Unit1HonestyandresponsibilityGrammarandusage課件高中英語牛津譯林版選擇性

狀語從句狀語從句功能:狀語從句起副詞作用,用來修飾句中謂語動(dòng)詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。引導(dǎo)詞:一般由從屬連詞引導(dǎo),也可由連詞詞組引導(dǎo)。位于句首或句中時(shí)常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,位于句尾時(shí)可以,不用逗號(hào)。類別:根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、目的和比較等從句。狀語從句分類時(shí)地因條目果比方步時(shí)間狀語條件狀語比較狀語原因狀語結(jié)果狀語方式狀語讓步狀語地點(diǎn)狀語目的狀語一、狀語從句的類型及連詞從句類型常見連詞補(bǔ)充時(shí)間狀語從句when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till

/until,assoonas,since,once,bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,...everytime,themoment,theminute,immediately也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句一、時(shí)間狀語從句

(1)when,while和as

when

從句謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,主從句動(dòng)作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生。

while

從句謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生

as

從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或交替進(jìn)行,意為“一邊……,一邊…;隨著…”.例句：Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.我們到達(dá)時(shí),天正在下雨。WhileIwaswatchingTV,thebellrang.我在看電視時(shí),鈴響了。Asshegrewolder,shegainedinconfidence.隨著年齡的增長,她的自信心增強(qiáng)了。(2)表示“-…就……”的連詞、?

assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly例句：Themomentshesawhim,sheblushedandhurriedlylefttheroom.她一看見他,臉就紅了,并慌忙地離開了房間。?

hardly、scarcely...when...、

barely、nosooner..than...主句用過去完成時(shí),when或than所在從句用一般過去時(shí)。Thevoteshadscarcelybeencounted,whenthetelephonerang.選票一統(tǒng)計(jì)好,電話就響了(3)before和since

beforeItwillbe/was+一段時(shí)間+before.過了多長時(shí)間才…Itwon'tbe/wasn't+一段時(shí)間+before..沒過多長時(shí)間就……sinceItis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句.(常用一般過去時(shí))自從……以來已經(jīng)多長時(shí)間了。例句：Itmaybemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.這種狀況或許要過很多年才能得到改善。Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothetheatre?我們多久沒去看戲了?(4)until/till

Shedidn'tstartthelessonuntil/tillthestudents

settleddown.

直到學(xué)生們安靜下來,她才開始上課。

【誤區(qū)警示】until/till用于肯定句,表示“直到……為止”,主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;

notuntil/till表示“直到……才……”not所在主句謂語動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,until可置于句首。(5)everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthetask,theguestswillgetback.當(dāng)你完成任務(wù)時(shí),客人就回來了從句類型常見連詞補(bǔ)充地點(diǎn)狀語從句where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,...

原因狀語從句because,since,as,for,nowthat,...seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句

where和whereverThiskindofmedicineshouldnotbeplacedwhereitisaccessibletochildren.這種藥品不應(yīng)該放在兒童拿得到的地方。

Wherevershegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingto

seeher.無論她去哪里,都有成群的人等著見她。三、原因狀語從句because、since、as、seeingthat(鑒于,由于)、nowthat、inthat(由于)、consideringthat(考慮到,就而論)、inasmuchas(既然,由于)、giventhat(鑒于,考慮到).Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit。由于我們沒錢，我們不能購買它Seeingthatit’sraining,we‘dbetterstayindoors。鑒于外面在下雨，我們最好呆在屋里。從句類型常見連詞補(bǔ)充條件狀語從句if,unless,so

/aslongas,onlyif,provided,...if不能用whether替換；onconditionthat,suppose

/supposing(that)也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句四、條件狀語從句

if、unless、providing/providedthat(如果)、supposethat(假如)、incasethat(萬一)、onconditionthat(如果)、as/solongas(只要)。Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown如果你考試不及格，你會(huì)讓他失望的。Youcangooutprovidingthatyouhavetofinishyourhomework.你可以出去,條件是你得完成家庭作業(yè)。從句類型常見連詞補(bǔ)充讓步狀語從句although,though,evenif

/though,

as...由疑問詞+ever構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，“nomatter+疑問詞”以及whether...or也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。五、讓步狀語從句though、although、evenif/though、as、while、nomatter+疑問詞,疑問詞+ever,whether...or...(無論…還是……).Althoughhwisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.他雖然年紀(jì)大了，身體還很健壯。

Twopeopleinloveareathomewherevertheyare,nomatterhowoftentheymove.無論在哪里,不管多頻繁搬家,兩個(gè)相愛的人都會(huì)過得舒舒服服。從句類型常見連詞補(bǔ)充目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthat,...謂語動(dòng)詞前常帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；incase,forfear(that)也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句sothat,so...that,such...that,...

六、目的狀語從句sothat、inorderthat、lest(唯恐;以免),incase、forfearthat(唯恐)、totheendthat(為…起見)Heisworkinghardinordertopasstheexamination.?heisworkinghardinorderthathecanpasstheexamination.為了考試及格，他正在努力學(xué)習(xí)。IgotupearlysothatIcouldhaveenoughtimetostudy.我氣得很早，目的是有足夠的時(shí)間看書。七、結(jié)果狀語從句sothat、so/such...that(如此以至于)、totheextentthat(達(dá)到某種程度以至于)、tosuchadegreethat(到如此程度以至于)。Itwassuchagoodfilmthatweallwenttoseeit.電影如此好以至于我們都去看了。

Westartedforthepeakearly,sothatwesawthesunrise.我們很早就動(dòng)身去山頂,結(jié)果我們看到了日出?！緦?duì)比】目的狀語從句中常有can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。而結(jié)果狀語從句表示客觀事實(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣,從句中常無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。從句類型常用連詞補(bǔ)充方式狀語從句as,asif/though,...theway,ratherthan也可引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句程度狀語從句so(that),suchthat,as

/sofaras,as

/solongas,...tothedegree

/extent(that)也可引導(dǎo)程度狀語從句比較狀語從句than,as

八、方式狀語從句as、asif、asthoughas、(just)as…so…Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Helooksasifheisangry.他看上去好像生氣了。九、程度狀語從句程度狀語從句用來表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)所達(dá)到的程度,其連詞主要有:sothat、suchthat、as(so)faras、as(so)longas、tothedegree(extent)that、insofaras等。Herheartbeatsothatshecouldhardlybreathe.

她心跳劇烈,幾乎都無法呼吸。Hiscourageissuchthatshedoesnotknowthemeaningoffear.他膽子很大,不知道什么叫做害怕。

Aslongasyouneedme,I'llstay.只要你需要我,我就留下。I'llhelpyouasfaras/insofarasIcan.我會(huì)盡可能幫助你。常見考點(diǎn)在含狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，主、從句通常根據(jù)實(shí)際時(shí)間關(guān)系來確定動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，但有一點(diǎn)需要注意：在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句或由“疑問詞-ever”、“nomatter+疑問詞”等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。下面就狀語從句考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。地點(diǎn)狀語從句where在地點(diǎn)狀語從句中，除了指地點(diǎn)外，還可指處境等。由where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示（抽象）地點(diǎn)或處所的名詞作先行詞，而狀語從句前沒有先行詞。原因狀語從句

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的常用連詞有because,since,as,now(that)等。它們的用法區(qū)別是：because語氣最強(qiáng)，述說直接原因，說明因果關(guān)系，常回答以why開頭的問句；since,as和now(that)引導(dǎo)的從句用法相似，表示雙方都知道的原因。結(jié)果狀語從句

so...that和such...that表示“如此……以致于”,so后面接形容詞或副詞，such后面接名詞。但名詞前有many,much,few,little這些詞修飾時(shí),要用so?！皊uch+a(n)+adj.+單數(shù)名詞+that”可轉(zhuǎn)換成“so+adj.+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+that”。方式狀語從句

引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的常用連詞有as,asif/though。asif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。如果從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容被看作是事實(shí)或者有可能是事實(shí)時(shí)，就要用陳述語氣。比較狀語從句含as...as...的比較狀語從句用在同級(jí)比較中,若表否定用notso/as...as...。其中第一個(gè)so/as是副詞,修飾主句的形容詞或副詞的原形，后一個(gè)as是連詞,引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。Amongeverygenerationtherearethosewhoarewillingtobeartheheavyburdenofresponsibilityanddevotethemselvestoworkingforthegoodoftheircountryandpeople.ThegeophysicistHuangDanian,whopractisedcoresocialistvalues,isagoodexample.GrammarHuangwasborninGuangxiin1958.HewenttotheUKin1992toworkonhisPhD.Afterwardshetookajobthereandbecamearespectedexpert.AlthoughhespentmanyyearsintheUK,Huang’sheartneverlefthishomeland.Heknewthatifhecameback,hecouldhelpadvancescienceinChina.Hefeltnotjustadesirebutalsoaresponsibilitytodoso.EventuallyheresignedhispostintheUKandreturnedtoChinatoworkatJilinUniversityinChangchun.HuangwasmadechiefscientistofabranchofChina’slargestdeep-Earthexplorationprogramme.Wastingnotime,Huangworkedinhisofficedayandnight.Whenhehadtogoawayonbusiness,healwayschosethemidnightflightsothathedidnotmissanyworkinthedaytime.Sincehespentsomuchtimeonwork,hewasunabletoseehisfamilyveryoften.Infact,heworkedsohardthathedidnotpayenoughattentiontohisownhealth.Sadly,hefellillwithcancer,buthecontinuedtoworkeveninthehospitalwarduntilhediedin2017attheageofjust58.Huangexcelledwherehewasworkingandmadesubstantialcontributionstohiscountry.HismissionstomaptheworldundertheEarth’ssurfacehelpeddiscovervaluablemineralresourcesandbroughtChina’sknowledgeandtechnologyinthisareaalongsidetheworld’sfinest.1Jake/sothat/he/gotupearly/toexercise/wouldhavetime/beforeclass______________________________________________________________________________2although/theystill/editedthephotos/looked/shehadnot/verygood

_____________________________________________________________________________3he/wenttowork/nothinghadhappened/asif

______________________________________________________________________________4shewas/likedher/herteacher/because/sohard-working_________________________________________________5I/donottellme/when/people/getveryupset/thetruth_________________________________________________6if/youare/be/theywill/nicetootherpeople/nicetoyou_________________________________________________Answer1.Jakegotupearlysothathewouldhavetimetoexercisebeforeclass.2.Althoughshehadnoteditedthephotos,theystilllookedverygood.3.Hewenttoworkasifnothinghadhappened.4.Herteacherlikedherbecauseshewassohard-working