，具有相同意義的語(yǔ)言形式在不同的情況下可

能有不同的參考資料。

6、【單選題】AccordingtotheCooperativePrinciple,thefollowingconversation

violatesthemaximof______.A：Shallwegetsomethingforthekids?B：Yes.But

IvetoI-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.

quantity

quality

A:

relation

B:

manner

C:

答D:案：D

解析：交際者在交際中要遵循4項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)則，數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則，質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則，關(guān)聯(lián)準(zhǔn)則和方式準(zhǔn)則。例

句中說(shuō)這話時(shí)，A和B都知道B能很容易說(shuō)出“icecream”這個(gè)詞，但B卻違反了方式準(zhǔn)

則。他的意外之意是：“Idon’twantthekidstoknowwearetalkingaboutice-

cream.”

7、【單選題】Intermsoflanguagefamily,Chineseisamajormemberofthe

______.

Indo-EuropeanFamily

Sino-TibetanFamily

A:

AustronesianFamily

B:

C:

AfroasiaticFamily

答D:案：B

解析：漢語(yǔ)是世界上最流行的語(yǔ)言，是漢藏家族的主要成員。

8、【單選題】Thestandardlanguageofmanycountries,suchasStandardEnglish,

StandardFrenchandMandarinChinese,isalsodesignatedasthe______language.

official

vernacular

A:

legal

B:

scientific

C:

答D:案：A

解析：許多國(guó)家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言，如標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法語(yǔ)和普通話，也被指定為官方語(yǔ)言。

9、【單選題】Lateralizationreferstothelocalizationofcognitiveand

perceptualfunctioninaparticularhemisphereofthe______.

head

mind

A:

brain

B:

heart

C:

答D:案：C

解析：認(rèn)知和感知功能在大腦的特定半球的定位被稱為側(cè)化。

10、【單選題】Whenwesaythatlanguageacquisitionisprimarilytheacquisition

ofthegrammaticalsystemoflanguage,wemeanwhatisacquiredbyyoungchildren

aresome______thatarefundamentaltothegrammaticalityofspeech.

linguisticcategories

generalprinciples

A:

linguisticfunctions

B:

specificrules

C:

答D:案：B

解析：語(yǔ)言習(xí)得主要是對(duì)語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)的習(xí)得，我們并不是說(shuō)必須習(xí)得語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)所允

許的每一條特定規(guī)則。幼兒實(shí)際掌握的是一些對(duì)言語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法性至關(guān)重要的一般原則。

11、【判斷題】AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishlanguageusedin

Shakespeare'stimewouldbeadiachronicstudy.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishlanguageusedin

Shakespeare'stimewouldbeasynchronicstudy.

12、【判斷題】Ifthreeconsonantsshouldclustertogetheratthebeginningofa

wordinEnglish,thefirstphonemeofthecombinationmustbe/s/.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T。

13、【判斷題】Driveway，highway,handbook,pickpocketareexamplesofcompounding.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T。

14、【判斷題】Asimplesentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsa

subjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T。

15、【判斷題】Meaningplaysnorolesinthestudyofcommunication.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。Meaningiscentraltothestudyofcommunication.

16、【判斷題】Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe

illocutionaryact.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T。

17、【判斷題】Historicalstudyoflanguageisasynchronicstudyoflanguage.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。Historicalstudyoflanguageisadiachronicstudyoflanguage.

18、【判斷題】Anethniclanguagevarietyisasocialdialect,oftencutting

acrossregionaldifferences.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T。

19、【判斷題】LanguagedisorderresultingfromadamagetoWernike'sarealikely

producesspeechlike“Ieggsandeatanddrinkcoffeebreakfast.”

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。LanguagedisorderresultingfromadamagetoBroca'sarealikely

producesspeechlike"Ieggsandeatanddrinkcoffeebreakfast."

20、【判斷題】Formostchildren,languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyand

requiresmuchconsciousinstructiononthepartofadults.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：F。Formostchildren,languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyand

requireslittleconsciousinstructiononthepartofadults.

21、【問(wèn)答題】Explainthemainfactorsthatarerelevanttolanguagechangefrom

theviewpointofhistoricallinguistics.

答案：Themainfactorsthatarerelevanttolanguagechangeare:(1)Sound

assimilationreferstothephysiologicaleffectofonesoundonanother.(2)

Rulesimplificationandregularizationareatypeofspontaneousmorphological

rulechangethatinvolvesexceptionalpluralformsofnouns.(3)Internal

borrowingisledbytheneedtolessentheburdenonmemory.(4)Elaboration

occurswhenthereisaneedtoreduceambiguityandincreasecommunicative

clarityorexpressiveness.(5)Sociologicaltriggers:Radicalsocio-political

changessuchaswars,invasions,occupation,colonialization,andlanguage

planningandstandardizationpoliciesleadtovigorouslanguagechanges.(6)

Culturaltransmission:Thecontinualprocessofculturaltransmissionseemsto

beoneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechange.

22、【問(wèn)答題】Whatiseuphemism?Pleasecitetwoormoreforyourexplanation.

答案：（1）Aeuphemismisamild,indirectorlessoffensivewordor

expressionsubstitutedwhenthespeakerorwriterfearsmoredirectwording

mightbeharsh,unpleasantlydirect,oroffensive.（2）Forexample,we

say“inexpensive”insteadof“cheap.”（3）Anotherexample,wesay“pass

away"insteadof“die.”

23、【填空題】Thephenomenonthathumanlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothings

whicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersisreferredtod______

ofhumanlanguage.

答案：displacement。

24、【填空題】Whentheobstructionispartialandtheairisforcedthrougha

narrowpassageinthemouthsoastocausedefinitelocalfrictionatthepoint,

thespeechsoundthusproducedisaf______.

答案：fricative。

25、【填空題】Likederivation,c______isanotherpopularandimportantwayof

creatingnewwordsbycombingtwoormorewords.

答案：compounding。

26、【填空題】Ac______sentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingword

suchas“and,”“but,”“or.”

答案：coordinate。

27、【填空題】Apredicationconsistsofargument(s)andp______.

答案：predicate。

28、【填空題】Themeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,that

ofanu______isconcreteandcontext-dependent.

答案：utterance。

29、【填空題】TheGreatV______ShiftinthehistoryofEnglishledtooneof

themajordiscrepanciesbetweenthepronunciationandthespellingsystemof

ModernEnglish.

答案：Vowel。

30、【填空題】Likealinguafranca,ap______isusedforsomepractical

purposes,suchastrading,bygroupsofpeoplewhodonotknoweachother's

languages.

答案：pidgin。

31、【填空題】Thec______periodhypothesisreferstoaperiodinone'slife

extendingfromaboutagetwotopuberty,duringwhichthehumanbrainismost

readytoacquireaparticularlanguageandlanguagelearningcanproceed

easily,swiftly,andwithoutexplicitinstruction.

答案：critical。

32、【填空題】AccordingtoKrashen,a______referstothegradualand

subconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyin

dailycommunicativesituations.

答案：acquisition。

33、【名詞解釋】langue

答案：Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthe

membersofaspeechcommunity.

34、【名詞解釋】phonology

答案：Phonologystudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandaims

todiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthese

soundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.

35、【名詞解釋】freemorpheme

答案：Afreemorphemeisawordorpartofawordwhichcontainsonlyone

morphemeandisanindependentunitofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyonits

own.Forexample,"water,"and"teach"inthewordteacher.

36、【名詞解釋】sentence

答案：Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesa

numberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.Forexample,

"Thedogisrunningafteraboy."

37、【名詞解釋】polysemy

答案：Polysemyreferstothephenomenonthatonewordmayhavemorethan

o