研究生英語綜合教程下unit8省公開課金獎(jiǎng)全國(guó)賽課一等獎(jiǎng)微課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

高等院校碩士英語系列教材綜合教程（下）INTEGRATEDCOURSE1/992Unit3

LeisureActivity

2/99

Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProject3/99Task1Watchthefollowingvideocarefully

tolearnhowglobalwarmingisthreateningthetraditionalwayoflifeontheChesapeakeBay'sSmithIslandasitswaterlevelrisesanditsbluecrabstocksdwindle

andcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.StartingoutClickthepictureforvideo4/99SmithIsland

SmithIslandisalonelyoutpost,12milesoutinthelowerChesapeakeBay.Theshallowgrassywatersaroundtheclusterofislandsthat_________SmithIslandaresomeofthebestbluecrabhabitatintheBay.Formorethan300yearsthepeopleherehave________

nature’shardships.But,increasingly,theysensethatamore___________futureliesahead.Thewatermenarebringinginsmallercatches,andprofits______________.compriseenduredprecariousfallingdown5/99Thepopulationhasdroppedfrommorethan800toabout300overthelast100years,andSmithIslandis______________.MostoftheIslandisonly1footabovesealevel.Thehigherareaswherethepeoplelivearejust2-4feetabovethewater.CoastalecologistssaytheChesapeakeBayhasrisenbymorethanahalffootoverthepastcenturyand___________________________.

losingitslandcontinuestoswallowtheland6/99

CrumblingwoodencrabshacksandbatteredbulwarksaretestimonytotheIsland’s____________tothesea.TohelptheIslanders’beatbackthebay,thearmycallofengineerslaunchedaplanto_______newbulkheadsandstonebreakwatersaroundTanleten,partofamulti-million-dollarplanto_______________

__________________________________.vulnerabilityinstall

persuadepeopletostayslowerosionand7/99

_________________________________________

__________“Ifahurricanecategory4comesupandactuallyhitsthisIsland,Ithinkitcouldbeflattened.Itprobablyisthecasethatoverthenextcenturyif_______________________________________,weprobablywillhaveafewhigherspots,butnotmuchmore.”Mostpeoplehopethattheneweffortstostemerosioncanatleastdelaytheinevitablesothatoneortwomoregenerationscan____________hereattheedgeofthesea.Despitethisproject,SmithIslandmayberunningoutoftime.

wecan'tgetcontrolofthegreenhousegasesmakealiving8/99Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions:1.What’stherelationshipbetweenmanandnature?2.Manyspeciesofwildlifearereportedtohavebecomeextinctortobeonthevergeofextinction.Whatdoyouthinkcausesthisproblem?3.Inyouropinion,whatmeasuresshouldbetakentopreservethebiodiversityofwildlife?

Startingout—Task29/99Usefulwordsandexpressions:interrelated/inseparable/interdependent/interactiveprotect/benefit/hamonydestruct/disaster/takerevengeon

globalwarming/greenhouseeffectearthquake/flood/sandstormStartingout—Task21.What’stherelationshipbetweenmanandnature?10/992.Manyspeciesofwildlifearereportedtohavebecomeextinctortobeonthevergeofextinction.Whatdoyouthinkcausesthisproblem?Sample:—PhysicalAlterationofHabitat—CommercialHuntingandHarvesting—TheIntroductionofForeignSpecies—PestandPredatorControl

11/99—TheCollectionofAnimalsandPlantsforHumanEnjoyment,Research,andOtherpurposes—Pollution—BiologicalFactorsthatContributetoExtinction—TheLossofKeystoneSpecies—AMultiplicityofFactors

Manyfactorsactingtogethercontributetothelossofbiodiversity.Thesefactorsmaysynergizetoproducealevelofdevastationfargreaterthananticipated.12/99Open-ended.Startingout—Task23.Inyouropinion,whatmeasuresshouldbetakentopreservethebiodiversityofwildlife?

13/99ThinkingLikeaMountainReadingFocus14/99

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation115/99Abouttheauthor:AldoLeopold

(1887–1948)iswidelyacknowledgedastheinitiatorofmodernwildlife

conservationintheUnitedStates.BackgroundInformation16/99HewasaprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsinandisbestknownforhisbookASandCountyAlmanac

《沙郡年記》,fromwhichthistextisextracted,

andsoldoveramillioncopies.TheessaysarestoriesofLeopold’sobservationsof

naturearoundhim,thepassingofseasons,andofwildlife,basedonthebeliefthateveryliving

thinghasanicheintheecosystem.17/99ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding(Paras.1-4)PartI(Paras1-3)Everylivingthingpaysheedtothewolf’sbawl.PartII(Paras4-6)Theauthor'sexperienceofkillingawolf.PartIII(Paras7-9)Thechainconsequenceofkillingwolfsandcows.PartIV(Para10)Thelong-termrelationshipbetweennatureandhumans.18/99PartIEverylivingthingpaysheedtothewolf’sbawl

A.Differentinterpretationsofthemeaningofthewolfcall.ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandinga.Tothedeer,itisareminderofthewayofallflesh.b.Tothepine,aforecastofmidnightscufflesandofblooduponthesnow.c.Tothecoyote,apromiseofgleaningstocome.d.Tothecowman,athreatofredinkatthebank.e.Tothehunter,achallengeoffangagainstbullet.f.Tothemountain,itisasignofpossibledanger.Supportingevidence:

19/99a.Thesoundofwolvesbynight.b.Thesightofwolftracksbyday.c.Themidnightwhinnyofapackhorse.d.Therattleofrollingrocks.e.Theboundofafleeingdeer.f.Thewayshadowslieunderthespruces.B.Tracesofwolves’existence.Supportingevidence:

20/99PartIITheauthor’s

experienceofkillinga

wolfReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingA.Whendidtheauthorseethewolves?B.Howdidtheauthorkillthewolves?C.Whydidtheauthorkillthewolves?Whenheandhisfellowswereeatinglunchonahighrimrock.Theyshotatthewolveswiththeirrifles.Theyshotatthewolvesfortworeasons:Firstly,sincetheauthorwasyoungandtriggerhappy,hewassoexcitedtobeabletoshootananimal;secondly,hethoughtfewerwolvesmeansmoredeer,whichmeanshunters'paradise.21/99a.Fewerwolvesleadtomoredeer.b.Moredeerleadtofewerbushes,seedlings,trees,andinternalkilling.c.Fewerbushes,seedlingsandtreesleadtodamageoftheaffectedrangeandanaturaldisasterforhumanlife.ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingPartIIIThechain

consequenceofkillingwolfsandcowsArguments:22/99Conclusion:

Toomuchsafetyseemstoyieldonlydangerinthelongrun.PartIVThelong-termrelationshipbetweennatureandhumanReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding23/99Task2Workingroupstodecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassage.(P228)Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10TFFFTFFTTTReadingFocus

–DetailedInformation24/99CriticalThinkingReadingFocus25/99Worktogetherwithyourpartnertoanswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyou’vejustread.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking1.Inthetext,theauthordeclares:“Onlythemountainhaslivedlongenoughtolisten

objectivelytothehowlofawolf.”Whatdoesthemountainthinkofthehowlofa

wolf?Whydoestheauthorthinkonlythemountaincanlistenobjectivelytothehowl?26/992.Theauthorsaysinthelastparagraph,“toomuchsafetyseemstoyieldonlydangerinthelongrun”—canyoufindanequivalentChinesesaying?Doyouagreewith

thisopinion?Ifyouagree,supplyexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Ifyoudon’t,

explainthereasons.AnequivalentChinesesaying“生于憂患，死于安樂”.27/99Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking1.Whyshouldwepreservebiodiversity?Whatbenefitscanitbringabouttohuman

beings?2.Doyouthinkitpossibletostrikeabalancebetweenecologicalsustainabilityand

thedevelopmentalneedsofpeople?28/99Itisanoutburstofwilddefiantsorrow,andof

contemptforalltheadversitiesoftheworld.(Para.1)outburst;burst;outbreakA.

Therehasbeenanotherangry_________againstthenewlocaltaxintroducedtoday.B.Terrikeeps_______intotearsfornoreason.C.A(n)_________offoodpoisoningledtothedeathsoffivepeople.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

outburstburstingoutbreak29/99defiant

adj.refusingtodowhatisaskedbecauseonedoesnotagree公然違抗;反抗;挑釁

e.g.

________________________,theysangarevolutionarysongastheywereledawaytoprison.

他們被帶走投入監(jiān)獄時(shí),仍以最終反抗姿態(tài)唱起了一支革命歌曲。Withalastdefiantgesture30/992.Everylivingthing(andperhapsmanyadeadoneaswell)paysheedtothatcall.(Para.2)payheedto:topayattentiontosth.,especiallysth.someonesays,andseriouslyconsiderit注意某事；慎重考慮某事e.g.Agoodleadershouldalwayspayheedtothe

voiceofthemasses.

一位好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該經(jīng)常注意傾聽群眾呼聲。

翻譯：大山中全部生物（可能也包含許多死去生物）都側(cè)耳傾聽這聲號(hào)叫。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

31/993.Thoseunabletodecipherthehiddenmeaningknowneverthelessthatitisthere,forit

isfeltinallwolfcountry,anddistinguishesthatcountryfromallotherland.(Para.3)

decipher

v.tofindthemeaningof

somethingthatisdifficulttoreadorunderstand識(shí)別；解釋；破譯(密碼)

e.g.有誰能識(shí)別他字跡嗎？Cananyonedecipherhishandwriting?

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

32/994.Wewereeating

lunchonahighrimrock,atthefootofwhichaturbulentriverelbowed

itsway.(Para.4)

Personification(擬人)isusedtoshowhowtheriverflowedandturnedroundsofast,asifitwerea

personstrugglingforawayforward.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

33/995.We

sawwhatwethoughtwasadoefordingthetorrent,herbreastawashinwhitewater.(Para.4)

awash:adj.

coveredwithwateror

anotherliquid

被水或其它液體漫過be~with

Thiscity______________drugs.這座城市毒品泛濫。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

isawashwith

34/996.Inthosedayswehadnever

heardofpassingupachanceto

killawolf.(Para.5)

pass

up:togiveup,refuse放過，放棄，拒絕e.g.Neverpassupachancetolearn.

永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。Paraphrase:Inthosedayswewouldsurelykillawolfaslongaswefindone.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

35/99SincethenIhavelivedtoseestateafterstateextirpateitswolves.Ihavewatchedthe

faceofmanyanewlywolflessmountain,andseenthesouth-facingslopeswrinklewith

amazeofnewdeertrails.Ihaveseeneveryediblebushandseedlingbrowsed,first

toanemicdesuetude,andthentodeath.Ihaveseeneveryedibletreedefoliatedto

theheightofasaddlehorn.

(Para.7)

Parallelstructureisusedheretoemphasizetheseriouschainconsequenceofwolfkilling.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

36/998.SincethenIhavelivedtoseestateafterstateextirpateitswolves.(Para.8)

extirpate

(v.)

tocompletelydestroy

somethingthatisunpleasantorunwanted毀滅，根除

e.g.Thefarmersextirpatedweedsfromthefield.農(nóng)民們除去了田中野草。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

37/999.Inwildnessisthesalvationoftheworld.(Para.9)

Thissentenceisputininvertedorder.Paraphrase:Youcanlearnhowtosavetheworldinthewayhowthenaturegoes.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

38/99Key1-2-3-4-5-

6-7-8-9-10

Task1Choosetheanswerclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.

(P230)BDABADDAReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

AC39/99Task21.outburst

burst

outbreakA.Therehasbeen

anotherangry__________againstthenewlocaltaxintroducedtoday.B.Terrikeeps___________intotearsfornoreason.C.A(n)__________offoodpoisoningledtothedeathsoffivepeople.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromeachgroup.Changetheformifnecessary.Somewordsmaybeusedmorethanonce.(P231)outburstburstingReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

outbreak40/992.adversity

adverse

adviseA.Despitethe___________conditions,theroadwasfinishedinjusteightmonths.B.Theycontinuetofightinthefaceof___________.C.Itwashisdoctorwho_________thathechangehisjob.3.distinguish

distinguished

distinctA.Thereissomethingaboutmusicthat_____________itfromallotherartforms.B.NowthatTonywasnolongerpresent,therewasa__________changeinherattitude.C.Hisgrandfatherhadbeena_______________professorattheUniversity.adversedistinguishesdistinguisheddistinctReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

adversityadvised41/994.sight

view

outlook

visionA.Iusemysenseofsoundmuchmorethanmysenseof__________.B.Doyouhavea(n)_______aboutwhatweshoulddonow?C.The_________oftheeconomyisstilluncertain.D.Maybeyouhad__________ofbeingsurroundedbyhappy,smilingchildren.5.implicit

underlying

impliedA.Hehasa(n)_________beliefinthegoodnessofpeople.B.Ifeelthereissome_________________criticismaboutthegiftyouhavechosen.C.Topreventaproblemyouhavetounderstandits____________causes.

sight/vision

viewimplicitReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

outlook

visions

implicit/impliedunderlying42/996.awash

wash

washingA.Youaregoingtohaveyourdinner,get________,andgotobed.B.Theroadswere_________withmudandrainwater.C.Mymotheralwaysdidthe___________onMondays.7.spring

jump

leapA.He_______________tohisfeet,andgrabbedhiskeysoffthecoffeetable.B.Tothenortharethehot__________ofBanyasdeSantLoan.C.Thinktwicebeforeyou_________.D.Thenumberofcrimes__________by10%lastyear.washedsprang/jumped

springsReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

awashwashingleapjumped43/998.track

trail

trace(n.&v.)A.Helefta________ofmuddyfootprints.B.Hewasfollowingabroad____________throughthetrees.C.Ican’t__________thefileyouwantondiskC.D.Aftergraduationwefinditdifficulttokeep________ofouroldfriends.E.Theintruderswerecarefulnottoleaveany______behindthem.trailtrack

traceReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

trail/tracktrace44/999.sense(n.&v.)

sensible

sensational

sensitiveA.Sheprobably____________thatIwasn’ttellingherthewholestory.B.Thisseemstobea____________wayofdealingwiththeproblem.C.Winninganawardwouldgivemeagreat_____________ofachievement.D.Caroltakeshisworkseriouslyandis_____________tocriticism.E.Expertsagreedthatitwasatruly_____________performance.sensedsensitive

sensationalReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

sensiblesense45/9910.prosperity

prospect

prosperous

prophecyA.Witheconomicexpansioncomesthepromiseofamore____________future.B.Wehopethatthe21stcenturybringspeace,happinessand_____________,withuslearningto

respectourdifferencesratherthanfightaboutthem.C.The_____________foremploymentinthe

technologysectorareespeciallygoodrightnow.D.His___________thatshewouldonedaybeastarcametrue.prosperousprophecy

ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

prosperity

prospects46/99Task3Completethefollowingextractwithinformationfromthetext.(P232)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Awolfgivesoutadeepchestybawlinthevalleyonenight.It1)________fromrimockto

rimrock.Everylivingthing2)_____________thecall.Althoughithasdifferent3)________meanings

todifferentanimals,itisonlythemountainsthatcanlisten4)___________tothecall,becauseithas

livedlongenough.Thosewhocan’t5)__________thehiddenmeaningofthehowlcanstillsense

thewolves’6)________throughtheirtracks,sightsorsounds.Whateverthefactis,Ibelievethat

themountainshaveasecretopinionaboutthewolves.echoespays

heed

tohidden

objectivelydecipherpresence47/99

This7)_________onthisscoredatesfromthedaywhenIwitnessedawolfdie.Wethought

wesawadoewhenwewereeatinglunchonahighrimrock.Whenwerealizedthatitwasawolf

andtherewerestillahalfdozenothers,we8)_______atthemoutofexcitementandtriggeritch.Atthattime,IthoughtIhelpedthehunters,9)________,whenIsawthegreenfiredieinthe

wolf’seyes,IfoundImightbewrong.convictionshothowever48/99

Sinethen,Ihaveseenthe10)________ofwolvesstateafterstate,whicheventuallyleadto

nearly11)______mountains.Thesameistruetocowmenwhohaveto12)____theherdtofittherange.Allcreaturesinthevalley13)_______________eachother,andtheyshouldbekeptin

balance.Ifonelinkbreaksdown,itmightcausedramaticchangetoothers.Weall14)_______forsafety,prosperity,comfort,longlife,anddullness,buttoomuchsafetyseemsto15)______onlydangerinthelongrun.

slaughterbaretrim

are

connected

tostriveyield49/99TheSeaandtheWindThatBlowsReadingMore50/99ReadingMore

DetailedInformation

CriticalThinking

LanguagePoints

VocabularyinAction1

2

3

4

51/99Task1

Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.(P237)Key:2)3)4)5)6)7)8)DBBDACDDReadingMore—DetailedInformation52/99CriticalThinkingReadingMore53/99StepOneWorktogetherwithyourpartnerto

answerthefollowingquestionsbased

onthetextyou’vejustread.1.“Later,IfoundthatwhatIhadfearedandhated,I

nowfearand

love.”Haveyouhadthiskindof

experience?Whatleadstosuch

dramaticchange?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking2.Accordingtotheauthor,“Iamtorn

betweenpastandpresent,acommon

diseaseoflaterlife”—doyouthink

manyolderpeopletendtohave

thiskindofproblem?Whywas

theauthortornbetweenpastand

present?54/99StepTwo:

Discussingroupsthefollowing

question.

Whatistherelationshipbetween

humanandnature?

Howdothey

interactwitheachother?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking55/991.Ifithappenstobeanauxiliary

cruisingboat,itiswithoutquestionthemostcompactandingeniousarrangementfor

livingeverdevisedbytherestlessmindofman...(Para.1)

happento:

usedtotellsbsth,especiallywhenyouaredisagreeingwiththemorannoyedbywhattheyhavesaid

e.g.

Thathappenstobemymotheryouare

talkingabout!occurtosb:tocomeintoyourmind

e.g.

Theideaoccurredtohiminadream.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

56/99withoutquestion:withoutdoubt,definitelyoutofthequestion:impossibleornotallowedandthereforenotworthdiscussion翻譯：假如它恰好是一艘?guī)Х珯C(jī)動(dòng)游艇，那它無疑是人類活躍不止大腦所能構(gòu)想出最小巧最精巧生活設(shè)施。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

57/992.Here

thesprawlingpanoplyofTheHomeiscompressedinorderlyminiatureandliquid

delirium,suspendedbetweenthebottomoftheseaandthetopofthesky,readyto

moveoninthemorningbythemiracleofcanvasandthewitchcraftofrope.(Para.2)

"TheHome"referstothehomeinthetraditionalconceptwhichisstuffedwithallthenecessatiesfordailylife.

compress:

topresssomethingormakeitsmallersothatittakesuplessspace,ortobecomesmaller:e.g.Herlipscompressedintoathinline.她雙唇抿成了一條縫。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

58/99compress,impress,express1.Themainargumentswere__________intoonechapter.2.He____________herwithhissincerity.3.He___________himselffullyinherpaintings.compressedexpressedimpresses59/99suspend:1)(besuspendedinsth)(technical術(shù)語)tofloatinliquidorairwithoutmoving

e.g.

Smalldropletsareheldsuspendedinthe

amosphere.小水珠懸浮在大氣中。2）~sth/sb(fromsth)tohangsthfromsthelse

e.g.

一盞吊燈選在天花板上。

Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.3)active,used,etc.fore.g.在進(jìn)行安全檢驗(yàn)期間生產(chǎn)暫時(shí)停頓。Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.60/99翻譯：在這里，家中散亂龐雜全套配置都被收進(jìn)了井然有序微小模型和流動(dòng)夢(mèng)幻之中，懸浮在海底與天穹之間，準(zhǔn)備著在清晨借著帆奇跡和繩魔法啟航。2.Here

thesprawlingpanoplyofTheHomeiscompressedinorderlyminiatureandliquid

delirium,suspendedbetweenthebottomoftheseaandthetopofthesky,readyto

moveoninthemorningbythemiracleofcanvasandthewitchcraftofrope.(Para.2)

61/993.Alongwithmydreamofboatshasgonetheownershipofboats,alongsuccessionofthemuponthesurfaceofthesea,manyof

themmakeshiftandcrank.(Para.3)

succession1)anumberofpeopleorthingsthatfolloweachotherintimeororder;aseries

e.g.

asuccessionofevents/problems/visitors

2)theactoftakingoveranofficialpositionortitle

e.g.

HebecamechairmaninsuccessiontoBernardAllen.他接替伯納德艾倫任主席。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

62/99“alongsuccessionofthemuponthesurfaceofthesea”是“boat”同位語?！皍ponthesurfaceofthesea”meanstheseboatsarejustfortemporaryuse.翻譯：伴伴隨我帆船夢(mèng)，我擁有過一艘又一艘海船。其中有不少只是暫時(shí)替換品，比較輕易傾覆。

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

63/994.Itjigglesme

up,thewinddoes,andwhatIreallylovearewindlessdays,whenallispeace.(Para.3)

jiggle:tomoveormakesomethingmovefromsidetosidewithshortquick

movementse.g.他站在那兒，手里轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)著汽車鑰匙。Hestoodjigglinghiscarkeysinhishand.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

64/995.Thisisanintellectualresponse—theoldyearningisstillinme,belongingtothepast,toyouth,andsoIamtornbetweenpastandpresent…(Para.4)

Paraphrase:Itisveryrationaltothinkthisway:Ifeelmiserableaboutthecontradictionbetweenmylongingtosailandfearofthewind,whichisnecessaryforsailing,andcannotmakeanydecision.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

65/996.Therewillliethesloop,therewillblowthewind,oncemoreIwillgetunderway.(Para.6)

getunderway:starthappeninge.g.我要等到比賽正式開始。I’llwaittillthecampaigngetsunderway

properly.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

66/997.Andwiththetillerinmyhand,I’ll

feelagainthewindimpartinglifetoaboat,willsmellagain

theoldmenace,theonethatimpartslifetome:(Para.6)

impart:~sth(tosb)topassinformation,knowlege,etc.tootherpeople

toimpartfacts/news/skills披露事實(shí)，消息，傳授技藝

Shehadinformationthatshecouldn'twaittoimpart.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

67/99TaskKeys:1.A.promise(n.)B.promised(v.)C.promise(n.)2.A.succeeded(v.)B.succession(n.)C.succeed(v.)3.A.compact(adj.)B.compact(adj)C.compactness(n.)4.A.stable(adj.)B.stable(n.)C.stability(n.)5.A.nerves(n.)B.nerved(v.)C.nerve(n.)Fillineachblankwithanappropriateformofthewordgiven,andidentifyitsmeaning.(P240)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

68/996.A.encounter(v.)B.encounter(n.)C.encounter(n.)7.A.repelled(v.)B.repellent(adj.)C.repelled(adj.)8.A.compulsive(adj.)B.compulsion(n.)

C.compulsory(adj.)9.A.alcoholic(n.)B.alcohol(n.)C.alcoholic(adj.)10.A.instruction(n.)B.instructing(adj.)

C.instructions(n.)69/99Key1-

2-

3-

4-

Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhichoftheitalicizedwordsfitseachofthesentencesbest.

(P241)obsessed

stationarycluerestlessReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Task25-6-

7-

8-

9-10-intellectualcompressedraisingremovedsuccessiondispel70/99PracticalTranslation71/99

科技英語是用來陳說自然界、科技界所發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)事情，描述其規(guī)律、特點(diǎn)、過程等語言，多采取客觀性描述方式，要求概念準(zhǔn)確、判斷嚴(yán)密、推理周密、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。它在詞法、語法、句法和修辭角度上都表達(dá)出自己特點(diǎn):科技英語翻譯72/99在詞法上，科技英語強(qiáng)調(diào)語言簡(jiǎn)練和專業(yè)性，大量使用復(fù)合詞、縮略語和屬于某一專業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)化詞匯。1)Spacetechnologyshouldbecombinedwithcivilianlifetodevelopvarioushigh-tech

products.譯文：要將航天技術(shù)與民用生活相結(jié)合，開發(fā)出各種高科技含量產(chǎn)品。2)DNAhasadoublehelixstructure,whichwasdiscoveredbyFrancisCrickandJames

WatsonintheCavendishlabatCambridgein1953.譯文：DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)是由弗朗西斯·克里克和詹姆斯·沃森于1953年在劍橋卡文迪許試驗(yàn)室里發(fā)覺。73/99解析：例1)中，原語為了語言簡(jiǎn)練，high-technological縮略成了high-tech。在目口號(hào)中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)，原文被動(dòng)句譯成了漢語無主句，符合漢語句式特點(diǎn)。例2)中，DNA是專業(yè)詞匯，lab是laboratory縮略語，為了讓目標(biāo)讀者看懂，在譯文中，DNA要譯出完整意思，而且被動(dòng)句譯成了漢語主動(dòng)句，使行文更流暢。74/992.從語法方面看，名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（nominalization）、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)用得較多；使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)和普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)是因?yàn)榭萍嘉捏w要求行文簡(jiǎn)練、表示客觀、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大，強(qiáng)調(diào)已存在事實(shí)，而非某一行為。利用被動(dòng)語態(tài)是因?yàn)榭萍嘉恼聜?cè)重?cái)⑹峦评?，?qiáng)調(diào)客觀準(zhǔn)確性。第一、二人稱使用過多，會(huì)造成主觀臆斷印象，所以盡可能使用第三人稱敘述，采取被動(dòng)語態(tài)。75/993)Thegreatestsourceofworryatthemomentisthedisposalofradioactivewastes.Untilnow

thesewasteshavebeenpackedincontainersandburiedinremoteareasordumpedinthe

ocean．譯文：現(xiàn)在最令人擔(dān)心問題是放射性廢物處理，到當(dāng)前為止，這些廢物是用容器裝好，埋在邊遠(yuǎn)地域或沉入海里。4)Thebloodsugarlevelrepresentsabalancebetweentheamountofcarbohydrateingested

orformedfromproteinandlipid,ontheotherhand,andthestorageorutilizationof

carbohydrate,ontheother.譯文：攝入或由蛋白質(zhì)及脂肪轉(zhuǎn)化來糖類與體內(nèi)糖類貯存或利用這二者之間數(shù)量平衡，便是血糖水平標(biāo)志。76/99

解析：例3)和例4)兩個(gè)句子都符合科技英語語法特點(diǎn)。為了表示客觀、內(nèi)容確切，兩個(gè)句子都用了一些名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯，如例3)sourceofworry,disposal，例4)balance,storage,utilization。為了防止造成主觀推理和臆斷，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)，兩個(gè)句子都采取了普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。而科技漢語最顯著特點(diǎn)是多用無主句，語言平實(shí)，多采取客觀性描述方法，所以例3)譯文采取了直譯翻譯方法，翻譯出了原文內(nèi)容，語言平實(shí)、客觀。例4)譯文中，為了符合漢語習(xí)慣，被動(dòng)語態(tài)處理成漢語無主句，而且英語句子多采取重心前置式，但漢語句子應(yīng)采取重心后置式，所以在譯文中，把“血糖水平標(biāo)志”放在句子最終，從前面分析出發(fā)，最終形成一個(gè)結(jié)論，句子結(jié)構(gòu)銜接、連貫、合理。77/993.在句法上，科技英語使用大量長(zhǎng)句和復(fù)雜句，修飾、限定及附加成份多；重視銜接和連貫，重視邏輯嚴(yán)密，以到達(dá)句子連貫、行文流暢目標(biāo)。78/995)Wedono