從《綠皮書(shū)》看美國(guó)種族歧視

-3-Racialdiscriminationinmoviesiseverywhere.Forexample,Nomattersinrestaurants,bars,hotels,etc.,therearealsomanyproblemsinthesephenomena,theblackdisobedienceisillegal,andwillbearrestedandpunished.Conversely,whitepeoplewouldnotbe.Thischaptermakesananalysisoftheracialdiscriminationphenomenonandtheproblemsreflectedinthefilm.2.1BlackStereotypesBlackpeoplesufferfromstereotypediscriminationinthefilmandtelevisionindustry.Blackpeopleoftenappearinmoviesasstupid,fat,poor,andrudesupportingcharacters.Thisphenomenonisreflectedinmanyfilms,suchastheimageofablackRedinTheShawshankRedemptionandtheimageofafaithfulservantinDrivingMissDaisy,whoareoftenvulgarblackpeopleatthebottomofsociety.ButthecharactersintheGreenBooksetreversedthetradition,theblackbecamefamousinAmerican,whitehasbecomelivinginthebottomofthesociety,thebehaviorbrokethepastmostofthemoviecharactersetstereotypes,blackShellyisagoodexample,allabilitiesareoutstandingelegantgentleman,whiteTonyisrude,lackofeducation,nocultureatthebottomofthemix.Butevenso,someofthearrangementsinthefilmdonotgetridofthestereotypeofblackpeople,becauseanyartisticorcharactersettingcannotgetridofskincolor,raceandotherissues,justasnomatterhowgoodheis,hecannotchangethestatusquoofdiscriminationinsocietybecauseofblackskincolor.Underthebackgroundofthetimes,Shirleyisveryconcernedabouttheunequaldiscriminationbroughtbyhisskincolor,buthecannotchangethisdiscrimination.Hecanonlyimprovehisknowledgeandimprovehisself-cultivation,maintainhisownnobleandelegantimage,andliveasmuchaspossibleasa"white"aspossible,andbecomeadifferentself.Heisverytalentedinmusic,withstronglearningability,goodeducationandpersonalaccomplishment,andwasstrictwithhimself.However,inthebackgroundofthatera,duetohisskincolor,hestillcouldnotgetridofthestereotypeofblackpeople.2.1.1RecruitmentEvent--BornSlavesTonyisawhitemanonthebottom,ShirleyDonisablackmanonthetop.Wecanfeelthisfromthefirstmeetingofthetwopeople.ShirleyDonChieflookeddownatTony,Tonycrosshislegsslightlyoutofthehead.HighlightsDonShelly'ssuperiorityandTony'srandomness.However,thechangeofattitudefromTony'sentryintotheroomandwaitingforShirleytohissightshowsTony'ssurprise,andthatTonyagreedtoShirley'sofferbecausethehighcommissionpromptedthewhitepeopletolowertheirheadsattheblackpeople.Tony'sfacewasfullofjoywhilewaitingforSherry,andhewasdisdainforsittingonthethrone.Thereisnocleardiscriminationagainstblackpeople,butitclearlyexpressesthestereotypeofblackpeoplefromTony'sattitude.2.1.2CarBreakdownIncident--NativeSlavesTonypulledoverforrepairs.DonShellygotouttowaitandsawagroupofblackpeopleinthearablefield,makingsomucheyecontact.Bothblack,fromtheeyesoftheblackpeopleandtheeyesofTangSherry,seetwoworlds.Bothsurprisedeachother.Oneworldisblackcanletwhitepeopleservethem,theotherworldisblack,men,womenandyoung,havetoworkinthefields.Fromtheblackeyesinthesurpriseeasilyseeblackunbelievable,theycan'tbelievetheireyes,whiteserviceblack,becauseinthelongriverofhistory,slowlyevenblackhimselfbelieveheisthebottomofthesociety,andmatchsuchwordsisdirty,greed,letalonewhiteandothers,naturallythinktheylowest,sothestereotypeisincreasinglyobvious.Becausepeoplearetreatedinunequaltermsoveralongperiodoftime,thispopulationwillnotbeparticularlysensitivetoanyformofenvironment.Theyalsofeltinferior,whichwassimilartotheoriginalrestrictionsandunequaltreatmentofwomen'ssocialstatusinthefeudalsociety,resultinginwomen'sdesireforandunsensitivitytowomen'srights.2.1.3ClothingStoresEvent--BlackPovertyAshowtime,twopeoplepassingaclothingstoreinthestreet,TonyproposedShirleyintoclothingstore.Shirleytouchaseniordressinthere,Tonyimmediatelylettheclerktofindadress,theclerkisveryhappy.ButwhenTonysaidisShirleytobuydresswastakenback,theclerkalsoimmediatelyserioussaidblackcan'ttryon,nochancetoexplain,noaskingstatuswasrejected.Thisisnotpeoplebraindirtypoorstereotypesatwork.Blackpeoplecan'ttrythestoredressbutWhitepeoplecan.Thiskindoftreatmentonthepoor,letusstillkeepasmileofShellyDon,theheartisverystrongbuthelpless.Next,canonlyusemusictoexpressthedepressedheart.Therearecountlesssuchincidents,andtensofthousandsofblackpeoplehavebeentreatedsincechildhood.Theyhavebecomeusedtothisdifferentialtreatment.Itisbecauseofthishabitthatleadstotheincreasinglylowstatusofblackpeople,andeventuallyleadstothestereotypeoflowandpovertyinthemindsofmostpeople.2.2WhiteStereotypesMathewShoibelievesthat"WhiteSaviour"isacommonimageinHollywoodmoviesthatcontainstheplotparadigminwhichwhitecharacterssavecharactersofcolor.Thesewhitecharactersareoftentrappedordangerousinlife,butstillhavetheresponsibilitytoguidedirection,solveproblemsforpeopleofcolor,andsavethemorhelpthemachievemoralredemption.Theystandatthehighestpointofmoralityandpitythediscriminatedagainst,callingonpeopletolovethem,butinfactthesufferingofthediscriminatedagainstisallcausedbythem,theyhaveneverreallyexperiencedthediscriminatedagainst,becausetheyhaveneverbeentreatedlikethis.Theywanttoeliminateracialdiscriminationbyonewordoroneaction,buttheycannotsucceedfromGod'spointofview.2.2.1RainyNightIncident--WhiteSaviorIntheeyesoftheAmericanpolice,blackpeoplearenaturallycoloredandbornwithdiscrimination,suchassigns:onlywhitepeopleareallowedtoliveinthecityaftersunset.Thepolicesaid,"blackscan'tcomehereatnight.ThisisSunsetTown",whichistheregulation.Atthesametime,thepoliceorderedthattheymustgetoffthecarforinspection,thisistheAmericanpolice.AfterDonShellywasimprisoned,"whywasIshutup,"theAmericanpolicereplied,"thereasonisthatannoyingskincolor.”And"letthisblackmancallhim,"theeyesofthepolicewhorepresentpublicpower.Thiskindofinnerrootedracialdiscriminationcannotchangerightnow.AlthoughtheheroTonyisverypoorandvulgar,butbecauseofhiswhiteidentity,heismuchmorefreethanShirleyandlivesahappylife.Tonyhaswhiteskin,butheisatthebottomofAmericansociety,livingalifelikeapersonofcolor.Heworksasasecurityguardinanightclub,andthinksthateverythingcanbesolvedwithmoney.Heonlyhasaprimaryschoolculture,likessmokinganddrinking,andsaysdirtywords.Inorderto50dollarsofmoneytoparticipateinthebigstomachkingcompetition,Tonyatetogettheprizemoneytosolvetheurgentneed.Inreality,Tony'sparentswereItalianimmigrants.Heworkedasasoldierfortwoyears,butonlyhadaprimaryschooldiploma.Butinthebackground,Tony'spoorlifeistroubledagain.HelivesinaverypoorcityofNewYork,mostofwhichareimmigrantsfromJewsandItaly.Theenvironmentisverycomplicatedandthesecurityisverypoor.AsanItalianimmigrant,Tonyisalsolivingontheedgeofmainstreamlife,whichcanbesaidtobethebottomofthesociety.HisItaliandescentevenmadehimridiculedbythepolice,satirizehimas"halfblack".ThisdifferenceinidentitydisadvantageandstatusmakesTonyabigdifferencefromtheorthodoxwhitepeopleintheUnitedStates.Still,heremainsatrueracist.Atthebeginningofthefilm,Tonyisaracistman.Hethrewtheblackcupintothetrashinthetrashcan.ItcanbesaidthatTonywouldneverhavebeenadriverfortheblackman.Tonywentforaninterview,Shirleyaskedhimwhethertheblackpeoplewoulddamagehisdignity,Tonyisguilty,becauseafewdaysagohealsothrownblackpeople'sglassintothetrash.Buthedeliberatelysaidafewdaysagoinvitedtwoblackplumbertodrinkjuiceathome,eveninordertogethisrecognitionalsopretendtobeveryfriendlytoblack.So,thecharacterscreatedinthefilmareanexception,justthewayweseeit.Inreality,manywhiteswhoareforcedtomakealivingmaynotacceptblackemployment,whileitisharderforso-called"upper-class"whitepeopletoletgoofracialdiscrimination.Inthefinalshow,forexample,evenifShelleymadeitclearthathewouldnotparticipateinthisimportantshowifhedidn'tstaytoeat,thehostwasreluctanttogivein,anddeep-rootedracialbeliefsmadehimanywayunacceptabletoeatwithblackpeople.WhatishardertoimagineisthatwillthepowerfulorartywhiteaudiencesandhostsoftheeventreflectonthemselvesbecauseofShelly'sresistancetoabandoningtheperformance?Willyoureflectontheattitudeofsocietytowardspeopleofcolor?Theanswerisno.Becausediscriminationisthereality.2.2.2BlackBarIncident-ProblemSaviorShirley'swonderfulperformancewontheaudience'sapplause.Aftertheend,hewastargetedbyseveralblackgangsters.Theyhidbehindthecar,Tonyfoundoutapistolandputtwoshotsintotheskytoscareawaythegangster.Shirley'scounterattackuseabilityandcontacts,noonethoughtthathewouldhavethisabilityandcontacts.Tony'scounterattackisagun,noonethoughtthathewouldreallyhaveagun.Finallythegangsterwasscaredaway,theysetfootonthereturnjourney.Infact,higherblackcrimerateshaveagreaternegativeimpactonblacksocialstatus.Respectisgivenbyothers,infact,itiswonbyitself,soissocialstatus.Notonlyrelyontheso-calledsavior,andthesaviorwillnotsaveeveryone.Theiractionsalsohitbackonstereotypes.

ChapterThreeReasonsofracialdiscriminationintheUSRacialdiscriminationintheUnitedStateshasbeeneradicatedforalongtime.However,therearemanyreasonsforthissituation,suchastheproblemsleftoverbyhistory,whichhavebeenexistedsincethe17thcentury,andbecamemoreandmoreseriousafteralongperiodofaccumulation.Thereareotherreasons,suchassocialandculturalreasons.Thiswillbedetailedinthissection.3.1HistoricalReasons3.1.1TheSpecialHistoryofAmericaTheUnitedStatesalwayshasalonghistoryofracialdiscrimination.Thecountry,theoriginaldevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesisbasedontheoccupationoftheIndianlandandthecruelexploitationofthewhitesupremeracism,nowmaybethisisverycontradictorytwoideasinpeople,butinthattimeitisthetwogoodAmericanimmigrants,theBritishEmpireofthe17thcenturyconquestofcolor,white'ssuperiorityalsoseemslogicalatthesametimejusttotheAnglo-Saxonandasthepeopleofgod,alsohavenaturalsuperioritytootherraces.Inthemid-19thcentury,JohnMullerwrotethefamousbookonFreedomFreedomisapoliticalworkbyBritishthinkerJohnStuartMuller,firstpublishedin1859.Therearethreecentraltopicsonfreedom:first,thefreedomofthoughtanddiscussion;second,thefreedomofindividuality;andthird,thesocialcontroloverindividualfreedom.Readingthroughthebook,wecanseethatthedivisionoftherightsbetweentheindividualandthesocietyisthecoreessenceofthebook:first,aslongastheindividualactionsdonotinvolvetheinterestsofthepeopleoutsidethemselves,theindividualdoesnothavetoberesponsibletothesociety;second,theonlyconditionthattheindividualisresponsibletothesocietyisthattheindividualbehaviorharmstheinterestsofothers.Thebookishailedasamasterpieceofliberalism.FreedomisapoliticalworkbyBritishthinkerJohnStuartMuller,firstpublishedin1859.Therearethreecentraltopicsonfreedom:first,thefreedomofthoughtanddiscussion;second,thefreedomofindividuality;andthird,thesocialcontroloverindividualfreedom.Readingthroughthebook,wecanseethatthedivisionoftherightsbetweentheindividualandthesocietyisthecoreessenceofthebook:first,aslongastheindividualactionsdonotinvolvetheinterestsofthepeopleoutsidethemselves,theindividualdoesnothavetoberesponsibletothesociety;second,theonlyconditionthattheindividualisresponsibletothesocietyisthattheindividualbehaviorharmstheinterestsofothers.Thebookishailedasamasterpieceofliberalism.

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Books,1986:74-75.[9]何小茵.《在近十年美國(guó)系統(tǒng)性種族主義的表現(xiàn)和黑人平權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)》[J].圖書(shū)情報(bào)工作,2021,56(02):6-12.[10]林淮藝.《當(dāng)前美國(guó)的種族歧視問(wèn)題探析》[J].科學(xué)通報(bào),2015,55(34):3219.[11]李志偉.《美國(guó)應(yīng)正視自身系統(tǒng)性種族主義問(wèn)題》[J].中華書(shū)局,2022,89(01):12-13.[12]宋蘭娥，任偉利.《美國(guó)種族歧視的現(xiàn)狀和根源》[J].科學(xué)通報(bào),2004(03):77-78.[13]張璐瑋.多模態(tài)視角下電影《綠皮書(shū)》中人物形象與主題研究[D].江蘇科技大學(xué),2020,52(25):54-55.[14]楊銘.《綠皮書(shū)》中的文化身份反思[J].漢江師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2021,41(01):67-70.3.1.2TheHistoryofBlackPeopleBlackAmericansweretheonlyracethatwasforciblybroughttotheUnitedStatesagainsttheirownwill.BeforetheEmancipationProclamationof1863,500,000"freeblacks"livedinthenorth.BlackpeoplelivingintheUnitedStatesarebedividedintothreecategories,andfreetimeisthekeydifferencebetweenthem.OneistheearliestblackAfricanscapturedtothewesternhemisphere,manyofwhomwerecontractslaves,ormulatto,andlaterbecamefreeblacks.Thesecondwasthelargenumberofblackslavessoldinthemid-17thcenturytothemid-18thcentury.ThreewastheblacksfromtheWestIndies.NorthAfricanArabswerethefirsttoenslavedblackAfricans,andslaveryexistedinAfricaandEuropeforthousandsofyears.TheuseofblackpeopleascommoditiesbeganaftertheArabconquestofNorthAfricainthe8thcentury.TheyworkedwithlocaltribestocaptureorbuyslavesandtakethemoutoftheSaharaDesert.TheArabsarethemostbrutalslave-owners,andtheSaharaDesertiscoveredwithmanybones.Itwasnotuntilafterthemid-20thcenturythattheArabworldeliminatedslavery.EuropeanslaverydiedbythetimeArabslavetradersbroughtAfricanstoSpain.TheSpanishcolonizedthewesternhemisphere,transportingslavesfromsub-SaharanAfricatothewesternhemisphere.Overcenturies,10millionAfricanslavesweretransportedtotheWesternhemisphere,morethanhalfofthemin1720-1820.Deadinthesea.Theproportionis9-16%.Ofthe10millionslaves,400,000weretransportedtothecoloniesintheUnitedStates.By1825,American-ownedslaveswerethehighestintheWesternhemisphere,oraboutathird.Themomenttheyareboughtandsoldascommoditiesisdoomedtotheirspecialandtragicfate.3.2SocialReasons3.2.1InequalityinSocialRelationsAssocietydevelops,theproblemofracialdiscriminationvariesindifferenttimes.Sincetheperiodofprimitiveaccumulationofcapital,itismainlymanifestedasdeprivingsomepeopleoftherighttovote,educationandotherimportantindividualrights.Duetotheexistenceofsuchobjectivefactors,socialproblems,suchasunemployment,poverty,druguse,crimeandviolence,havealwaysplaguedblackpeopleintheUnitedStates.Theycanonlyliveindirtyandcrowdedslums,wheresecurityispoorandsmallthatanadultcan'tevensquatinthetoilet.Theyoungworkforceisalsosubjectedtothisdiscriminationtoworkproperlylikewhitepeople,whoareforcedtomakealivinginordertomaintaintheirbasicsurvival.Evenfoundarelativelystablejob,black'swagestendtobesqueezedawaymost,actuallytheyonlycangetlessthanhalfofwhitewages,andinadditiontolowertheblackwages,underthepremiseofdifferentiallaw,arbitraryarrest,tortureorevendirectlykilledwillbedeprivedofrightsofblackforcedlimitintheso-called"reservation"livingevents."Druguse,lackofeducation,highcrimerate,"theseso-called"blacksymbols"makeitdifficultforblackimmigrantstomoveoninthesociety.3.2.2TheProliferationofWhiteSupremacyThoughtWhiteconsciousnessintheUnitedStateshasalonghistory.Itisnotproducedaftercontactwithblackpeople,buttheself-identitypsychologythathaslongbeenprecipitatedinBritishculture.FortheElizabethanEngland,whitehasaspecialculturalmeaning,anditbecomesarepresentativeofthebeautyofpeople,especiallywomen.Thepoempraisesthequeen:"Hercheek,herjaw,herneck,hernose,thisisthelily,thisistherose:herhandsareaswhiteascleanasawhalebone,herfingers,flashinglavender;herchest,assmoothasParis,holdingtwoalabaster.”Itcanbeseenthatwhiteisgivenapositivemeaning,representingpurity,beautyandsincerity,andisassociatedwithgood,kindness,virtue,wisdom,courage,etc.,andwithChristandangel.Thecompletelyoppositeisblack,itisasymbolofdegenerationandevil,withvariousmeaningsofsuspicion.Whentheblackmanappearsinthevisionofthewhitepeople,itstrengthensthewhiteconsciousnesstoacertainextent.Inotherwords,whentwoheterogeneousculturescontactandcollide,thedominantculturemustmeasurethecultureatadisadvantageonitsownscale.Inthelate19thcenturyandtheturnofthe20thcentury,theracialdeterminismandracismpolicywasthemostprevalent.WhitesuperiorityisaformofracialideologythatfavorsWhiteEuropeansoverotherethnicgroups.Thisisalsooneofthecausesofracialdiscrimination.BecauseoftheriseofthemodernWest,andthedevelopmentofthewhitepeople,andthesupremacyofthemodernwhitepeople,theideathatthewhitepeoplewerethebestnationandracewasspreadaroundtheworld.Sothewhitepeoplethinktheyarethebest,andtheotherpeopleareinferiorandinferior.Thisgiveswhitepeopleanaturalsenseofsuperiority,especiallyintheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants.Iwanttosaythataboutracism.Whitepeopleformahugeforce,supporteachother,andforotherethnicgroups,theythinkitisnaturallyinferior,whichmakesracialdiscrimination,hasbeendeeplyrooted.Aslongastheideaofwhitepeoplebeingfirstdoesnotchange,thenAmericanracialdiscriminationwillneverchange.3.3CulturalReasonsInanymulti-ethniccountryorregion,peopleofdifferentnationalitiesandnationalitiesexist.Eachethnicgrouphasitsownreligions,beliefs,lifestylesandvalues,whichallbelongtothecategoryofculture.Differentculturesgatherandcollidehere,inordertoachievethepurposeofcoexistence,graduallycompromiseovertime,butinfactthiscompromiseisdifficulttoachieve,becauseitisalmostimpossibleforabsolutelydifferentculturestofullyintegrate.Sometheoriessuggestthatminoritycultures(includingattitudes,values,andlanguage)areanobstacletotheirsuccessfulsocialcompetition.Thishasvirtuallyledtotheso-called"mainstreamculture".Forexample,theculturedominatedbyHanpeopleinChina,theculturedominatedbywhitepeopleintheUnitedStates,andtheculturedominatedbyYamatonationalityinJapan.3.3.1TheExtremesofReligionManypeoplenowonlyfocusontheextremesofIslam,butfewpeopleknowabouttheChristianreligiouswar.Asweknow,thefamousCrusades,includingtheworld-famousWesternmissionaries,areactuallyreligiousextremes.Why?Becausethegreatestdrivingforceofthemodernwesterncolonialworld,discriminationistheChristianeliminationofinfidelsandthespreadofreligion.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates,whentheBritishcametotheUnitedStates.WhyistheIndians,whyistheheretics,itisbecauseofthat.Theself-preservationandextremesofthisreligionarethedeepestcauseofracialdiscriminationinAmerica.Accordingtoourunderstandingnow,shouldbetheblacksufferedunequalracialdiscrimination,infact,isnot,tothereligiousdifferentracialdiscriminationcausedbythefirstvictimiswhite--Irish!BecausetheearlyAmericanswereProtestants,theIrishwereCatholic,andbecausetheIrishsetupCatholicchurchesintheAmericas,thisledtofrictionwiththeProtestants.Thus,theProtestantstategovernmentbegantorejecttheIrish,prohibitpublicoffice,andcollectextrataxesontheIrish,etc.TheIrishsufferedinjusticeandbegantoresist,escalatingthefrictionagain.Second,laterJewswerealsoracist,alsobecauseofdifferentdenominations,whichmadeJewsdescribedas"uncleanwhite".Onthecontrary,blackpeoplewhoalsobelieveinProtestantismdidnotsufferanydiscrimination,buthadplantedtheseedsofdiscriminationatthattime.3.3.2RelevantPoliciesofDiscriminationWiththerecessionoftheAmericaneconomy,thelivingconditionsofpeopleofcolor,especiallythemajorityofblackpeoplearefacinganincreasinglyseriousthreat,racialconflictsarefiercer,andracismismorerampant.TheDemocratsandRepublicanshavebeensurprisinglyunitedinthecampaign,takingtheirowninterestsatpeopleofcolor,especiallyblacks,overaseriesofpolicies.AmericanlawstopreventracialdiscriminationincludetheCivilRightsActandalawsignedbyPresidentBarackObamain2016.TheCivilRightsActprovides:"IntheUnitedStates,nopersonshallbedeniedparticipationinfederallyfundedprojectsoractivities,orpreventedfrombenefitordiscrimination,onthegroundsofrace,colorornationaldescent."Thebillalsostipulatesthatallprogramsthatreceivefederalfundingthroughgrants,loans,orcontractsmustabolishracialdiscriminationbasedonrace,color,orethnicorigin,andifracialdiscriminationoccursintheoperationoftheseprograms,thefederalgovernmentwillsuspendtheprogramorrefusetocontinuefunding.Inresponse,theU.S.DepartmentofEducationestablishedtheOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigateandresolvecomplaintsofracialdiscriminationagainsttherighttoeducation.Iftheinvestigationistrue,theOfficeofCivilRightswillfirstaskthecomplainedorganizationtostopdiscriminationandremedyit.Iftherespondentignoreshim,theCivilRightsOfficewillfilealawsuitoraskthegovernmenttoterminatethegrant.Americanlawforbidsracialwordssuchas"Oriental"and"black",andrequirestheuseofneutralwordssuchas"AsianAmerican"and"AfricanAmerican."Underthelaw,lawsandgovernmentdocumentsonpublichealth,socialwelfareandcivilrightswillalsoprohibittheuseofracialwordssuchas"Spanishspeakers,""Indians"and"EskimosandInuit",whichcanonlybereplacedbyLatinosand"indigenouspeople."AstheGreenBooktoconveyculture,itcleverlyrevealstheracialissuesandclassissuesunderthecomplexityoftheinterweave:thecharactersofcapitaldifferencesandhabits,geographicalspacemakesracefielddisplacement,containsfromthecapital,habits,fieldleveltheexistenceoftheculturalsymbolofpowerstruggle.

ChapterFourTheImplicationsofAmericanRacialDiscriminationRacialdiscriminationhasnotbroughtgoodinfluenceorbroughtbetterdevelopmenttothecountry.Onthecontrary,itisakindofunderrespectedandironicsocialcancer,forwhichmanydiscriminatedagainsthavebeentreatedunfairly,andthisphenomenonisobviouslyincompatibleintoday'speace.Theexperienceofthediscriminatedagainstalsoleftadeepimpressiononus,andthischapterisinspirationforthisphenomenon.4.1LoftyBeliefsLoftyidealsandbeliefsarethepillaroflifeandthebeaconofprogress.Establishedtheloftyidealsandbeliefs,wewillhavetherightdirectionandastrongspiritualsupport,andwecanresisttheerosionofallkindsofdecadentideas.Theestablishmentoflifegoals,theformationoflifeattitude,theenrichmentofknowledgeandability,thesettingofdevelopmentdirectionandsoon.Thesolutionoftheseproblemsrequiresageneralprincipleandgoal,whichrequirestheestablishmentofscientificandloftyidealsandbeliefs.Onlyinthisway,canmakethefutureliferoadmoreandwider,isapreciouslifefullofvalue,effective,fullofpride.TheideaofracialdiscriminationisstilldeeplyrootedintheheartsofwhiteAmericans,wholookdownonthemanddislikepeopleofcolor.African,Asian,Hispanic,Indian,Indian...everyminorityisdiscriminatedagainst,nowand100yearsago,butagainstracialdiscriminationispoliticalcorrectness,that'sall.Assaidinthemoviegreenbook,theydiscriminateagainstyoujustbecauseofyourskincolor,notwealth,notcharacterRacialdiscriminationhindersthespreadofcivilizationamongcountries.Itmakescountlesspeoplefightwitheachother,killeachother,andcannotlivealongwiththem.Ithinkitisagreatshame.SoIthinkweshouldsetupakindofskinhasnothingtodowiththeideal,withourknowledgefromyourself,tobelievethatracialdiscriminationiswrongandexpandpropagandaintheirownenvironment,somoreandmorepeoplewillabandonthisidea,moreandmorepeoplelessunfairtreatment,violenceanddiscriminationwillbebetterandbetter.Onlybysettinguploftyidealsandbeliefscanwemakeclearthepurposeandsignificanceoflearning,andstimulateastrongsenseofresponsibility,missionandmissionfornationalprosperity,socialharmony,nationalrejuvenationandourownsuccess.4.2ThePublicityandEducationofEthnicEqualityandHarmonyTheinternationalcommunityshouldhelpdevelopingcountrieseliminatepovertyandnarrowthegapbetweenrichandpoor,whilevigorouslyadvocatingracialequality,harmonyanddialoguebetweendifferentcivilizations.Thegapbetweenrichandpoorandracialincompatibilityareimportantrea