法律英語詞匯集

2010法律英語詞匯集—JW一、案例本G.E.vsSiempelkampStandard-formpurchaseorderOrdercomfirmationInitialeForumselectionChoiceoflawclause法律適用條款PlaceofjurisdictionPrincipalplaceofbusinessSummaryproceduresBillsofexchangePromissorynotesChequesFilesuitatSubmitaCounterofferAbindingcontractBargained-forformOverreachingJudicialnoticeFilantov.s.ChilewichMemorandumAgreementAletterofcreditArbitrationagreementArbitrationclauseBalanceofcontractArejectionoftheorderBoundbythewrittentermsofThedevelopmentofinternationalsaleslawegalinstruments法律文書Maritimetrade海商Enact頒布；制定Codify編纂LawMerchant：商人法；商業(yè)習(xí)慣法CommercialLaw：貿(mào)易法；商業(yè)法規(guī)BusinessLaw：商業(yè)法ModernsaleslawintheUnitedStates:theUCCandCISGUniformCommercialCode-UCCAdopt/adoption正式通過Bankdeposit銀行存款Securedtransaction擔(dān)保交易Statelegislatures州立法機(jī)構(gòu)Americanlawinstitute美國法學(xué)會(huì)Conflictsoflaw法律沖突Resortto訴諸于Applicablelaw準(zhǔn)據(jù)法Choiceoflawclause法律適用條款Choiceoflaw沖突法中決定法律適用FederalcourtsoftheUnitedStates聯(lián)邦法院DevelopmentoftheCISGLegalcode法典Legalsystem法律制度；法系ContractlawinthedevelopingcountriesMultinationalcorporations跨國公司Unconscionablecontract不公正合同bargainingpower議價(jià)能力ContractlawInsocialistcountriesPrivateenterprise私營企業(yè)ContractlawinthePRC:anillustrationRepeal撤銷Jointventure合資企業(yè)Breachofcontract違約Accountingregulations會(huì)計(jì)規(guī)章Quasi-criminalprosecution準(zhǔn)刑事起訴Leasingcontracts租賃合同Warehousingcontracts倉儲(chǔ)合同The1999contractlawofChina99年合同法UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods-CISGUNCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw-UNCITRAL聯(lián)合國國際貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)Applicable可適用applicability可適用性Generalprovisions總則ApplicabilityoftheCISGtointernationaltransactionsPlaceofbusinessrequirement營業(yè)地Optout退出，排除preemption優(yōu)先權(quán)preemptivePreemptasantetechnologiesvspmcconstrue文義解釋remand發(fā)回重審internationaltreaty國際條約representation陳述breachofrepresentation違背合同中的陳述adoptadoption正式通過UniformCommercialCode美國統(tǒng)一商法典Congressionalintent國會(huì)立法意圖Concurrentjurisdiction共同管轄權(quán)Litigation訴訟Contractingstate締約國Effectuate使生效SalesexcludedfromtheCISGLiabilityfordeathorpersonalinjury人身傷亡責(zé)任Securities證券Negotiableinstruments流通票據(jù)Consumerprotectionlaws消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法Excludeexclusion排除適用ValidityandformationofinternationalsalescontractsValidcontract有效合同Mutualassent合意Sufficientconsideration充分對(duì)價(jià)Legalcapacity行為能力Voidcontract無效合同Misrepresentation錯(cuò)誤陳述enforcementofillegalcontractslegality合法性tarbertvscometalsUnitedStatesDistrictCourt地區(qū)法院UnitedStatesCourtofAppeals上訴法院SupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates最高法院Certificateoforigin原產(chǎn)地證明ChamberofCommerce商會(huì)EuropeanEconomicCommunityEEC歐共體Sue控告，起訴Enforceableunenforceable可執(zhí)行Fraud欺詐Physicallocation實(shí)際地點(diǎn)Tortiousact侵權(quán)行為Illegality非法行為，違法性Bonafide善意的Dismissdismissal駁回Complaintcounterclaim起訴反訴Fraudulentcertificateoforigin欺詐的原產(chǎn)地證書Contrarytopublicpolicy違反國家政策Iniquity不公正行為Supersede取代Enforcementoftheagreement執(zhí)行Thewritingrequirement書面要求Enactmentbystatelegislatures州立法Flexibleflexibility靈活性Legallybinding受法律約束Ambiguousambiguity模糊性Theparolevidencerule口頭證言原則Extrinsicevidence外部證據(jù)Contradictedby抵觸Relevantcircumstances相關(guān)現(xiàn)象Digitalsignaturesinelectroniccommerce電子簽名Validvalidity有效性ProblemsofinterpretationOrderform訂貨單Subjectiveintent主觀意圖Customs,practicesandtradeusagesTradeusages商業(yè)慣例Mercantilepractices商業(yè)實(shí)踐Reimbursement補(bǔ)償reimburseunreimbursedTradeusagesundertheCISGEnteringtheagreement:theofferTheintentiontobebound訂約意向Exclusionclause免責(zé)條款Expresslyimplicitly/impliedlyPublicoffers公開報(bào)價(jià)Invitationtodeal要約邀請(qǐng)Pricelist價(jià)目單Openpriceterms開放價(jià)格條款Government-establishedprice政府指導(dǎo)價(jià)Firmoffers確定的要約Revokerevocableirrevocablerevocation撤銷Enteringtheagreement:theacceptanceManifestationoftheintention意思表示Initial草擬Silenceasacceptance默示承諾TimeofacceptanceExpireexpiration終止Terminatetermination終止Timeconstraints時(shí)間限制Dispatchofanacceptance承諾的發(fā)出ChateauvssabateSolejurisdiction專屬管轄Verbalcontract口頭合同Reversedandremanded撤銷原判發(fā)還重審Writtenconfirmation書面確認(rèn)Themirrorimagerule鏡像原則Themannerofofferandacceptance:buyer’sandseller’sformsTheproformainvoice形式發(fā)票ContracttermsandconditionsandthebattleoftheformsTradeassociations行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)Placeliabilityon使負(fù)責(zé)Termsandconditions合同條款Standardclause標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條款Quotedprice報(bào)價(jià)Generalconditionsofsale購買條款Termsofpayment付款方式Forcemajeure不可抗力Warranties擔(dān)保Breachofwarranty違反擔(dān)保Businessday營業(yè)日Limitationofliability責(zé)任范圍Governinglaw準(zhǔn)據(jù)法Consequentialdamages間接損害賠償Incidentaldamages附帶損害賠償Specialdamages專項(xiàng)損害賠償Graceperiod寬限期Battleoftheforms格式之爭Purchaseorder訂單Affirmativeresponse肯定回復(fù)Recourse追索權(quán)GeneralCourtofJustice常設(shè)法院ThebattleoftheformsundertheCommonLawandCivilLawThebattleoftheformsandmirrorimageruleunderUCCMateriallyaltermaterialalteration實(shí)質(zhì)性改變Expresslimitation明確限制Constitutearejectionof拒絕constituteafundamentalbreachSettlementofdisputes爭端解決Thevalidityofstandardcontractterms:acomparisonStandardterms格式條款Validinvalidvalidity有效性Latepaymentfee滯納金Interestpenalty罰息Expressandimpliedwarranties明示和默示條款Merchantablemerchantability商銷性Nonconforminggoods不合格商品Judicialinterpretation司法解釋Fungiblegoods可替代商品Disclaimdisclaimer拒絕適用；免責(zé)條款Merchantableunmerchantablemerchantabilitymerchantability商銷性Rightsandliabilities權(quán)責(zé)Disclaimingimpliedwarranties排除適用默示條款SchmitzvsrocklandBurdenofproof舉證責(zé)任Warrantwarranty擔(dān)保Misplace錯(cuò)位Noticeofnonconforminggoods不合格貨物通知Nonconformityconformityconformconformingnonconforming不合格Assertthebreachagainst主張…違約RemedyforbreachofcontractAvoidanceofthecontract解除合同Pricereduction減價(jià)Specificperformance實(shí)際履行AvoidanceandthefundamentalbreachRevocationofacceptance撤回承諾Perfecttender完美看管人Fundamentalbreach根本性違約commitafundamentalbreachMinornonconformity瑕疵；substantialnonconformity嚴(yán)重缺陷Avoidancerights解除合同權(quán)Buyer’srighttoavoidanceMMIvsIMSExclusivelicensingagreement獨(dú)家許可專屬協(xié)議Denyresponsibility否認(rèn)責(zé)任Arbitrationarbitrator仲裁仲裁員Arbitrationpanel仲裁委員會(huì)Placeofbusiness營業(yè)地Exceedauthority越權(quán)NoticeofavoidanceFullperformance全部履行Defectiveperformance有瑕疵的履行Specificrelief特定救濟(jì)Substitutionaryrelief替代性救濟(jì)Delayedperformance延遲履行Seller’srighttoremedyUnreasonableinconvenience不合理的不便Unreasonabledelay不合理遲延Rightofrejection拒收權(quán)Seller’sadditionaltimetoperformRepudiate否認(rèn)PricereductionContractspecifications合約規(guī)格Withhold保留MoneydamagesBreachingparty違約方Injuredparty受損方Substitutegoods替代貨物Rightofdiscretion自由裁量權(quán)resorttolegalaction訴諸法律途徑themailboxruletheruleofthereceiptoftheletteroftheacceptanceDelchivsRotorexMitigatedamages減輕損失Reasonablyforeseeable可合理預(yù)見Handlingandstorage處理和儲(chǔ)藏Compensatorydamages補(bǔ)償性賠償consequentialdamages間接損害賠償Awardv判決賠償……n判決裁定(損失賠償金等的)裁定額AwardcompensatorydamagesforDenyclaimfordamages駁回要求賠償?shù)闹鲝圛ncidentals雜費(fèi)Doublerecovery重復(fù)補(bǔ)償Recoverableincidentalexpenses可予以補(bǔ)償?shù)碾s項(xiàng)費(fèi)用Remandtothedistrictcourt駁回至地區(qū)法院SpecificPerformanceincommonlawandcivillawsystemsSpecificallyperform實(shí)際履行Givetimelynoticeto及時(shí)通知makeatimelyrequest及時(shí)要求Anticipatorybreach預(yù)期違約Repudiate否認(rèn)效力Righttosuspendperformance中止履行的權(quán)利Provideadequateassurance提供充足保證Insolvent喪失償付能力資不抵債Avoidanceofinstallmentcontracts分期合同Excusefornonperformance不履行的免責(zé)Practicableimpracticableimpracticability不切實(shí)際性Escapecontractualobligation逃避義務(wù)Contingency意外意外開支Impossibilityofperformance履行不能Objectivelyimpossible客觀不能Inabilitytopay無力支付Frustrationofpurpose合同目的落空Commercialimpracticability商銷不切實(shí)際性Unforeseenevent不可預(yù)見事件TheCISGexemptionsforimpedimentsbeyondcontrolCISG對(duì)不可控制阻礙的免責(zé)Impediments障礙Exculpatoryclause免責(zé)條款ForceMajeureclause不可抗力條款Quarantinerestriction檢疫限制TheCISGPlaceofbusiness營業(yè)地ContractingStates締約國Investmentsecurities投資證券Negotiableinstruments流通票據(jù)Formationofthecontract合同訂立Rightsandobligations權(quán)利義務(wù)Validity有效性Applyto適用于Liabilityfordeathorpersonalinjury傷亡賠償責(zé)任Privateinternationallaw國際私法Dueconsideration適當(dāng)考慮Negotiations談判Practices實(shí)際做法Usages慣例Subsequentconduct事后行為Attheconclusionofthecontract合同簽訂時(shí)habitualresidence經(jīng)常居住地indicationofintention意思表示thepartiesmaynotderogatefromorvarytheeffectofthisarticle.各當(dāng)事人不得減損或改變本條之效力。Makeadeclaration聲明Sufficientlydefinite足夠明確Invitationtomakeoffers要約邀請(qǐng)Withdrawwithdrawal撤回要約Revokerevocation撤銷要約Actinrelianceontheoffer基于對(duì)要約的合理信賴Reasonablereliance合理信賴Terminate終止Rejection拒絕Indicationofassent同意表示Payment支付手段Placeandtimeofdelivery交貨地點(diǎn)時(shí)間Extentofoneparty’sliability增加一方責(zé)任Modifications條款修訂Lapse失效Domesticlaw國內(nèi)法Breachofconditions違反基本條款Firstcarrier第一承運(yùn)人Conformityofthegoods貨物符合規(guī)定Thirdpartyclaims涉第三方訴訟Sphereofapplication適用范圍Datefordelivery交貨日期Specifythenatureofthelackofconformity詳述Industrialproperty工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)Intellectualproperty知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)Determinable可決定的retainanyrightstoclaimdamages保留索償?shù)臋?quán)利resorttoaremedyfor尋求救濟(jì)asumequaltotheloss等同于損失exemptions豁免exemptfromuncontrollableunyieldingunforeseeableunavoidableinwitnesswhereof以資證明plenipotentiary全權(quán)代表denouncethisConvention退出公約consignment托運(yùn)anofferisconsideredsufficientlydefiniteifit1)describesthegoods,2)expresslyorimplicitlyspecifiesthequantity,and3)expresslyorimplicitlyspecifiesthepriceforthegoods.remediesintheCISGforbreachofcontract:AvoidanceofthecontractSeller’srighttoremedyorcureSeller’sadditionaltimetoperformPricereductionMoneydamagesSpecificperformanceImpliedwarrantiesUndertheCISG,thesellermustdelivergoodsthatareofthequantity,qualityanddescriptionrequiredbythecontract,andthatArefitforthepurposesforwhichgoodsofthesamedescriptionwouldordinarilybeused.Arefitforanyparticularpurposeexpresslyorimpliedlymadeknowntotheselleratthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontract.Possessthequalitiesofgoodswhichthesellerhasheldouttothebuyerasasample.Arecontainedinthemanneradequatetopreserveandprotectthegoods.WhatdoestheCISGgovern?Onlygovern(1)Formation(2)Rightsandobligationsofthebuyerandseller(3)TheformofcontractThreebasicelementstomakeavalidacceptance(1)offeree(2)throughastatementorotherconduct(3)indicationofassenttotheofferFunctionofparolevidence:A.ToclarifyanambiguityB.ToproveadditionaltermsoftheagreementWhatarethebasicelements

tomakeaneffectiveoffer?1.aproposalcommunicatedtotheofferee2.thesufficientlydefinite,specificordetailedproposal3.theintentionofofferortobeboundincaseofacceptanceSilencecanbeanacceptance(1)whenthepartieshavemadesuchagreementsor(2)whentheoffereehashadpriordealingswiththeofferor.Inasaletheselleristhepartytoprovidegoods.Whatthesellershoulddois:(1)todeliverthegoods(2)tohandoveranydocumentsrelatingtothegoods(3)totransferthepropertyinthegoodsTheCISGisinfavoroftheconcernsofdevelopingcountriesastothispoint.UndertheCISG,----Art.38/39(1)thebuyerexaminesthegoodswithinasshortaperiodasispracticableaftertheyarereceived;(2)thebuyershouldgivenoticeofanonconformityordefectinthegoodswithinareasonabletimeunlesssomereasonableexcusepreventsdoingso;(3)noticemustbegivenwithintwoyearsfromthedateonwhichthegoodswerehandedovertothebuyer;(4)ifthebuyerfailstogivepropernotice,thebuyerlosestherighttoassertthebreachagainsttheseller.Whatarethebuyer’sremediesfortheseller’sbreach?1.Nonperformance(1)Thebuyermayavoidthecontractandclaimdamages.(2)Thebuyermayaskforspecificperformance.(3)Thebuyermaycoverandclaimdamages.Delayedperformance(1)Thebuyermaygiveagraceperiod.(2)Althoughagraceperiodisgiven,thesellerdoesnotperformwithinthisperiod.Thenthebreachisfundamental,thebuyermayavoidthecontractandclaimdamages..Defectiveperformance(1)Thebuyermayrejectthenon-conforminggoodsandaskthesellertodeliverconforminggoods.(2)Thebuyermayaskthesellertorepairthenon-conformityofgoods.(3)Thebuyermayreducetheprice.(4)Iftheformerthreeremediesarenotavailable,thebuyermayavoidcontractandclaimdamages.Whataretheseller’sremediesforthebuyer’sbreach?1.Thesellermaygrantthebuyeragraceperiod2.Thesellermayaskforspecificperformance,e.g.,makepayment.3.Thesellermayavoidcontractandclaimdamages.(1)Thesellermayresellthegoodsandclaimthedifferencebetweenthecontractpriceandthesellingpriceifthebuyerdoesnottakethedelivery.(2)Ifnoresell,thesellermayavoidcontractandclaimdamagesdirectly.

afundamentalbreachasonethatwillsubstantiallydepriveonepartyofwhatheisentitledtoexpectunderthecontract.Howmayabuyeravoidthecontractifthesellercommitsafundamentalbreach?----Art.49cancel/notify/protect/returnThe“datefordelivery”underthecontractisthedatethesellerhandsthegoodsoverdirectlytothefirstcarrierunlessthepartiesspecifyotherwise.Whereistheplaceofdeliveryifthecontractofsaleinvolvescarriageofthegoods?Thesellerexerciseshisobligationtodeliverywhilehandlingthegoodsovertothefirstcarrierfortransmissiontothebuyer.Ifthecontractofsaleinvolvescarriageofthegoods,whendoestheriskpassfromthesellertothebuyer?Theriskpassestothebuyerwhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrierfortransmissiontothebuyerinaccordancewiththecontractofsale.(Art.67)Seller’srighttoremedywithinthetimeforperformance(priortothedeliverydate)Specificperformancemaybegrantedonlyifallofthefollowingconditionsaremet:(Art.46)a.Thebuyerhadnotresortedtoanotherremedy;b.Thesellerhasmadenon-deliveryordeliveredseriouslynonconforminggoods;c.Thebuyergavetimelynoticetothesellert