中考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

中考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)專題復(fù)習(xí)七動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理初中階段需要掌握的8種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式+其他一般過(guò)去時(shí)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他一般將來(lái)時(shí)主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語(yǔ)+begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語(yǔ)（第一人稱I/we）+shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其他現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+v.–ing+其他過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/were+v.–ing+其他現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他過(guò)去完成時(shí)主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語(yǔ)+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形注意：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在課文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，學(xué)生可作基本了解?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他（二）時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用及動(dòng)詞變化形式考點(diǎn)1：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法用法例句表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與always，often，sometimes，usually,never,twiceamonth,everyday等頻率副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。①Ioftengotoschoolatseven.我經(jīng)常在七點(diǎn)鐘去上學(xué)。②WevisitUncleLiueverymonth.我們每月都去看望劉叔叔。表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。Thesunrisesintheeast.太陽(yáng)在東方升起。在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,Iwillleave.如果明天不下雨我將離開。go，come，leave，arrive等瞬間動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示計(jì)劃、安排好的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。ThetrainforBeijingleavesat5:30.開往北京的火車5:30離開。2.句式變換含有be動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞肯定句式主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+其他主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)+其他否定句主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+其他主語(yǔ)+don’t/doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他疑問(wèn)句Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+其他？Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+其他？考點(diǎn)2：一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.用法:表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)2.構(gòu)成：was/were+表語(yǔ)；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式3.標(biāo)志詞：amomentago,justnow,…ago,lastnight/week/month/year….,yesterday例如：Imethiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上遇到他了。HisunclewenttoBeijinglastweek.上周他的叔叔去了北京。4.句式變換含有be動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞肯定句式主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他否定句主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他主語(yǔ)+didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他疑問(wèn)句Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+其他Did+主語(yǔ)+其他？注：在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：Hesaidhewouldnotgoifitrained.他說(shuō)如果下雨他就不去了?？键c(diǎn)3：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：（1）表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話瞬間）正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：①TheyarewatchingTVnow.他們現(xiàn)在正在看電視。②Listen!Thebirdissinginginthetree.聽！鳥兒正在樹上唱歌（2）表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例：Sheisworkinginafactory.她正在一家工廠工作。（3）表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如come，go，leave，arrive等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示最近即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：①I’mcoming.我這就來(lái)。②Weareleavingtomorrow.我們將明天離開。（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always，allthetime等副詞或短語(yǔ)連用常表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。例：Aliceisalwaysthinkingofothers.艾麗斯總是想著別人。2.構(gòu)成及句式變換構(gòu)成be(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞-ing肯定句主語(yǔ)+be+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他否定句主語(yǔ)+be+not+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他疑問(wèn)句Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他常用時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：now,Look!Listen!Thesedays,atthismoment,whatareyoudoing,?考點(diǎn)4：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成肯定句：S+was(were)+v.-ing+其他否定句：S+was(were)+not+v.-ing+其他一般疑問(wèn)句：Was(Were)+S+v.-ing+其他用法表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。（動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表明）常用的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞at9:00a.m.yesterday;atthistimelastnight；fromseventonine;when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句【注意】(1)在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：MypendroppedonthegroundwhenIwaswalkinginthepark.在公園散步的時(shí)候，我的鋼筆掉到地上了。(2)表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻同時(shí)進(jìn)行，不考慮動(dòng)作的先后順序，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，連詞常用while。例如：Thestudentswerereadingwhiletheteacherwasgradingtheirhomework.學(xué)生們?cè)诳磿?，而老師在批改他們的家庭作業(yè)?？键c(diǎn)5：一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：（1）will+動(dòng)詞原形(主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)也可用shall+動(dòng)詞原形)（2）be(am,is,are)goingto+動(dòng)詞原形一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：（1）表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與tomorrow,soon,later,nexttime,in+一段時(shí)間等連用。例如：I’llstarttomorrow.我明天動(dòng)身。（2）“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”用于表示主觀上打算將來(lái)要做某事，這種打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事情。例如：Shehasboughtsomeclothandsheisgoingtomakeherselfadress.她買了一些布，準(zhǔn)備為自己做一件連衣裙?！咀⒁狻恳话銓?lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)方式(1)“be+doing”表示按計(jì)劃安排好的事情，常與少量表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，start，move，leave等連用I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.明天我就要?jiǎng)由砣ケ本┝恕?2)在表示車、船、飛機(jī)等的進(jìn)出時(shí)間時(shí)，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)Myplanewilltakeoff/takesoffat6:30a.m.我乘坐的飛機(jī)將在早上6:30起飛?？键c(diǎn)6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞2.用法:（1）表示說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，常與already，yet，inthepastfewyears等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例：Ihaveseenthefilmalready.我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。（已知電影內(nèi)容）（2）表示從過(guò)去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與bynow，sofar，since,for等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Ihavestudiedintheschoolsince2009.自從2009年我就在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)描述一個(gè)從過(guò)去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示的是一段時(shí)間時(shí)，句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化對(duì)照表：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞borrow/lendkeepdiebedeadopenbeopenclosebeclosedbuyhavejoinbein/amemberofleavebeaway(from)finish/endbeoverbegin/startbeonarrive/comebehere/incatch/getacoldhaveacoldmarrybemarried一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別區(qū)別例句一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純的敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去，與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用TomlivedinBeijingtwoyearsago.兩年前湯姆住在北京。（不知道現(xiàn)在是否還住在北京）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作雖然是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響TomhaslivedinBeijingfortwoyears.湯姆住在北京兩年了。（現(xiàn)在湯姆仍然還在北京）考點(diǎn)7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞2.用法：（1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作（即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”）。因此使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)必須以過(guò)去某一時(shí)間作為前提，通常用by,before短語(yǔ)或when,before,after,until等引導(dǎo)的從句來(lái)表示。例如：Afterthesunhadset,wedecidedtoreturnhome.太陽(yáng)落山以后，我們決定回家。（2）用于賓語(yǔ)從句，從句表示在主句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Shewonderedwhohadleftthedooropen.她想知道是誰(shuí)讓門開著的。（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別用法例句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法相同，只是作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)間不同；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是以現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)刻作衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)是以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間作衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)HehastravelledtomostofthecitiesinChinainthepastfiveyears.五年來(lái)他已經(jīng)游遍了中國(guó)的大多數(shù)城市。Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted.當(dāng)我們趕到那里時(shí)，足球比賽已經(jīng)開始了?？键c(diǎn)8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(1)構(gòu)成：①would+動(dòng)詞原形②should+動(dòng)詞原形③was/were+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形(2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：用法例句表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中；常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有twodayslater,thenextweek,thefollowingday等①Tomsaidhewouldcome.湯姆說(shuō)他要來(lái)的。②Lindasaidshewasgoingtoseeheraunt.琳達(dá)說(shuō)她打算去看她的姑媽。③Mr.Greentoldusweweregoingtohaveapartyattheweekend.格林先生告訴我們周末我們要辦一個(gè)晚會(huì)?！咀⒁狻吭谟蒳f引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，if從句只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：Theysaidthattheywouldgofishingifitdidn’trainthenextday.【巧學(xué)妙記】should,would加原形，“過(guò)去將來(lái)”就構(gòu)成。過(guò)去將來(lái)不獨(dú)立，經(jīng)常用于“賓從句”。過(guò)去認(rèn)為將發(fā)生，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)用。過(guò)去將來(lái)不單行，只可用于從句中?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】1.IsawSamandDavidontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.They_______gameswiththeirclassmatesthen.A.playB.willplayC.areplayingC.wereplaying2.Johnalways_______otherswhentheyareintrouble.A.helpB.washelpingC.helpsD.helped3.—WhereisMrBlack?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellhim.—Youcan’tfindhim.He_______HongKong.A.willgotoB.wouldgotoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeento4.—HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?—Yes.I_______thereafewmonthsago.A.havebeenB.wentC.havegoneD.go5.—Shallwegoshoppingnow?—Sorry,Ican’t.I________myshirts.A.washB.amwashingC.washedD.havewashed7.Bob________theplantswhilehisfatherwascookingdinner.A.willwaterB.waswateringC.iswateringD.haswatered8.I_______myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom9.There_______someflowersontheteacher’sdeskjustnow,butnowthere_______nothingonit.A.have;hasB.were;wasC.were;isD.has;has10.—Icalledyouat4:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.—Sorry,I_____withmyfriendsatthattime.A.swimB.swamC.willswimD.wasswimming11.—Doyouhaveanyplansfortonight?—Yes,I_________atthenewItalianrestaurantintown.A.eatB.haveeatenC.ateD.amgoingtoeat12.—Idon’tknowifEric_______thisSunday.Ifhe________here,I’llcallyouatonce.A.willcome;willcomeB.come;comesC.comes;willcomeD.willcome;comes13.JohnandI________tovisithisgrandparentslastSundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.havegone14.I________footballquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play15.Lookonthebrightsideofthelife,andimaginethatyou_________ahappyandsuccessfulfuture.A.hadB.willhaveC.haveD.havehad16.We________allourmoneyontheclothes,solet’swalkhomenow.A.havespentB.spendC.spentD.arespending17.Don’tdisturbAllennow.He_________fortheSpellingBeecompetition.A.preparesB.preparedC.ispreparingD.willprepare18.Stopsmoking,Joe!You_________(kill)yourselfifyoukeepondoingitlikethat.19.They_____theyinShanghai.B.been D.know___________.issold isfeelingcold D.【鏈接中考】(2017.泰安)Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,robotcooks______inourfamiliesinthefuture.A.appearB.appearedC.willappearD.isappearing(2017.煙臺(tái))—Lookatmynewsmartphone.—Wow,it’ssocool.Whenandwhere_______you_______buyit.A.do;buyB.have;boughtC.did;buyD.have;had3.（2017.菏澤）—She

_________

ten

years

ago．—You

mean

she

________

him

for

ten

years？

A.married；hasgotmarriedtoB.gotmarried；hasgotmarriedwith

C.gotmarried；hasbeenmarriedwithD.gotmarried；hasbeenmarriedto4.(2017.萊蕪)—Ididn’tseeyourfatheryesterdaywhenIwenttoyourhouse.—Oh,he_________strawberriesonthefarm.PicksB.pickedC.waspickingD.haspicked5.(2017.濰坊)Alittleefforteveryday,you________abigdifference.makesB.madeC.havemadeD.willmake6.(2017.日照)Newmedia,likeWeChat,_________thewayofcommunicationsnowadays.A.arechangingB.willchangeC.changedD.werechanging7.(2017.東營(yíng))SinceIcamehere,I__________(discover)somethingelseinteresting.Inthefuture,I_________(go)tomanyotherpartsofChina.、8.(2017.四川)—Didyouhearsomeoneknocksatthedoorjustnow?—Sorry,I__________tomyfriendonthephone.9.(2016.濱州)Atruthfriendr________foryourhandsandtouchesyourheart.10.(2015.東營(yíng))whilehe______(prepare)fortherace,hefellillsuddenlyandwassenttothehospital.11.（2014.東營(yíng)動(dòng)詞填空）Itwas7:30intheevening,she(1)______still______(work)inthefields.Sheismuchbusierthanmyfather.Everydayshe(2)______(get)upearlyat4:00inthemorning,andkeepsonworkingtillevening.OnedayI(3)______(call)herateightintheevening.Shesaid,“I’vejustgothomefromthevineyardand(4)______(nothave)supperyet.I(5)______(wash)theclothesnow.”12.(2013.東營(yíng)）TheDongying-Hainanairlineforabout5months.Ihavetakentheflightsthreetimes.A.isopenB.hasopened C.hasbeenopen D.hasbeenopened13.（2012.東營(yíng)）Thereafootballmatchandaconcertthisweekend.Whichonewouldyouliketogo?A.isB.are C.willbe D.willhave14.（2010.東營(yíng)）“I’llpayhimassoonashetheTVsettomyhome.”saidtheman.A.sends B.sent C.issending D.willsend15.（2014.聊城）—MayIspeaktoAnn?—Sorry,sheisn’tin.She________France.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wasgoingtoD.goesto16.(2011.東營(yíng))I_______(wait)fortheelevatorwhenIheardthemancall.17.(2010.淄博)Peterusuallyw_________hisclothesonweekends.18.(2013.青島）Anadvertisementsometimes______________(lead)customerstobuysomethingtheydon’tneedatall.19.（2013.濱州）—ShallItellTomthegoodnews?—No,youneedn’t.I________(tell)himalready.20.(2016.北京)Anewroad__________(built)nearmyschoolnextyear.專題復(fù)習(xí)八語(yǔ)態(tài)縱觀近幾年?yáng)|營(yíng)的中考試題，語(yǔ)態(tài)題大多以動(dòng)詞填空形式出現(xiàn)，很少出現(xiàn)在單選。動(dòng)詞填空中幾乎每年都考察到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的題，多涉及到一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理】考點(diǎn)1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“主語(yǔ)+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。?？急粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天都打掃。一般過(guò)去時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞Ourschoolwasbuiltin1998.我們的學(xué)校在1998年建造。一般將來(lái)時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+will+be+過(guò)去分詞Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldtomorrow.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)明天舉行。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+has/have+been+過(guò)去分詞Thebankhasbeenbuilt.銀行已經(jīng)建成了。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+would+be+過(guò)去分詞AnntoldmeshewouldbesenttoAmerica.安告訴我她將被派往美國(guó)。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞Thebikecan’tbeputhere.這輛自行車不能被放在這里。二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法第一步：先確定主動(dòng)句的主、謂、賓，找出其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第二步：把主動(dòng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，若賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，應(yīng)把賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛５谌剑喊阎鲃?dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤爸鷦?dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”，但時(shí)態(tài)不能改變。第四步：把主動(dòng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中介詞by的賓語(yǔ)（沒(méi)必要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)可省略），若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)把主格變?yōu)橘e格。考點(diǎn)2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種特殊形式1.主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞see/hear/watch/feel等和使役動(dòng)詞make/let/have等后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。例如WesawanaliengetoutoftheUFO.→AnalienwasseentogetoutoftheUFO.【注意點(diǎn)】后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)部分不變。對(duì)比：WeheardJimplayingtheguitarinhisroom.→Jimwasheardplayingtheguitarinhisroom.2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)）時(shí)，（1）把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。例如：Hegavemeanewbook.→Iwasgivenanewbookbyhim.(2)把直接賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)不變。例如：Hegavemeanewbook.→Anewbookwasgiventomebyhim.3.句中謂語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要注意其完整性。JackturnedontheTVjustnow.→TheTVwasturnedonbyJackjustnow.4.帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只須把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)仍保留在原處，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Ourteachertoldustocleantheclassroomatonce.→Weweretoldtocleantheclassroomatoncebyourteacher.5.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)(1)feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：Thedishessmellsodelicious.菜聞起來(lái)真香。Yourideasoundsbetter.你的主意聽起來(lái)更好。(2)有些動(dòng)詞，如sell,cut,drive,wash,clean,write,open,lock等，作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：BooksofHarryPottersellwell.《哈利·波特》系列的書很暢銷。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的鋼筆寫起字來(lái)很流暢。(3)sth.need/want/requiredoing相當(dāng)于sth.need/want/requiretobedone(不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))。例如：Yourroomneedscleaning.=Yourroomneedstobecleaned.你的房間需要打掃了。(4)beworthdoing(值得做)中的doing表示被動(dòng)含義。Themovieisworthwatchingbyeveryone.這部電影值得所有人看一看。6.不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況(1)系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞或某些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：cometrue;fallasleep;keepquiet;takeplace等；(2)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是不定式或doing時(shí)不能用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；(3)反身代詞或eachother不能作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。7.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別“be+p.p.”表示動(dòng)作時(shí)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；“be+p.p.”表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)含有“by+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，此時(shí)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Thewindowisbroken.窗戶壞了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thewindowisbrokenbyme.窗戶是我打破的。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）(2)句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Thedoorwasclosed.門是關(guān)著的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thedoorwasclosedat9:00.九點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)的門。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常用介詞搭配，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有介詞搭配。例如：We’reworriedabouttheboy.我們擔(dān)心那個(gè)男孩。(4)系表結(jié)構(gòu)的過(guò)去分詞可以被副詞修飾。例如：I’mreallysurprisedatthenews.我對(duì)這個(gè)消息真的感到很驚訝。(5)系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】1.AfootballmatchbetweenClassTwoandClassThree_______tomorrowafternoon.A.isheldB.washeldC.mustbeheldD.willbeheld2.Lookatthatsign.Smoking_______here.A.isn’tallowedB.doesn’tallowC.aren’tallowedD.don’tallow3.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted4.—Let’splaycomputergamesthisevening.—It_______good.A.soundsB.feelsC.tastesD.smells5.TherewasabigearthquakeinJapan,butluckilymanypeople_______.A.saveB.savedC.aresavedD.weresaved6.We’reverygladtoknowthatagreatsportsmeeting_______inGuiyangthisSeptemb