綜合教程4-Unit-1-Never-give-in-never-市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎PP

Unit1Nevergivein,never,never,neverLanguagework1/811.Since使用方法HowlongisitsinceyoulivedinShanghai?離開（沒住在）上海多久了？ItishalfamonthsincehewasaLeaguemember.他退團（不妥團員）半個月了。It’sbeenquitesometimesinceIwaslastinLondon.我離開倫敦已很長時間了。

比較：HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.自從我病愈以來，他一再給我寫信。（從句謂語為狀態(tài)動詞）

HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIfellill.自從我生病以來，他就一再給我寫信。（從句謂語為終止性動詞）

2/81

Sincewehaveownedacar,wehavegonecampingeveryyear.

自從我們自己有了汽車，我們每年都去野營。

試比較：

1.SinceI’vebeenatthisschool,wehavehadthreeheadmasters.

自從我到這所學校，我們已換了三個校長了。

SinceIwasatthisschool,theyhavehadthreeheadmasters.

自從我離開這所學校，他們已換了三個校長了。

2.HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.

自從我生病以來，他從未來看過我。

HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.

自從我病愈以來，他從未來看過我。

3/81由此可見，since引導從句連續(xù)動詞普通過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時所表示意思恰好相反。換言之，前者以必定語法形式反應著否定邏輯內(nèi)容，而后者形式與內(nèi)容是一致。

至于Itis+一段時間+since…句型與Ithasbeen+一段時間+since…意思相同。前者是規(guī)范說法，后者是口語說法。

應注意是，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，since引導從句絕對不能用否定式謂語動詞來表示否定意義，下面兩句都錯了：

Itisalongtimesincehedidn’tstudyEnglish.

It’stwomonthssinceyoudidn’tcometoseeme.

正確說法為：

It’salongtimesincehestudiedEnglish他很久沒學英語了。

Youhaven’tcometoseemefortwomonths.你有兩個月沒來看我了。4/81atyourHeadMaster’skindinvitationat:

inresponsetoDetailedreading1–atyourHeadMaster’skindinvitation1e.g.Ameetingwasarrangedattheambassador’srequest.Atmysuggestion,Mrs.Careywrotetoherformeremployer.Collocations:atone’sinvitation/request/suggestion,etc.DetailedreadingTranslation:應胡錦濤主席之邀，美國總統(tǒng)將對中國進行國事訪問。AttheinvitationofPresidentHuJintao,PresidentoftheUnitedStateswillpayastatevisittoChina.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5/81catastrophic:

a.involvingorcausingsuddengreatdamageorsufferingDetailedreading1–catastrophicSynonym:disastrousDetailedreadingCollocations:catastrophicfloods/losses/effects/resultsDerivation:catastrophen.

6/811.adj.Somethingthatiscatastrophicinvolvesorcausesasuddenterribledisaster.災難性

Atidalwavecausedbytheearthquakehitthecoastcausingcatastrophicdamage.

地震引發(fā)海嘯攻擊了海岸，造成了災難性損失。

Thewatershortageinthiscountryispotentiallycatastrophic.該國水資源匱乏很可能是災難性。

2.adj.Ifyoudescribesomethingascatastrophic,youmeanthatitisverybadorunsuccessful.極糟;失敗

acatastrophicdepression;catastrophicillness7/81Detailedreading1--upsanddownsupsanddowns:

amixtureofgoodthingsandbadthingsn.沉浮；盛衰；高低e.g.Sittingbesidethewindow,herecalledtheupsanddownsofhisparenthood.DetailedreadingTranslation:從1999年建立以來，企業(yè)歷經(jīng)盛衰浮沉。Theorganizationhasexperienceditsupsanddownssinceitwasfoundedin1999.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8/81Detailedreading1--positionposition:

situationataparticulartimeSynonym:situationDetailedreadinge.g.Itistimethosecompaniesrevealedmoreabouttheirfinancialposition.Theirsoccerteamisgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionifnothingparticularshowsup.9/811.N-COUNTThepositionofsomeoneorsomethingistheplacewheretheyareinrelationtootherthings.位置

Theshipwasidentified,anditsnameandpositionwerereportedtotheCoastGuard.

該輪船身份已得到確認，其名稱和位置已匯報給了海岸警衛(wèi)隊。

2.N-COUNTWhensomeoneorsomethingisinaparticularposition,theyaresitting,lying,orarrangedinthatway.姿勢

Itiscrucialthattheupperbackandneckareheldinanerectpositiontogivesupportforthehead.

主要是：上背和頸部要挺直以支撐頭部，這一點很主要。

Mr.Dambarhadraisedhimselftoasittingposition.

丹巴先生已坐了起來。

10/813.V-TIfyoupositionsomethingsomewhere,youputittherecarefully,sothatitisintherightplaceorposition.小心放置

Positionthecursorwhereyouwantthenewmarginstobegin.

將光標放在你所要新頁邊空白開端。

4.N-COUNTYourpositioninsocietyistheroleandtheimportancethatyouhaveinit.(社會)地位

Adjustmenttotheirchangingroleandpositioninsocietycanbepainfulforsomeoldpeople.對有些老年人適應他們在社會中不停改變角色和地位可能是痛苦。

5.N-COUNTApositioninacompanyororganizationisajob.職位[正式]

HeleftacareerinteachingtotakeupapositionwiththeNEH.他放棄了教職，方便在國家人文基金會任職。

11/816.N-COUNTYourpositioninaraceorcompetitionishowwellyoudidinrelationtotheothercompetitorsorhowwellyouaredoing.(比賽、競賽中)名次

Bytheninthhourthecarwasrunningineighthposition.比賽進行到第9個小時時候該賽車跑在第8位。

7.N-COUNTYoucandescribeyoursituationataparticulartimebysayingthatyouareinaparticularposition.處境;情況

He'sgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionifthingsgobadlyforhim.他處境將非常困難，假如情況變糟話。

Companiesshouldbemadetorevealmoreabouttheirfinancialposition.應該要求各企業(yè)披露更多財務情況資料。12/81

8.N-COUNTYourposition

onaparticularmatterisyourattitudetowarditoryouropinionofit.態(tài)度;看法[正式]

Hecouldbedependedontotakeamoderatepositiononmostofthekeyissues.能夠相信，他會在大多數(shù)關鍵問題上持溫和態(tài)度。

9.N-SINGIfyouareinaposition

todosomething,youareabletodoit.Ifyouareinnoposition

todosomething,youareunabletodoit.(做某事)適當位置

Iamnotinapositiontocomment.我不便發(fā)表評論。

10.PHRASEIfsomeoneorsomethingisinposition,theyareintheircorrectorusualplaceorarrangement.在適當位置上

28,000U.S.troopsaremovingintoposition.2.8萬名美國士兵即將到位。13/81desperately:adv.絕望地，希望渺茫地;鋌而走險地，不顧一切地，拼命地

Thepresidentsayspeoplearedesperatelysearchingforwork,andthegovernmenthasanobligationtoconsidereveryadditionalresponsiblesteppossibletogetthemworkingagain.

Theyaretryingdesperatelytogetwaterintothatpooltoavoidanucleardisaster.

adj.desperate

不顧一切；令人絕望；極度渴望

n.desperation

絕望境地；不顧一切拼命14/81unmeasured/?n?m???d/

1.adj.measureless;limitless無限

adj.unmeasurable

不可測；無法計量15/81menace/?m?n?s/CET6TEM4(menacing,menaced,menaces)

1.N-COUNTIfyousaythatsomeoneorsomethingisamenacetootherpeopleorthings,youmeanthatpersonorthingislikelytocauseseriousharm.威脅

Inmyview,youareamenacetothepublic.

在我看來，你對公眾是一個威脅。

2.N-COUNTYoucanrefertosomeoneorsomethingasamenacewhenyouwanttosaythattheycauseyoutroubleorannoyance.煩人之人;煩人之物[非正式]

You'reamenacetomyprivacy,Kenton.你是個侵犯我隱私討厭人，肯頓。

16/813.N-UNCOUNTMenaceisaqualityoratmospherethatgivesyouthefeelingthatyouareindangerorthatsomeonewantstoharmyou.危險性;威脅性

Thereisapervadingsenseofmenace.有一個在蔓延危險感。

4.V-TIfyousaythatonethingmenacesanother,youmeanthatthefirstthingislikelytocausethesecondthingseriousharm.威脅

TheyseemdeterminedtomenacetheUnitedStatesanditsallies.他們好像決心要威脅美國及其盟國。

17/81Detailedreading2--throwingour

throwingourmindsbacktoourmeetingheretenmonthsago:

recollectingourmeetingatHarrowSchooltenmonthsagoe.g.Pleasethrowyourmindbackto1945,whenpeopleallovertheworldwereengagedinagreatwaragainsttheFascists.Detailedreading18/81deceptive/d??s?pt?v/CET6+TEM4

1.ADJIfsomethingisdeceptive,itencouragesyoutobelievesomethingwhichisnottrue.

騙人

Johnstonisn‘ttiredofLasVegasyet,itseems,butappearancescanbedeceptive.

似乎，約翰斯頓還沒有厭倦拉斯韋加斯，但表象可能是騙人。

2.deceptively

ADV騙人地

Thestorylineisdeceptivelysimple.

故事情節(jié)看似簡單。

n.deception

坑騙，欺詐；騙術

deceptiveness

虛偽；迷惑騙人

19/81Detailedreading3--meetwithmeetwith:

experience;undergoDetailedreadinge.g.Attemptstofindcivilianvolunteershavemetwithembarrassingfailure.EffortstoputtheRussianspaceprogrammeintomarkethavemetwithlittlesuccess.Shewasworriedthathemighthavemetwithanaccident.20/81triumph/?tra??mf/CET4

1.N-VARAtriumphisagreatsuccessorachievement,oftenonethathasbeengainedwithalotofskilloreffort.勝利;成就

Thechampionshipsprovedtobeapersonaltriumphforthecoach.那些冠軍稱號證實了教練戴夫·多諾萬個人成就。

2.N-UNCOUNTTriumphisafeelingofgreatsatisfactionandprideresultingfromasuccessorvictory.(成功或勝利)喜悅

Hersenseoftriumphwasshort-lived.她喜悅感覺是短暫。

3.V-IIfsomeoneorsomethingtriumphs,theygaincompletesuccess,control,orvictory,oftenafteralongordifficultstruggle.成功;獲勝

Allherlife,Kellyhadstuckwithdifficulttasksandchallenges,andtriumphed.凱利在一生中遭遇了種種艱巨任務與挑戰(zhàn)，但成功了。21/81impostor/?m?p?st?/alsoimposterTEM8

1.N-COUNTSomeonewhoisanimpostorisdishonestlypretendingtobesomeoneelseinordertogainanadvantage.

假冒者;冒名頂替者

Hewasanimposterwhomasqueradedasadoctor.

他是位冒牌醫(yī)生。22/81Detailedreading3--imagination

...imaginationmakesthingsoutfarworse...:

...whatoneimaginestendstobeworsethanreality...e.g.Howdoyoumakethatout(=whatareyourreasonsforthinkingthat)?[+wh-]Ican’tmakeoutwhatshewants.Detailedreadingmakeout:

seeorunderstand

Paraphrase:Ican’tmakeouthowtoputitback.

Idon’tknow/understandhowtoputitback.______________________________________23/81Detailedreading3--far-reachingfar-reaching:

TEM4

1.ADJIfyoudescribeactions,events,orchangesasfar-reaching,youmeanthattheyhaveaverygreatinfluenceandaffectagreatnumberofthings.影響深遠

Theeconomyisindangerofcollapseunlessfar-reachingreformsareimplemented.除非實施影響深遠改革，不然經(jīng)濟就有瓦解危險。e.g.Theconsequencesofthedecisionwillbefar-reaching.Theydecidedtocarryonfar-reachingconstitutionalreforms.Collocations:far-reachingconsequences/implications/changes/reformsDetailedreading24/81addressCET4TEM4

名詞讀作??dr?s或??dr?s。動詞讀作??dr?s。

1.N-COUNTYouraddressisthenumberofthehouseorapartmentandthenameofthestreetandthetownwhereyouliveorwork.地址

2.N-COUNTTheaddressofawebsiteisitslocationontheInternet,forexample,.網(wǎng)址[計算機]

Fulldetails,includingthewebsiteaddresstologonto,areatthebottomofthispage.包含要登陸網(wǎng)址完整信息在本頁下端。

25/813.V-TIfaletter,envelope,orparcelisaddressedtoyou,yournameandaddresshavebeenwrittenonit.寫(收信人)姓名地址[usupassive]

Applicationsshouldbeaddressedto:Thebusinessaffairseditor.申請信應該寄給商務編輯。

4.V-TIfyouaddressagroupofpeople,yougiveaspeechtothem.作演講

Heisduetoaddressaconferenceonhumanrightsnextweek.

他下周要在一個人權(quán)會議上講話。

5.N-COUNTAddressisalsoanoun.演講

HehadscheduledanaddresstotheAmericanpeoplefortheeveningofMay27.他已經(jīng)安排在5月27日晚向美國人民作一個演講。

26/81conviction:n.

CET4TEM4

Detailedreading5–convictione.g.Shewasmotivatedbydeepreligiousconvictions.Infaceofdifficulty,heheldaconvictionthatallwouldbewellintheend.Detailedreading(1)astrongopinionorbelief堅定信念[usuNthat](2)[U]thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsth.stronglyorofbeingsureaboutit堅信e.g.Hesaidheagreedbuthisvoicelackedconviction.Theleader’sspeechindefenseofthepolicydidn’tcarrymuchconviction."Weshall,sir,"saidThorne,withconviction.

索恩堅定地說：“先生，我們會”。Collocations:political/moralconvictions27/81nevergiveinorsurrendertotheseeminglystrongenemyneveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy_________________________________________________Detailedreading5–yieldDetailedreadingyield:v.yield(tosth./sb.):

(formalorliterary)giveupcontrol(of)e.g.Afteralongsiege圍攻，包圍,thetownwasforcedtoyield.Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.Ifthenewlyfoundedregimedoesnotyield,itshouldfacesufficientmilitaryforcetoensureitscertaindefeat.Iyieldedtotemptationandhadachocolatebar.Synonym:surrenderParaphrase:28/81overwhelming:1.ADJIfsomethingisoverwhelming,itaffectsyouverystrongly,andyoudonotknowhowtodealwithit.強悍而令人難以應正確

Thetaskwon'tfeelsooverwhelmingifyoubreakitdownintosmall,easy-to-accomplishsteps.假如你把這個任務分解成一個個輕易完成小步驟，就不會以為那么難以應對。

Theotherwomenallseemedoverwhelminglyconfident.其它女士們似乎都令人難以應對地自信。

2.ADJYoucanuseoverwhelmingtoemphasizethatanamountorquantityismuchgreaterthanotheramountsorquantities.(數(shù)量上)壓倒性[強調(diào)]

Theoverwhelmingmajorityofsmallbusinessesgobrokewithinthefirsttwenty-fourmonths.絕大多數(shù)小企業(yè)在最初24個月里破產(chǎn)。

Overwhelminglyadv.(數(shù)量上)壓倒性地

Thepeoplevotedoverwhelminglyforchange.人們以絕對多數(shù)投票贊成變革。29/81Detailedreading5–overwhelming

Theevidenceagainsthimwasoverwhelming.Shehadthealmostoverwhelmingdesiretotellhimthetruth.e.g.Detailedreadingoverwhelming:a.

verygreatinamountDerivation:overwhelm:v.defeatormakepowerless(usu.agroupofpeople)bymuchgreaterforceofnumbers;e.g.tooverwhelmtheopposingarmyTranslation:壓倒性大多數(shù)表決反對這個提議。Anoverwhelmingmajorityvotedagainsttheproposal._____________________________________________________________30/81liquidate/?l?kw??de?t/TEM8

1.V-TToliquidateacompanyistocloseitdownandsellallitsassets,usuallybecauseitisindebt.清算[商業(yè)]

Aunanimousvote(全票經(jīng)過)wastakentoliquidatethecompany.

投票一致經(jīng)過對這家企業(yè)進行清算。

liquidationN-VAR清算

Thecompanywentintoliquidation.這家企業(yè)進入了停業(yè)清理階段。

2.V-TIfacompanyliquidatesitsassets,itspropertysuchasbuildingsormachineryissoldinordertogetmoney.將資產(chǎn)換成現(xiàn)金[商業(yè)]

ThecompanycloseddownoperationsandbeganliquidatingitsassetsinJanuary.這家企業(yè)在1月份停頓運作，開始把其資產(chǎn)折換成現(xiàn)金。31/81flinch/fl?nt?/

1.V-IIfyouflinch,youmakeasmallsuddenmovement,especiallywhensomethingsurprisesyouorhurtsyou.畏縮[usuneg]

Leostaredbackathimwithoutflinching.利奧毫不畏縮地回瞪著他。

2.V-IIfyouflinch

fromsomethingunpleasant,youareunwillingtodoitorthinkaboutit,oryouavoiddoingit.退縮

Theworldcommunityshouldnotflinchinthefaceofthischallenge.該國際團體不應該在這一挑戰(zhàn)面前退縮。

3.Ntheactoraninstanceofdrawingback退縮32/81Detailedreading6–persevereDetailedreadingpersevere:v.

continueinacourseofactioneveninthefaceofdifficultyorwithlittleornoindicationofsuccessCollocations:persevere(insth./indoingsth.);persevere(withsth./sb.)Despiteanumberofsetbacks,theyperseveredintheirattemptstoflyaroundtheworldinaballoon.Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons.e.g.Derivations:perseveringa.;perseverancen.33/81adj.persistent

固執(zhí)，堅持；持久穩(wěn)固

persevering

堅忍；不屈不撓

adv.persistently

堅持地；固執(zhí)地

perseveringly

堅定地

n.perseverance

堅持不懈；不屈不撓

persistence

連續(xù)；固執(zhí)；存留

perseveration

連續(xù)言語（指言語重復不止病態(tài)）；連續(xù)重復行為；執(zhí)拗34/81Detailedreading7–compliment1compliment:v.politelycongratulateorpraise(sb.)forsth.e.g.ShecomplimentedhimonhisexcellentGerman.DetailedreadingCollocation:complimentsb.(onsth.)

Thesewordshavesimilarspellingsbutcompletelydifferentmeanings.Ifyoucomplimentsomeone,yousaysomethingverynicetothem.Ifonethingcomplementsanother,thetwothingsworkorlookbetterbecausetheyaretogether.Comparison:compliment&complement35/81Detailedreading7–compliment2A.Thedifferentflavorseachotherperfectly.B.ShemeonmyEnglish.

complement______________Detailedreadingcomplimented________________Blankfilling:36/81stern/st??n/CET6TEM4

1.ADJSternwordsoractionsareverysevere.(話語或行為)嚴厲

Mr.Monroeissuedasternwarningtothosewhopersistinviolence.門羅先生向那些頑守暴力之徒發(fā)出嚴厲警告。

sternlyADV嚴厲地

"Wewilltakethenecessarysteps,"shesaidsternly.

“我們將采取必要辦法，”她嚴厲地說道。

2.ADJSomeonewhoissternisveryseriousandstrict.苛刻

Herfatherwassternandhardtoplease.她父親苛刻，不易討好。

3.Ntherearorafterpartofavessel,oppositetheboworstem船尾;艉37/81Detailedreading8–venturetodosthCollocations:venturesth.;venturetodosth.;venture+speech;venturethat…Detailedreadingventuretodosth.:

bebraveenoughtosaysth.e.g.Shehardlydaredtoventureanopinion.Shewouldneverventuretoaskforaraise.“AndifIsayno?”sheventured.Translation:我小心翼翼地說她可能犯了個錯誤。Iventuredtosuggestthatshemighthavemadeamistake.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________38/81Detailedreading1–…youarebeginning……youarebeginningtofeelimpatientthattherehasbeenthislonglull…(Paragraph1)Paraphrase:Youarebeginningtobeanxiousbecausetherehasbeennoprogressofthewarinsuchalongquietperiod.Detailedreading39/81Detailedreading3–…appearances……appearancesareoftenverydeceptive…(Paragraph3)Paraphrase:Surfacephenomenatendtobemisleading.Detailedreading40/81Detailedreading3–