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中考復(fù)習(xí)策略4
摘要:中考復(fù)習(xí)策略4四、形容詞、副詞?(一)知識概要?形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語中用
處也很多,但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語和詞組有時不同,要特別加以注意。
下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組
中考復(fù)習(xí)策略4
四、形容詞、副詞?
(一)知識概要?
形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語中用處也很多,但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修
飾語和詞組有時不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和
詞組歸納如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,a
lotof,alargenumberof,enougho而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下:much,no,som
e,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyofo?其中some,no,alot
of,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。?英語中形容詞與副詞有原級、比
較級、最高級之分,其規(guī)則如下:?
構(gòu)詞法原級比較級最高級加er,或estTall
youngtaller?
younger
tallest
youngest
只加r或stnice?
large
nicer
larger
nicest?
largest
重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫該字母加er、estbig?
fat?
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter
biggest?
fattest
hottest
不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞:?
原級比較級最高級
goodbetterbest
Wellbetterbest
badworseworst
badlyworseworst
manymoremost
mostmoremost
littlelesslest
farfarther
further
farthest
furthest
oldolder?
elder
oldest?
eldest
要注意的是許多形容詞同時又是副詞,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,s
low等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞,其規(guī)律如下:?
構(gòu)詞法形容詞副詞
一般加lyCareful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y時將y變成i力I」lyHappy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其他true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。?
此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級和最高級形容詞。能修飾比較級的有:much,y
et,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修飾最高級的有:thevery,much
the,far等。?
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?
[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?
[析]定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時
則要看作單數(shù),如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?
[誤]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?
[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?
[析]意為:〃危險已經(jīng)過去,最困難的狀況已結(jié)束?!ㄓ枚ü谠~加最高級形容詞作主語時
應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?
[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?
[析]golden在英語中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金發(fā),guldenvoice金嗓子。而g
old多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的,如:agoldbar金條,agoldcoin金幣,但goldfish金魚例外。
[誤]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?
[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?
[析]英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數(shù)詞,加名詞加ed構(gòu)成,如:?
warm?hoarted熱心腸的,white?haired白毛的?
[誤]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?
[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?
[析]在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞--般不能作定語,只能作表語。如:
Thefishisalive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,
awake等。?
[誤]Theillmannearlydied.?
[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?
[析]ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語時則都可以。如:Hei
sillsick,ill作定語時則另有他意,如:illluck(厄運(yùn)),illnature(天性惡劣),ill
temper(心緒不好)?
[誤]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?
[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?
[析]不定代詞something,anyone,somebody…在用形容詞修飾時,形容詞應(yīng)放其
后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規(guī)律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingt
otellyou.?
[誤]r11befreeonnextSunday.?
[正]r11befreenextSunday.?
[析]在表達(dá)將來時的時候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundayla
stweek,lastyear前都不加介詞。?
[誤]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?
[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?
[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??
[析]山連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞,在學(xué)習(xí)時要記住兩點(diǎn),其一是這
些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(兩千字的報(bào)告);其二是這
樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語,即用于名詞之前,而不能作表語。?
[誤]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?
[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?
[析]在名詞前若有幾個形容詞作修飾語時,其順序如下。?
1.指示代詞,定冠詞2.數(shù)量詞3.性質(zhì)詞4.大???5.形狀6.老少,新舊7.顏
色8.材料?
但要注意的是英語的習(xí)慣是一個名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個。?
如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?
ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?
[誤]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmanevery
day.
[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmanevery
day.
[析]good是形容詞,這里是修飾動詞speak的,所以應(yīng)用副詞well,但well作形容詞
講時只作身體好。如:Heiswell.(他身體很好)。Heisgood.(他是個好人)。?
[誤]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?
[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??
[析]多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.?
[誤]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?
[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?
[析]英語中感觀動詞后面要接形容詞,這時它是修飾主語的,如:Thefoodsmellsgo
od.食物聞起來很香。Theteacherlookedangry老師看起來很生氣。?而此句的意思為:
〃老師生氣地看著學(xué)生〃,所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。?
[誤]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?
[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?
[析]不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞,但friendly是形容聞這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely,
lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞,又是形容詞,如:e
arly,hourly,monthly***?
[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?
[析]free作為形容詞意為〃自由的,有空閑的,免費(fèi)的〃。作為副詞講則是〃免費(fèi)〃之意。
而freely作為副詞則是〃自由的,隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有:?hard努力,艱苦hardly
兒乎不late遲,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly幾乎?like像likely幾乎?
[誤]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?
[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?
[析]bynow是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)用瞬間動詞。而till
now是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以一定要用持續(xù)性動詞。?musthave+過去分詞是對
過去某一事情所作的肯定推測。?
[誤]Someonecalledyourightnow.?
[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?
[析]justnow有兩個意思,其一是〃剛才〃,其二是〃現(xiàn)在〃,而rightnow只能用于現(xiàn)在
的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時態(tài),如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?
[誤]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?
[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?
[析]presently有兩個意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意,與atpres
ent相同。而forthepresent為暫時,如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepre
sent.
[誤]r11bebackatthemoment.?
[正]I'llbebackinamoment.?
[析]atthemoment其意為〃現(xiàn)在,當(dāng)時〃,而inamoment意為〃馬上過一會",與ina
minute意思相近。?
[誤]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?
[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?
[析]ontime為“準(zhǔn)時〃,而intime有兩個含意。其一是"及時",如:Thedoctorarri
vedintimeo其二是〃將來,終究〃。?
[誤]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?
[析]Sometime過去,或者將來某時。?Sometimes有時?
如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些時間?
如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes幾次?
如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?
attimes有時,偶爾?
atalltimes經(jīng)常?
someothertime改天?
[誤]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
*ago用在時間狀語中時,主句中謂語動詞一般用過去時,而before用于時間狀語時
則主句的謂語動詞宜用完成時態(tài)。?
[誤]Hestudiedveryhard,andattheendhepassedtheexam.?
[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?
[析]intheend二atlast意為〃最終,終于〃,表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而at
theend是在某事的結(jié)束時如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveuss
omestorybookso?
[誤]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?
[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?
[析]everythreedays為"每三天”,即每隔二天,而everyotherday為每隔一天。
[誤]Hedidn'tgotothecinemayesterday,andIdidn'tgo,too.?
[正]Hedidn,tgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidn,tgoeither.?
[析]英語中表示"也”,有4個字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句
中,而前3個用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與aswell一般要用在句尾,而also則可用于
句中。$11:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:I'veal
soreadherothernovels.?
[誤]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[析]anyway為"不管怎么"講,"無論如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anyway
noonewashurt.?
anyway為〃任何方式〃。這種常見的錯誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中,如:?
everyday日常的everyday每天?
faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的faraway遠(yuǎn)離?
altogether總計(jì)alltogether一塊,大家一起?
already已經(jīng)allready全準(zhǔn)備好了?
[誤]Youcancometothedoctor,satanytime.?
[正]Youcancometothedoctor*satanytime.?
[析]anytime是副詞而anytime中的time是名詞。?
[誤]Shesaidnearlynothing.?
[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?
[析]nearly與almost的含意相近,在很多場合可以互換,但在否定詞前用almost。
[誤]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?
[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?
[析]toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.
而toomany后加可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后面加形容詞,如:Itismuchtoodifficultto1
earnEnglishwell.?
[誤]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?
[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?
[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式,或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):forso
mebodytodosomethingo?
[誤]Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?
[析]用a為首字母的形容詞不能用v^y修飾,一般要用much來修飾。?
[誤]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[析]英文與中文表達(dá)法不同,隔多長時間辦?次某事,實(shí)際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率,
所以要用howofteric?
[誤]Assoonas1arriveinNewYork,I'llcallupyou.?
[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,I'llcallyouup.?
[析]當(dāng)動詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時則一定要放于動詞之后,如果是名詞則可以放在
詞組其后。?如:1wanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以講:Pleaseturn
theTVon.?
[誤]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?
[IE]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?
[析]副詞在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下幾種用法:①實(shí)意動詞之前,如:Hequickl
ygivemetheanswer.②在be動詞之后,如:The1ittleboyisoftenlateforclas
s.③第一助動詞之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.(4)在單獨(dú)使用的be
動詞和助動詞之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是無論
如何也不能將副詞置于動詞與賓語之間,如果是賓語從句或是很長的名詞
詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用:?
Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?
[誤]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?
[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?
[析]表示一定長度的時間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于
句首。
[誤]Youhavefewnewbooks,haven,tyou??
[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??
[析]英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少,幾乎沒有),afew(有
一些,幾個);修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle(很少,幾乎沒有),alittle(有一點(diǎn),有一些)。要
注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時應(yīng)看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中時則
應(yīng)看作是肯定句。
[誤]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[析]quitea為一固定用法,其意為“十分,相當(dāng),所以quiteafew=many,quite
alittle=muchJfijonlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.?
[誤]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??
[析]some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞,在一般情況卜,some用于肯定句,a
ny用于疑問句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時,應(yīng)用someo其次是some可以用來修飾
可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??
[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?
[析]在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時,這個作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如:?
ashoeshop鞋店
afruitshop水果店
abookshop書店?
apostoffice郵局
apolicestation警察局
abusstop汽車站?
[誤]Heisweakatphysics.?
[正]Heisweakinphysics.?
[析]在表達(dá)擅長于作某事時用begoodatsomething,而其反意詞為bebadatso
mething,但beweakinsomethingo?
[誤]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?
[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?
[析]beworth后可接動、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事,又可接價格、金錢表示值多少錢。?
[誤]Don'tafraidofthat.?
[正]Don,tbeafraidofthat.?
[析]afraid在英文中是形容詞而不是動詞。這樣的詞組還有:?
beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?
becertainof有把握,確定besureof確信?
begladof高興besickof厭惡?
befondof喜歡?
[誤]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?
[IE]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?
[析]well與badly作副詞時,表示好壞,如果句子是被動語態(tài),則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之
前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主動語態(tài),則應(yīng)放于句末,如:I
didmyhomeworkwell.?
[誤]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?
[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?
[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中,如:
Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?
[誤]Look.Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes!?
[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[析]在句子開頭用Here時,如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序,如果主語是名詞則
要用倒裝語序。?
[誤]Sheismyoldersister.?
[正]Sheismyeldersister.?
[析]elder和eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系,而older,oldest則是
指歲數(shù)大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?
[誤]rmtired.Ican'tgofurther.?
[正]I'mtired.Ican,tgofarther.?
[析]far有兩個比較級farther較遠(yuǎn)的,further進(jìn)一步的,如:Doyouneedanyf
urtherexplanation?你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個最高級。farthest^11furth
est.?
[誤]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?
[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?
[析]ago常與過去時連用,而before則多與完成時連用。?
[誤]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notalready.?
[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notyet.?
[析]仍然有三個英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already,yet與stillo要注意的是alre
ady經(jīng)常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑問句和否定句中,
如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still則常用于主語與謂語動詞之間,如:W
estillcan,tdecidewhattodo.但也有時用于be動詞之后,如:Heisstillhere.?
[誤]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?
[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?
[析]much可以用來修飾比較級,而very則用來修飾形容詞原級,如:I'mverytired.
[誤]一CanIwalktothestation??-You'dbetternot.Itisveryfar.?
[正]-CanIwalktothestation??
-You*dbetternot,Itisalongway.?
[析]for-'般用在疑問句與否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestatio
n?又如:Itisntfar.?
[誤]I'veeverbeentoAmerica.?
[正]rvebeentoAmericaonce.?
[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever則用于疑問句,否定句,及條件狀語從句中,如:Have
youeverbeentoLondon??
[誤]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Iamnotafraidso.?
[IE]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,rmafraidnot.?
[析]在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件,如:Doyouthinkshei
sagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/I'mafraidso,但在
否定的答語中,英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同,如,Idon'tthinkso而在hope,belive
與afraid后則常用not,如:Ihopenot.?
[誤]Shedidn,tworkenoughhard,soshecouldn,tpasstheexam.?
[正]Shedidn,tworkhardenough,soshecouldn,tpasstheexam.?
[析]enough可以作名詞用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglish
well.(對于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)?另外它可以作為形容詞,如:Ihaveenoug
hmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作為形容詞時即可
放于名詞前又可放于名詞后,在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough作為副詞
用,那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。?
[誤]Youcan,tbeverycareful.?
[正]Youcan'tbetoocareful.?
[析]此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。t。?!璽。的用法是〃太……以至于不能作
某事〃。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時也常常將后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那對我
來講是太貴了。?
[誤]Heisgoodpastfifty.?
[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?
[析]well作為副詞用時除用于〃好〃之外還有〃大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地〃,等意。往往有人對下
面兩句的對或錯有爭議;?
Heiswell.?
Heisgood.?
其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法,只不過其含意不同。Heiswell是〃他身體不錯〃,而H
eisgood則為〃他是個好人〃。?
[誤]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?
[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.?
[析]在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly,almost,exactly*--
等置?于第一?個as之前。?
[誤]HeissameageasTom.?
[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?
[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。?
[誤]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?
[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?
*like作為介詞,其意為〃像〃,應(yīng)用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加
賓語。而?alike?是形容詞,或副詞,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredress
edalikeo但alike僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。?
[誤]Whoistallerofthetwo??
[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??
[析]兩者的比較級之前要加定冠詞。?
[誤]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?
[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?
[析]less是little的比較級,而fewer是few的比較級。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而
fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?
[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級,在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級。?
[誤]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?
[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?
[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級,而不可加比較
級,也有的語法書中稱為同級比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞,這要看它具體是
修飾動詞還是名詞而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?
[誤]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?
[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?
[析]英文中如果要表達(dá)越來越怎樣,在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法:①比較級+and+比較
級。②定冠詞+比較級...,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlongero要注意的是
多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級前要加more,這樣的用法是:moreandmore加形容詞,如:Thegirl
isgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?
[誤]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.?
[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?
[析]在作比較時,英語一般要求對比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動名詞,應(yīng)都用動名詞,
用不定式時則都用不定式。但有時在后一個不定式前的符號to可以省略。如:Torepairt
heoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?
[誤]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?
[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?
[析]clever有兩個比較級:cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比較級來修
飾比較級。?clever的兩個比較級也各有不同之處,如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時多用more
clever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其誠實(shí)。)?
[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?
[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?
[析]最高級的范圍要用。f加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。?
[誤]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?
[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?
[析]在。neof后面最高級形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。?
[誤]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionar
ies.
[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionar
ies.
[析]在修飾最高級時應(yīng)用far/byfar/much加the加最高級。但very例外,如:H。
istheverybestplayerintheteam.?
[誤]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?
[析]在比較級中表示比較對象時如用anyother其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[IE]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[析]〃大多數(shù)”一詞的表達(dá)法有mostofthe+名詞,或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時,
其后面的定冠詞不可少。?
[誤]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?
[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?
[析]比較級用于兩句話之間時.,比較的部分不可省略掉,但為了避免重復(fù),一般都要用
Ihat代替前面的單數(shù)名詞,而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:Thebooksinthatboxar
ebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?
[誤]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?
[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?
[析]nomore在現(xiàn)代英語中多譯為:〃從此再也不會了〃,如:Hisvoiceisnomoreh
ere.他已經(jīng)去世了,他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用nolonger表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意
下面幾組句子的實(shí)際含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即兩間屋子都不干
凈。(兩者都不干凈)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即這屋子不如那間干凈。
(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈,一間不干凈。)?
(三)例題解析?
1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?
A.interestingB?moreinteresting?
C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。?
2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??
-Singing,ofcourse.She'sknownto___it.?
A.begoodatB.begoodfor
C.bebadatD.bebadfor?
[答案]A.?
[析]begoodat為固定搭配,意為〃擅長作某事〃。初中英語中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)
記牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befit
for?
3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?
A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?
C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?
[答案]C.?
[析]在oneof+定冠詞+最高級之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。?
4?Thegirlwas___afraidshethrewherbagaway.?
A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?
[答案]A.?
[析]so-that為〃如此怎樣以至于如何〃,此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包
跑掉了。而too…to的意思為〃如何如何,以至于不能作某事〃。但to的后面是動詞原形,而
不是從句。?
5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?
A.hotB.hoter
C.hotterD.thehottest?
[答案]C.?
[析]用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級。?
6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??
A.bestB.well
C.betterD.good?
[答案]A.?
[析]在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級,而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級。?
7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?
A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully
C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?
[答案]C.?
[析]首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來修飾動詞的副詞。這里是修飾
watch這一動詞,應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來修飾副詞或形容詞時應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或
副詞之后。?
8?___sheeats,___she*11be.?
A.More***fatB.Themoree**fatter?
C.More???thefatterD.Themore***thefatter?
[答案]D.?
[析]the+比較級表示〃越來越……〃本句應(yīng)譯為:她吃得越多,她就會越胖。?
9?Idon'tthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?
A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?
C.notsoimportantD.importantas?
[答案]A.?
[析]think+賓語從句時,應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式,如:中文講,〃我認(rèn)為你不對〃,英文應(yīng)
為:〃我不認(rèn)為你對Idon'tthinkyouareright.所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不
正確的表達(dá)法。?
10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___Engl
ish.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?
C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?
[答案]A.?
[析]過去分詞常用來修飾人,而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來修飾物,如:aninterestingbook,
實(shí)際上過去分詞含有被動之意,如:interested其含意是“被...所吸引,感動〃。而interes
ting則為〃使人感興趣的〃,如:aninterestingman一個有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。?
11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel___.?
A.aloneB.lonely
C.happilyD.friendly?
[答案]B.?
[析]alone意為〃獨(dú)自的,一個人的〃,它只能作表語不能作定語。Iamnotalonein
doingsuchathing.而lonely意為〃寂寞的,孤單的“,如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要
體會兩個詞的區(qū)別,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidn'tfeellonely.?
12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?
A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?
C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?
[答案]A.?
[析]terrible是形容詞,而terribly是副詞,第一個空是修飾名詞的,所以應(yīng)填入形
容詞。第二個空ill是形容詞,這里terribly是用來修飾ill的。?
13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgotev
erything.?A.soB.too
C.veryD.much?
[答案]A.?
[析]這里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?
14?Whichis___,LiLei'sboxorHanMeimei*sbox??
A.heavyB.heavier
C.moreheavierD.theheaviest?
[答案]B.?
[析]兩者之間用比較級,三者或以上用最高級。?
15?Youdon,tlikethesamecoloursandIdon'tlikethem,___.?
A.tooB.also
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
[析]在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?
16?Jimisatallhislessons.AndI'msurehe*11dovery___inthee
xams.?
A.well,goodB.good,well
C.well,wellD.good,good?
[答案]B.?
[析]good為形容詞,如:Heisgood.他是個好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時
是形容詞,如:Heiswell為他身體不錯,而作為其他意思時為副詞,如:HespeaksEnglish
well.?
17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??
A.morethinB.morethinner
C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?
[答案]D.?
[析]多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來表示其比較級或最高級,而thin的比
較級為thinnero?
18?Let'sgooutforsuppernow.Vmvery___.?
A.hungryB.angry
C.tiredD.thirsty?
[答案]A.?
[析]hungry-餓,angry-生氣,tired-緊,疲勞,thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。?
19?-Canyouunderstandme??
-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?
A.hardlyB.almost
C.evenD.ever?
[答案]A.?
[析]hardly為一否定詞,用在句中時應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語H」Sorry決定了其意
為〃聽不明白",所以只能選hardlyo?
20?〃___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?”?
Abouttwiceamonth.,z?
A.HowoftenB.Howsoon
C.HowmuchD.Howlong?
[答案]A.?
[析]howoften用來提問某一動作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次,也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。how
soon是問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。?
21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??
A.longB.longer
C.longestD.thelongest?
[答案]D.?
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