Unit5RevealingNatureStartingoutUnderstandingideas課件高二英語(yǔ)選擇性

高中新外延選擇性必修一Unit5RevealingnatureStartingoutUnderstandingideastomakeknownsomethingthatwaspreviouslysecretorunkown1Whatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Whatmakesthemspecial?2Whatothersimilaranimalsdoyouknowabout?Shareyourknowledgewiththe

class.Lookatthepagefromasciencemagazineandanswerthequestions.Komododragonswerefirst

encounteredbyWesternresearchers1910.TheresearchersaidtheancestoroftheKomododragonmostlikelyevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward,reachingtheIndonesiaislandofFlores900,000yearsago.KomododragonsWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Thefirstscientiststoexamineapreservedplatypusbodyjudgeditafakeinthelate18thcentury.Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofthemodernplatypusdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago.Duck-billedplatypusWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Fossilrecordsindicatethatthenautilushassurvivedrelativelyunchangedforaround500millionyears.Itisoftenconsidereda“l(fā)ivingfossil”.NautilusWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Watchandanswer1Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?Watchandanswer1Howcanseedstravel?

Howcanthisbenefitplants?Seedscanetravelgreatdistancesbybeingcarriedbythe_________,uponthe____________,__________or__________.windwateranimalspeopleWatchandanswerSeedshavea__________(better/worse)chanceatlifewhentheyare________(closer/further)awayfromtheirparentplant.Growingtoo_________(far/close)totheparentplantmeansseedsmightnotgetenough_______,________andnutrientsfromthe_______.Aspeciesis________(more/less)likelyto_________ifitsmembersaremore________(closely/widely)spread.betterfurtherclosesunwatersoilmoresurvivewidely1Howcanseedstravel?

Howcanthisbenefitplants?Watchandanswer2Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?鳳仙花屬某種（Impatienssp）dandelionLearningobjectivesTogetthegeneralideaanddetailedinformationofthetextTocombDarwin'sjourneyofdiscoveryaccordingtothesequenceofeventsTorelatetotherealityoflife,experiencethehardshipsofexplorationfromthestoryofDarwinLeadinparamecium

/?p?r??mi?s??m/草履蟲(chóng)

earthworm/???θ?w??m/蚯蚓fern

/f??n/蕨類(lèi)植物moss/m?s/苔蘚類(lèi)植物algae/??ld?i?/藻類(lèi)植物angiosperm/??nd????sp??m/被子植物gymnosperm/?d??mn???sp??m/裸子植物jellyfish

starfish

snail

crab

fish

tortoise

bird

horse

human

frog

1Whatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?2Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?environmentalchangespopulationimmigrationgeneticmutationculturalpreferences...lowerformsoflifehigherformsoflifeevolution達(dá)爾文與達(dá)爾文雀的卡通造型來(lái)源：/CharlesRobertDarwinFeb12th,1809—Apr19th,188214種達(dá)爾文雀來(lái)源：/Readthepassageandtalkaboutyourunderstandingofthetitle.Matchtheparts

withmainideas.FastreadingPart1(Paras.1-2)Part2(Paras.3-5)Part3(Paras.6)Part4(Paras.7)A.TheremarkaboutOntheOriginofSpecies.B.Darwin'snewtheoryaboutevolution.C.Thenewdiscoveriesduringthejourney.D.Darwinansweredthecallandbeganhisjourney.貝格爾號(hào)的船長(zhǎng)想要招募這樣一名船員，這名船員將能“借此機(jī)會(huì)訪問(wèn)遙遠(yuǎn)而鮮為人知的國(guó)家并從中受益”。然而來(lái)應(yīng)聘的人并不是船長(zhǎng)心中的理想人選。這個(gè)年輕人從醫(yī)學(xué)院肄業(yè)，并且在他剛收到父親的來(lái)信，信中預(yù)言他將會(huì)成為“你自己和你全家人的恥辱”。盡管如此，他的這次乘船探險(xiǎn)之旅將帶來(lái)有史以來(lái)最重要的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。Para1profitbyanswerthecallfirstchoicereceivealetterbeadisgracetoleadtoofalltime這個(gè)受到質(zhì)疑的年輕人就是地質(zhì)學(xué)家和自然學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文，他對(duì)巖石和動(dòng)植物有著濃厚的興趣。1831年，他搭乘貝格爾號(hào)從英格蘭啟程。這次旅程給了他研究自然環(huán)境中各種生物的契機(jī)。在南美洲度過(guò)一段時(shí)間后，他的船艙里堆滿了收集到的動(dòng)植物樣本。當(dāng)他研究這些樣本時(shí)，他產(chǎn)生了疑問(wèn)：這些不同的物種是如何產(chǎn)生的?Para2inquestionfascinatedbythechancetodosthbecrowdedwithcometoexist當(dāng)時(shí)，人們認(rèn)為所有的物種都是同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在地球上的，并從此再無(wú)變化。但達(dá)爾文開(kāi)始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物種的動(dòng)物彼此間很相似。也許動(dòng)物為了適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境會(huì)逐漸進(jìn)化？雖然這只是一個(gè)設(shè)想，但足夠激勵(lì)達(dá)爾文去尋求更多證據(jù)。Para3adapttoinspiresbtodoatthesametimethinkdifferentlynoticedbesimilarto1835年，當(dāng)貝格爾號(hào)抵達(dá)加拉帕戈斯群島時(shí)，達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物種，但最令他感興趣的是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。達(dá)爾文注意到，在群島中的每一個(gè)小島上，雀鳥(niǎo)之間有所不同。它們的喙似乎是根據(jù)所在島嶼上可覓得的食物進(jìn)化而來(lái)的。Para4reachavarietyofseemaccordingto達(dá)爾文猜想這些雀鳥(niǎo)是由共同的祖先進(jìn)化而來(lái)的。很久以前，雀鳥(niǎo)的祖先來(lái)到這片群島，隨著時(shí)間的推移，慢慢進(jìn)化成許多新的種類(lèi)。于是，關(guān)于動(dòng)植物的新種類(lèi)是如何產(chǎn)生的這個(gè)問(wèn)題就有了答案：它們是從早期的祖先進(jìn)化而來(lái)的。Para5suspectovertimeevolveintocometoexist根據(jù)基因組測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)繪制的“達(dá)爾文雀”演化關(guān)系圖來(lái)自文獻(xiàn)：LamichhaneySetal(2015)EvolutionofDarwin'sfinchesandtheirbeaksrevealedbygenomesequencing.Nature.518:371–375.doi:10.1038/nature14181經(jīng)典的達(dá)爾文地雀演化關(guān)系圖這是一個(gè)全新的觀點(diǎn)—進(jìn)化論。達(dá)爾文在他的《物種起源》一書(shū)中解釋了這一理論。這本書(shū)直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轟動(dòng)。很多人拒絕相信包括人類(lèi)在內(nèi)的所有生命都是從更低級(jí)的生命形式進(jìn)化而來(lái)的。他們對(duì)此感到震驚。然而達(dá)爾文的科學(xué)研究很有說(shuō)服力，越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始接受他的理論。Para6explainnot...untilcauseastormrefusetodoconvincingWhyweremanypeople“shocked”byDarwin’stheory?如今，《物種起源》被認(rèn)為是迄今為止最重要的著作之一。它徹底地改變了人類(lèi)對(duì)于地球上生命的認(rèn)識(shí)。而這一切都開(kāi)始于貝格爾號(hào)的探索之旅。Para7beregardedasbeginwithchangeMatchtheparts

withmainideas.FastreadingPart1(Paras.1-2)Part2(Paras.3-5)Part3(Paras.6)Part4(Paras.7)A.TheremarkaboutOntheOriginofSpecies.B.Darwin'snewtheoryaboutevolution.C.Thenewdiscoveriesduringthejourney.D.Darwinansweredthecallandbeganhisjourney.1Darwin'sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.2Darwin'sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.3Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.Choosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.Fastreading√N(yùn)umberthepuzzlepiecesinorder.Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethem.Carefulreading12345Carefulreading123variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironmentsandsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollectedverysimilartoeachothercometoexistMaybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?thattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislandshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularislandCarefulreading45slowlyevolvedintomanynewspecieshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebeforehadevolvedfromlowerformsoflifePost-readingAccordingtothepassage,CharlesDarwincanbedescribed

asfollowingexcept_______.Howdoyouthinkthehumanspecieswillevolveinthefuture?Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofscientificexploration?Howcanthisspirithelpyouinyourlifeandstudies?A.curiousanddeterminedB.braveanddiligentC.dedicatedandpersistentD.modestanduneducated√ThecaptainoftheshipnamedtheBeaglewantedsomeonetoprofitby1.

(visit)distantcountries.Darwingottheopportunity.Darwin,ageologistandnaturalist,2.

(fascinate)byrocks,plantsandanimals.Thejourneygavehimthechance3.____

(study)avarietyoflivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.Hisroomwascrowded4.

samplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Heb