高中英語(yǔ)必修1Unit3Section5講義

[技法指導(dǎo)]以旅游為題材的書面表達(dá)是比較常見(jiàn)的一類寫作形式，屬于記敘文的范疇。游記就是將自己在游覽過(guò)程中的所見(jiàn)所聞和所想記錄下來(lái)，重在介紹名勝古跡、風(fēng)土人情等。寫這類記敘文應(yīng)注意：1．游記類記敘文主要是按照時(shí)間順序把一次旅游的過(guò)程介紹給別人。旅游的過(guò)程和游后感可以交叉進(jìn)行，也可以在文章的最后寫旅游感受。表達(dá)旅游感受可用感嘆句。2．要用過(guò)渡詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)把旅游過(guò)程的要點(diǎn)連接起來(lái)。3．要融入真情實(shí)感。要把自己的思想感情融進(jìn)文章里，做到既有所見(jiàn)所聞，又有所思所感，這樣可以豐富文章內(nèi)涵，深化寫作主題，使文章更具感染力。4．文章時(shí)態(tài)主要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。人稱用第一人稱。黃金表達(dá)，教你如何營(yíng)造亮點(diǎn)常用的開頭語(yǔ)1．Inordertoencouragethestudentstotakeoutdoorexercise,ourschoolorganized...2．Today,ourschoolorganizedaninterestingoutingforus.3．Lastweekend,myparentsandIwentto...foraholiday.4．Now,I'dliketotellyousomethingaboutanewattraction...環(huán)境描述語(yǔ)1．Standingonthetopofthemountain,thetemplehasexperiencedmanychangesinthisarea.2．Surroundedbymountainsonthreesides,thesmallvillagefacesaclearriverontheeast.3．Westofthecitystandsatallbuilding.4．SydneyisthebiggestcityinAustralia,whichhasmanyplacesofinterest,amongwhichistheOperaHouse.5．TheWestLakeisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.6．OnthewaytoMoscowIsawsomefarmhouseswhichwereabandoned.常用的結(jié)束語(yǔ)1．I'llneverforget...2．Thisisanunusual/unforgettablejourneytoLondonTower.3．Thiswasareallife-changingexperiencethatIwouldneverforget.4．Wehadagoodtime/enjoyedourselvesthere.5．Wewereverytired,butwereallyhadawonderfulday.[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列提示，展開想象，增添細(xì)節(jié)，寫一篇100詞左右的游記。1．暑假你和朋友參觀了蓬萊山。據(jù)說(shuō)這是家鄉(xiāng)最高的山，海拔約1000米。2．你們一路歡歌笑語(yǔ)來(lái)到了山腳下，開始爬山。3．山路崎嶇，路途遙遠(yuǎn)。雖然疲憊不堪，但你們并沒(méi)有放棄。4．最后到達(dá)山頂，觀看美麗的景色。[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．參觀pay_a_visit_to2．山腳下at_the_foot_of_the_hill3．失去信心lose_heart4．讓我們非常高興的是to_our_great_joy5．被……所打動(dòng)be_struck_by第二步：由詞造句1．據(jù)說(shuō)那是家鄉(xiāng)最高的山。①It_is_said_to_bethehighestmountaininmyhometown.②It_is_said_that_it_isthehighestmountaininmyhometown.③People_say_thatitisthehighestmountaininmyhometown.2．在路的兩邊，我們看到許多種竹子在風(fēng)中搖擺。①Onbothsidesofit,wesawmanykindsofbamboo,which_were_swinging_in_the_wind．②Onbothsidesofit,wesawmanykindsofbambooswinging_in_the_wind．③Onbothsidesofit,wesawmanykindsofbamboo,andthey_were_swinging_in_the_wind．3．從山頂看去，下面的房子看上去就像小箱子。①Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_thehousesbelowlookedlikesmallboxes.②When_we_saw_the_houses_belowfromthetopofthehill,theylookedlikesmallboxes.第三步：連句成篇AtriptoPenglaiMountainInthesummerholidaymyclassmatesandIpaidavisittoPenglaiMountain,whichliesinthesouthofourhometown.Itisaboutonethousandmetershigh.Itissaidtobethehighestmountaininmyhometown.Singingandlaughingalltheway,wearrivedatthefootofthehillontheearlymorning.Thenarrowroadwindsaroundthemountain.Onbothsidesofit,wesawmanykindsofbamboo,whichwereswinginginthewind.Itseemedasiftheywerewavingtous.Weclimbedhigherandhigher.Thoughourlegsbegantohurt,wedidn'tloseheart.Toourgreatjoy,wegotawonderfulviewfromthetop.Thegreenmountainswereallbelowourfeet,whichstretchedasfarastheeyescouldsee.Afterthesunrose,theforestlayquietandpeacefulinthesun.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thehousesbelowlookedlikesmallboxes.Wewereallstruckbythebeautyofthemountain.Whatahappydaywehad!Iwillneverforgetthedaywespent.[對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練(十二)]Ⅰ.閱讀理解Tomwasacleverboy,buthisparentswerepoor,sohehadtoworkinhissparetimeandduringhisholidaystopayforhiseducation.Inspiteofthis,hemanagedtogettotheuniversity,butitwassoexpensivetostudytherethatduringtheholidayhefounditnecessarytogettwojobsatthesametimesoastomakeenoughmoneytopayforhisstudies.Onesummerhemanagedtogetajobinabutcher'sshop(肉店)duringtheday-time,andanotherinahospitalatnight.Intheshop,helearnttocutmeatquitenicely,sothebutcheroftenlefthimtodoalltheserving(服務(wù))whilehewenttothebackroomtodotheaccounts(賬目).Inthehospital,ontheotherhand,hewas,ofcourse,allowed(允許)todothesimplestjobs,likehelpingtoliftpeopleandtocarrythemfromonepartofthehospitaltoanother.Bothatthebutcher'sshopandatthehospital,Tomhadtowearwhiteclothes.Oneeveningatthehospital,Tomhadtocarryawomanfromherbedtotheplacewhereshewastohaveanoperation.Thewomanwasalreadyfeelingfrightenedatthethoughtoftheoperationbeforehecametogether,butwhenshesawTom,thatfinishedher.“No!No！”shecried.“Notmybutcher!Iwon'tbeoperatedonbymybutcher！”andfaintedaway(昏厥)．語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，由于Tom家很窮，他為了上學(xué)不得不做兩份工作來(lái)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。他白天在肉店工作，晚上到醫(yī)院打工，由此發(fā)生了一件有意思的事情。1．Tommadeenoughmoneyby________．A．studyingintheuniversityB．workinginabutcher'sshopC．doingtwojobsD．cuttingmeatwell解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文第一段“duringtheholidayhefounditnecessarytogettwojobsatthesametimesoastomakeenoughmoneytopayforhisstudies”可知，Tom通過(guò)做兩份工作掙錢，故此題應(yīng)選C。2．Tomwasastudent,butatthesametimehewas________.A．a(chǎn)butcherandadoctorB．a(chǎn)managerandadoctorC．a(chǎn)nassistant(助手)D．a(chǎn)manager解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文第二段可知，Tom不僅是個(gè)學(xué)生，他還在肉店和醫(yī)院幫忙，故此題應(yīng)選C。3．ThewomanpatientrecognizedTombecausehe________．A．waswearingwhiteclothesB．hadsoldmeattoherC．wasnowworkinginthehospitalD．wasgoingtooperateonher解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文最后一段可知，Tom曾經(jīng)在肉店賣肉給她，而現(xiàn)在又出現(xiàn)在了醫(yī)院，因此那個(gè)婦女認(rèn)出了他，故此題應(yīng)選B。4．“WhenshesawTom,thatfinishedher”meansthesightofTom________．A．plungedherintodeepsorrowB．madeherdecidenottohaveanoperationC．brokeherheartD．tookallherstrengthandcourageaway解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文最后一段“‘No!No！’shecried.‘Notmybutcher!Iwon'tbeoperatedonbymybutcher！’andfaintedaway(昏厥)．”可知，當(dāng)婦女看見(jiàn)Tom后她昏厥了，故此題應(yīng)選D。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀1．________Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessaryso,however.Anyonecanbeeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Here'show:Planyourtimecarefully.Whenyouplanyourweek,youshouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist,youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.Firstyourtimeforeating,sleeping,dressing,etc.thendecideagood,regulartimeforstudying.2.________Aweeklyschedulemaynotsolveallyourproblems,butitwillforceyoutorealizewhatishappeningtoyourtime.Findagoodplacetostudy.Lookaroundthehouseforagoodstudyarea.Keepthisspace,whichmaybeadeskorsimplyacornerofyourroom,freeofeverythingbutstudymaterials.Nogames,radios,ortelevision!Whenyousitdowntostudy,concentrateonthesubject.Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.3.________Reallylisteninginclassmeanslessworklater.Takingnoteswillhelpyourememberwhattheteachersays.Studyregularly.Whenyougethomefromschool,gooveryournotes,reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday,readthatmaterial.4.________Ifyoudothesethingsregularly,thematerialwillbeemoremeaningful,andyouwillrememberitlonger.Developagoodattitudeabouttests.Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearnedaboutasubject.Theyhelpyourememberyournewknowledge.Theworldwon'tendifyoudon'tpassatest,sodon'tbeoverworried.5．________Youwillprobablydiscoverthemafteryouhavetriedthese.A．Thereareothermethodsthatmighthelpyouwithyourstudying.B．Don'tforgettosetasideenoughtimeforentertainment.C．Takeadvantageofclasstimetolistentoeverythingtheteacherssay.D．Noonecanbeeatopstudentunlessheorsheworkshard.E．Maybeyouareanaveragestudent.F．Makefulluseofclasstimetotakenotesofwhattheteachersaysinclass.G．Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthenextclass.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是關(guān)于有效學(xué)習(xí)的五個(gè)建議。分別是：計(jì)劃好時(shí)間、選擇好的學(xué)習(xí)地點(diǎn)、有規(guī)律地學(xué)習(xí)、利用好課堂時(shí)間、認(rèn)真對(duì)待考試。1．解析：選E考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)下一句“Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.”你想過(guò)你從未成為優(yōu)秀生。說(shuō)明你是一名普通的學(xué)生，故E正確。2．解析：選B考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)下一句“Aweeklyschedulemaynotsolveallyourproblems”很滿的時(shí)間安排不一定能解決所有的問(wèn)題，一定要有娛樂(lè)的時(shí)間。故B正確。3．解析：選C考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本段第一句“Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.”可知要充分利用好課堂的時(shí)間，故C項(xiàng)符合上下文。4．解析：選G考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)前一句“yourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday,readthatmaterial”說(shuō)明預(yù)習(xí)的重要性，預(yù)習(xí)以后會(huì)讓我們的學(xué)習(xí)更高效。故G項(xiàng)內(nèi)容符合上下文。5．解析：選A考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)下句“Youwillprobablydiscoverthemafteryouhavetriedthese.”說(shuō)明除了文章中的這些方法以外，還有另外的方式。故A項(xiàng)符合上下文。Ⅲ.完形填空Istheworldreallygoingmad?___1__dayIwassittinginarestaurant___2__aquickdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly__3__methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasn'tlong__4__thewholeroomwas__5__withsmoke.Iaskedwithanapologyfor__6__toopenawindowtostopmyself__7__！Nowadaysairpollutionissomethingthathardlyquestionanymore.However,Istillcan'twalkdownthestreetinanyofthebigcitieswithout__8__thatpeopleare__9__theairpollution.Itistimeforthegovernmentdepartmentsoftheworldtointroduceemission(廢氣排放)controlsonallcarsand___10__thepublictransportsystem(公共交通體系)toencouragepeopleto___11__theircarsathome.Afriendofminetakesflyinglessoneachmorninganditreallymakeshim__12__whenheclimbsabovethesmoglayer(煙霧)andlooksdown__13__itandthinks:“I'mbreathingthat！”Thiskindof__14__resultsfromthebadmanagementofresources.Wastethingscan__15__should,betreatedproperly.Housebuilding,road__16__，andindustrialdevelopmentareallearthmoving(orearth-reducing)operationsandcanchangethebalancesof__17__createdovermillionsofyears.Iwouldliketo__18__seriousstudiesdoneonallthesemainworksbeforetheyarebuilt.Also,thereshouldbe__19__nationalparkssetuptokeepthemostbeautifulpartsofourcountriesintheirnatural__20__．語(yǔ)篇解讀：作者在餐廳的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)餐廳里的每個(gè)人都在抽煙，從而意識(shí)到了空氣污染的嚴(yán)重性。闡述了空氣污染的嚴(yán)峻現(xiàn)狀，并呼吁人們保護(hù)空氣不受污染，并提出了有效減少空氣污染的措施。1．A.TheotherB．AnotherC．EveryD．Each解析：選A考查固定搭配。本文寫的是幾天前我坐在餐廳里發(fā)生的一件事，theotherday“幾天前”選A。2．A.askingforB．drinkingC．havingD．buying解析：選C考查動(dòng)詞。askfor“要求”；drink“喝”；have“有”；buy“買”。我坐在餐廳里喝著飲料，haveaquickdrink“喝了杯飲料”。選C。3．A.seemedB．struckC．sankD．showed解析：選B考查動(dòng)詞。seem“看見(jiàn)”；strike“擊中”；sink“沉沒(méi)”；show“展示”。句意：我突然意識(shí)到飯店的人都在抽煙。選B。4．A.agoB．a(chǎn)fterC．beforeD．now解析：選C考查介詞。ago“過(guò)去”；after“之后”；before“以前”；now“現(xiàn)在”。因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都在抽煙，所以不久后整個(gè)房間充滿了煙。Itwasnotlongbefore...“不久后就……”，選C5．A.fullB．filledC．crowdedD．parked解析：選B考查形容詞。因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都在抽煙，所以不久后整個(gè)房間充滿了煙，befilledwith“充滿了”選B。6．A.promiseB．helpC．suggestionD．permission解析：選D考查名詞。promise“保證”；help“幫助”；suggestion“建議”；permission“允許”。因?yàn)榉块g充滿了煙，所以我求得允許打開窗戶，選D。7．A.standingB．sittingC．talkingD．dying解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞。stand“站著”；sit“坐著”；talk“談話”；die“窒息”。句意：我請(qǐng)求打開窗戶防止自己窒息。選D。8．A.thinkingB．persuadingC．decidingD．learning解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞。think“想到”；persuade“說(shuō)服”；decide“決定”；learn“學(xué)習(xí)”。走在大城市的街上，我還不能不去想人們?cè)谠馐芸諝獾奈廴尽?．A.sufferingB．dyingC．walkingD．standing解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞。suffer“遭受”；die“窒息”；walk“走著”；stand“站著”。走在大城市的街上，我還不能不去想人們?cè)谠馐芸諝獾奈廴?，選A。10．A.increaseB．reduceC．improveD．raise解析：選C考查動(dòng)詞。increase“增加”；reduce“減少”；improve“改善”；raise“提高”。句意：改善公共交通系統(tǒng)從而減少空氣污染，選C。11．A.washB．repairC．driveD．leave解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞。wash“洗”；repair“修理”；drive“駕駛”；leave“留著”。鼓勵(lì)人leavetheircarsathome“把車留在家里”從而改善公共交通系統(tǒng)，選D。12．A.sickB．tiredC．foolishD．excited解析：選A考查形容詞。sick“生病”；tired“疲勞”；foolish“傻氣的”；excited“興奮的”。從“I'mbreathingthat！”可知，makesb.sick“使某人生病”，選A。13．A.onB．a(chǎn)tC．fromD．for解析：選B考查介詞。on“在”；at“在”；from“從”；for“為了”。當(dāng)他爬上煙霧層往下看，說(shuō)明地上的空氣污染很嚴(yán)重。lookdownat“低頭看”。選B。14．A.discussionB．questionC．pollutionD．operation解析：選C考查名詞。discussion“討論”；question“問(wèn)題”；pollution“污染”；operation“操作”。通篇講的都是空氣污染，所以Thiskindofpollution指的是airpollution，選C。15．A.butB．yetC．stillD．a(chǎn)nd解析：選D考查副詞。but“但是”；yet通常放在句末；still“仍然”；and“和”。and是can和should的并列，表示廢物也應(yīng)該被合理地解決。選D。16．A.workB．constructionC．buildingD．setting解析：選B考查名詞。work“工作”；construction“建設(shè)”；building“建筑”；setting“設(shè)立”。房屋建筑、公路建設(shè)和工業(yè)發(fā)展改變創(chuàng)造了超過(guò)數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的平衡。roadconstruction“公路建設(shè)”選B。17．A.lifeB．mindC．humanbeingD．plants解析：選A考查名詞。life“生活”；mind“意識(shí)”；humanbeing“人類”；plants“植物”。房屋建筑、公路建設(shè)和工業(yè)發(fā)展改變創(chuàng)造了超過(guò)數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的平衡。changethebalancesoflife“改變生活的平衡”，選A。18．A.seeB．startC．enjoyD．pay解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞。see“看到”；start“開始”；enjoy“享受”；pay“花費(fèi)”。seeseriousstudiesdone“看到這些嚴(yán)肅的研究被進(jìn)行”，選A。19．A.fewB．a(chǎn)nyC．moreD．no解析：選C考查副詞。few“幾個(gè)”；any“一些”；more“更多”；no“沒(méi)有”。根據(jù)上下文，應(yīng)該是有更多的國(guó)家公園被建成，選C。20．A.situationB．statesC．soilsD．places解析：選B考查名詞。situation“情況”；state“狀態(tài)”；soil“土地”；place“地點(diǎn)”。公園的建立使我們國(guó)家最美麗的地方處于他們的自然狀態(tài)下。intheirnaturalstate“處于自然的狀態(tài)”，選B。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空Worker:CustomerService,AnthonyGrantspeaking.1.________canIhelpyou?Customer:Ican'tbelievethisishappening!Icalledandordereda32-inchbaglastFriday,2.________todayIfoundthatyousenta24-inchone.IwasplanningtousethatbagduringourvacationinMexico,butitdoesn'tseempossible