中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)-專題01 名詞冠詞代詞 介詞（講練）（含答案與解析）

專題01名詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞第一部分：名詞名詞屬于十大詞類中的一種，主要包括普通名詞和專有名詞兩種?？v觀近幾年中考對(duì)于名詞的考查，主要以選擇題和填空題為主，考查內(nèi)容以詞義理解、名詞所有格及詞形轉(zhuǎn)換居多。在備考2024年中考時(shí)，注意掌握名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則，掌握不可數(shù)名詞向可數(shù)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化的規(guī)律，名詞所有格的用法，名詞的句法功能等，并做到靈活運(yùn)用，以便提高綜合運(yùn)用能力。中考考點(diǎn)分布：一、名詞詞義辨析（重點(diǎn)）；二、名詞的數(shù)；三、名詞所有格?？键c(diǎn)一名詞詞義辨析（2023·江蘇徐州）Ofallthe________,Ilovesummerbest.A．seasons B．subjects C．colours D．hobbies【答案】A【詳解】句意：在所有的季節(jié)中，我最喜歡夏季?？疾槊~辨析。seasons季節(jié)；subjects科目；colours顏色；hobbies愛(ài)好。根據(jù)“Ilovesummerbest.”可知，此處指在所有季節(jié)中最喜歡夏季。故選A。中考高頻易混易錯(cuò)名詞梳理1.accident和event詞條含義用法accident意外的事件特指不幸的意外事故event重大事件一般指比較重要、引人注意的事件2.bank,beach,coast和seaside詞條含義用法bank河岸多指江河和溪流邊的陸地beach海灘指海水退潮后露出的部分，較為平坦，適合游泳和日光浴coast海岸線指沿海狹長(zhǎng)的陸地，強(qiáng)調(diào)從水面著眼說(shuō)明它與陸地相銜接seaside海邊指人們前往度假的沿海地區(qū)，與beach接近，但范圍比較大3.weather和climate詞條含義用法weather天氣指某一時(shí)間內(nèi)的天氣情況，涉及范圍較小，持續(xù)時(shí)間較短climate氣候指某一地域相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的天氣狀況，涉及范圍較大，持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)4.trip,travel和journey詞條含義用法trip旅行通常指往返定時(shí)的短途旅行（在比較通俗的用法中，常代替journey表示長(zhǎng)途旅行）travel旅行，旅游多指長(zhǎng)期或長(zhǎng)途的觀光旅行，有到各地游歷的意味。它表示具體的旅行時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，常被用來(lái)泛指旅游這一行為journey旅行一般指長(zhǎng)途旅行，常蘊(yùn)含辛苦的意味5.amount和number詞條用法例句amountof后接不可數(shù)名詞amountofmoneyanumberof后接可數(shù)名詞anumberofstudents6.cause和reason詞條用法例句cause指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsthamountofmoneyreason用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate7.problem和question詞條用法problem常和困難聯(lián)系，前面的動(dòng)詞常為thinkabout,solve,raisequestion常和疑問(wèn)聯(lián)系，多和ask,answer連用8.trip,journey,travel和voyage詞條用法trip指短期的具有特定目的的旅行journey指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途travel是最常用的，指旅行或普通出行voyage指海上航行9.sport和game詞條用法sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則考點(diǎn)二名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞及其單、復(fù)數(shù)（2023·湖南岳陽(yáng)）Yueyangisoneofthetop10mostbeautiful________inChinathisyear.A．city B．cities C．citys【答案】B【詳解】句意：岳陽(yáng)是今年中國(guó)十大最美麗的城市之一?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。oneof+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“……中最……之一”，固定句型，可排除A選項(xiàng)；city的復(fù)數(shù)形式為cities。故選B。1）可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化示例大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-sletter→letters,cat→cats,boy→boys,desk→desks②以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-esclass→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i，再加-eshobby→hobbies,city→cities,country→countries④以o結(jié)尾的名詞，大多數(shù)加-s，少數(shù)加-es加-s:radio→radios,zoo→zoos,photo→photos,piano→pianos加-es:hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes⑤部分以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f或fe為v，再加-esknife→knives,half→halves用順口溜記住常見(jiàn)的把f或fe改為v加-es的單詞：樹(shù)葉半數(shù)自己黃，妻子拿刀去割糧，架后竄出一只狼，就像盜賊逃命忙。leaf樹(shù)葉half一半self自己wife妻子knife小刀Shelf架子wolf狼thief賊life生命注意：可數(shù)名詞可與不定冠詞a/an連用，有復(fù)數(shù)形式。普通名詞中個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞一般是可數(shù)名詞。2）可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化示例①變化元音字母構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)foot→feet,goose→geese,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women②單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheep,deer,fish（注意：fish指魚(yú)的數(shù)量時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形；指魚(yú)的種類時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)是fishes）③特殊變化child→children,mouse→mice,ox→oxen3）其他情況：①“某國(guó)人”變復(fù)數(shù)口訣：中日不變英法變，其余-s加后面。如：中日不變：Chinese,Japanese英法變：Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen其余-s加后面：Germans,Americans,Australians,Indians②由兩個(gè)名詞組成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，一般將最后一個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如：agirlstudent→twogirlstudents,astorybook→tenstorybooks復(fù)合詞中第一個(gè)詞是man或woman時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：amanworker→threemenworkers,awomandoctor→sixwomendoctors③只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞：trousers,clothes,police,people,cattle（牛；家畜）④集體名詞family,team,class,couple,group等視為整體時(shí)，表示單數(shù)意義；指這些集體的成員時(shí)，則表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。如：Myfamilyisalargeone.我家是個(gè)大家庭。Allmyfamilyenjoyskiing.我們?nèi)胰硕枷矚g滑雪。2.不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能與不定冠詞a/an連用。抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞。（1）常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)類：air,beef,beer,bread,candy,cheese,chicken,chocolate,coffee,cotton,coal,electricity,fire,fish,food,fruit,furniture,glass,grass,gold,hair,ice,ink,juice,land,light,meat,medicine,milk,oil,paper,pork,rain,rice,salt,snow,soup,sugar,tea,water,wind,wine,wood抽象類：advice,age,beauty,danger,death,energy,fear,fun,failure,happiness,health,help,homework,housework,information,joy,love,luck,knowledge,money,music,nature,news,pleasure,progress,safety,sleep,success,surprise,time,trouble,truth,weather,work（2）不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)①不可數(shù)名詞常借助于量詞表示一定的數(shù)量。常見(jiàn)的量詞有apieceof,abottleof,acupof等。如：apieceoffurniture一件家具somepiecesofpaper幾張紙twobagsofrice兩袋米②有些名詞表示物質(zhì)或抽象概念是不可數(shù)的，而在表示個(gè)體或種類時(shí)是可數(shù)的，如：Twobeers,please.請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯啤酒。Itwasaspecialtea.它是一種特殊的茶。Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshespendslittletimelookingafterherchild.作為一名教師她是一個(gè)成功的人，但是作為一位母親，她是一個(gè)失敗者，因?yàn)樗龓缀鯖](méi)有時(shí)間照顧自己的孩子。3）有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞，但意思不同。名詞詞義可數(shù)不可數(shù)change變化零錢(qián)chicken小雞雞肉exercise習(xí)題鍛煉experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)fish魚(yú)（類）魚(yú)肉（4）修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞的常用詞：只修飾可數(shù)名詞afew一些,few沒(méi)幾個(gè),many很多,alargenumberof大量的只修飾不可數(shù)名詞alittle一點(diǎn)兒,little沒(méi)多少,much很多,alargeamountof大量的,agreatdealof大量的,abitof一點(diǎn)兒既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞some一些,any任何,alotof很多,lotsof很多,plentyof大量的考點(diǎn)三名詞所有格（2023·湖南郴州）Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon________Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.A．Children’s B．Children C．Child’s【答案】A【詳解】句意：我的父母在兒童節(jié)帶我去了游樂(lè)園。在那里有很多令人興奮的事情可做。考查名詞所有格。根據(jù)“Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon…Day.”及結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處表示“兒童節(jié)”，children“孩子們”，修飾名詞Day應(yīng)該用其所有格形式。故選A。形式用法構(gòu)成示例’s所有格用于有生命的及表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等的名詞直接加’sMike’sbasketball邁克的籃球yesterday’snewspaper昨天的報(bào)紙以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加’Teachers’Day教師節(jié)twentyminutes’walk步行二十分鐘并列名詞所有格TomandJohn’sroom湯姆和約翰的房間（共同擁有）Tom’sandJohn’srooms湯姆的房間和約翰的房間（各自擁有）of所有格主要用于無(wú)生命的名詞AofBthenameofthebook書(shū)名themiddleofthepark公園中間雙重所有格表示部分或其中之一AofB’s aclassmateofMary’s瑪麗的一個(gè)同學(xué)somefriendsofmybrother’s我哥哥的一些朋友A名詞1.TomandTimhavesome________and________.A.tomatos;chicken B.tomatoes;chickens C.tomatoes;chicken D.tomatos;chickens2.Thisis______bedroom.Theybothlikeitverymuch.A.MaryandHelen B.Mary'sandHelen'sC.Mary'sandHelen D.MaryandHelen's3.Idon’tknow________abouttheaircrashatthemeeting.Couldyoupleasegivesome________?A.whattotalk,advice B.whattosay,advice C.howtotalk,advices D.howtosay,advices4.Idon’twanttouseyourpen.Iwanttouse________.A.somebodyelse’s B.somebody’selseC.somebodyelse D.somebody’selse’s5.Nobodythoughtitiseasytofinishsomuchworkin_________.A.twodays’time B.two-daystimeC.twoday’stime D.twodaystime6.—________isitfromourschooltothesubwaystation?—It’sabout________walk.A.Howfar;tenminutes B.Howfar;tenminutes’C.Howlong;tenminutes D.Howlong;tenminutes’7.Mary’sEnglishismuchbetterthan__________intheclass.A.anystudent’s B.anyotherstudent C.anyoneelse D.anyotherstudent’s8.—Whosebikesarethese?—Theyare________.A.LilyandLucy B.Lily’sandLucy’s C.LilyandLucy’s D.Lily’sandLucy9.—Ihearsome________willgotoyourschool.—Yes.Someteachersfrom________willgetherethisafternoon.A.Germans;Germany B.Germen;Germany C.Germans;German10.(2023·武漢)—Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam.—Hisheightgiveshimabig________.A.situation B.challenge C.achievement D.advantage11.(2023·湖北荊州)—WhatcanyoulearnfromJourneytotheWest?—Ilearnthatweshouldhaveenough_______toovercomethedifficultiesinourlife.A.danger B.success C.courage D.excitement12.(2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州)—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful________!A.movement B.attraction C.experience D.research13.(2023·沈陽(yáng))Bettyiscrazyaboutmusic.Herdreamistobea________.A.scientist B.painter C.musician D.writer14.(2023·山東濱州)—What’syoursecretofwritingsowell?—Ireadalot,andtheworksofLuXunhadastrong

________

onmeasachild.A.difference B.attention C.situation D.influence15.—IhaveinlearningEnglishandI'msoworried.Couldyouhelpmewithit?—Sure,I'dloveto.A.joyB.interestC.troubleD.fun16.—HaveyoudecidedwhattowriteaboutGulliverinLilliputinthereport?—I'mnotsure.MaybeIneedtoreadsome________aboutitbeforewriting.A.reasons B.rewards C.results D.reviews17.—InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.—That'sinteresting!IwanttoknowalltheChinese________.A.traditions B.sentencesC.notices D.problems18.Forhisson’sbirthday,Stevenistakinghimtothenewmovieasa.

A.task B.treat C.choice D.visit19.Youcanseetheinourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.A.doubt B.pride C.regret D.ability20.BeijingOperaisanimportantpartofChinese________.A.culture B.inventionC.condition D.introduction21.—IsthisphototakeninTibet？—Yes.Youcanseebeautifulsnowmountainintheofthephoto. A.form B.background C.shape D.introduction22.Inaconversationbetweentwopersons,65%of________isdonethroughbodylanguage.A.information B.pronunciation C.introduction D.communication23.Thesungivesoutlightand.Withoutthesun,therewillbenolifeontheearth.A.temperature B.beauty C.heat D.peace24.—Wehaveenteredaworldwhererobotoperationsbecometruewith5Gtechnology.—Hardtobelieve!Scientistsarefullofwhichleadstogreatchangesinourlife.

A.attraction B.inventionC.position D.contribution25.Listeningtomusicandwatchingfilmsarebothrelaxingformsof_______.A.achievement B.agreementC.development D.entertainment26.—What'sthe________oftravelingbybike?—Itcansavemoney，keepushealthyanddoesnotpollutetheair.A.purposeB.suggestionC.advantage D.knowledge28.—Boysandgirls,pleasefollowmy_______whenyouareinthelab.—OK,MissWang.A.conversations B.licenses C.instruction D.habits29.Frommy________onthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectviewofourcity.A.tradition B.condition C.position D.situation30.-It'sdangeroustodriveafterdrinking.-That'strue.Itcanincreasethe______oftrafficaccidents.A.advantage B.stress C. safety D.risk31.Lifeislikeridingabicycle.Tokeepyour_______,youmustkeepmoving.A.promise B.position C.balance D.ability32.—Theygavetheirdifferent___________onyournewplanlastnight.Whatdoyouthinkofthem?—Mostofthemarepractical,andI’dliketoacceptthem.A.reasonsB.commentsC.resultsD.excuse33.—Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture?—Iwanttobea___________becauseIwanttoshowpeoplethemostpopularclothes.A.hostB.modelC.writerD.modern34.Peterisinterestedinreadingbooksaboutanimalsandplants.Hehasareal______ofanimals，birdsandflowers.A.courage B.knowledge C.energy D.experience35.Asuddenwindfall，whichmakesamangetrichquickly，maybreakthebalanceofaperson'slife."Windfall"inthesentencemeans______.A.advantage B.discovery C.agreement D.wealth36.Tospreadourtraditionalculture，manyteenagerscameupwithnew.Forexample，Suansuan，acollegestudent，haspostedover50videosonBilibilitoshowherloveforourculture.A.methods B.messages C.meanings D.medicines37.Thelittlegirlhassuchagood______thatshecankeepthenamesofallherclassmatesinmindonthefirstdayatschool.A.experience B.suggestion C.collection D.memory38.Ifyoudon'tknowhowtofixthemachine，justfollowthe______.A.introductionsB.resolutions C.predictions D.instructions39.ThoughZhongNanshanisinhiseighties，hemakesgreat__________tothemedicaldevelopment.Ican'tagreemore.Heismyhero.A.celebrationB.conversation C.contribution D.collection40.I'vecometothe______thatLydiaistherightpersontomakefriendswith.Sheisfriendly，helpfulandhonest.A.information B.direction C.conclusion D.invitation第二部分：冠詞冠詞是一種虛詞，是名詞的一種標(biāo)志，不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任任何句子成分，只能附著在一個(gè)名詞上，幫助說(shuō)明其詞義。對(duì)于冠詞的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法區(qū)別，定冠詞的用法，不用冠詞的情況，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中冠詞的用法等幾個(gè)方面?？疾樾问揭詥雾?xiàng)選擇為主，有時(shí)也會(huì)在完形填空、完成句子等類型的題目中出現(xiàn)。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，不但要掌握不同類型的冠詞的用法，還要注意習(xí)慣搭配中的冠詞的使用情況。中考考查重點(diǎn)：一、冠詞的用法；二、不用冠詞的情況；1.（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江）ItissaidthatPandaYaYawilllive________restofherlifeinherhometown,China.A.a B.an C.the D.不填【答案】C【解析】句意：據(jù)說(shuō)熊貓丫丫將在她的家鄉(xiāng)中國(guó)度過(guò)余生?？疾楣谠~用法。livetherestofone’slife“度過(guò)余生”，固定搭配。故選C。2.（2023·廣州·語(yǔ)法選擇）But_____lastonethatcameoutwasnotstrongatall.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】C【解析】句意：但是最后一只鳥(niǎo)出來(lái)了，并沒(méi)有那么強(qiáng)壯。a/an是不定冠詞，表示泛指。a用在輔音音素前；an用在元音音素前。the是定冠詞，表示特指。此處特指最后一只鳥(niǎo)，用the。故選C?？枷?冠詞的分類分類說(shuō)明例子不定冠詞a用于以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前agift一份禮物，aplane一架飛機(jī)，ausefulbook一本有用的書(shū)an用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前anhour一小時(shí)，anapple一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，anhonestgirl一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的女孩定冠詞the只有一種形式，一般用于特指thepenyouwritewith你寫(xiě)字的鋼筆，theChinesemovie那部中國(guó)影片考向2冠詞的基本用法一、不定冠詞a、an的用法1.a和an都用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，泛指人和物。表示可數(shù)事物中的一個(gè)。但兩者用法有區(qū)別：（1）若隨后的單詞以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，用a。如：alotof，agoodidea，apear。（2）若隨后的單詞以元音音素開(kāi)頭，用an。如：anexample，anorange，anapple。二、定冠詞the的用法用法例子1.用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。Thisisthecitywheremygrandfatheroncelived.2.用于指談話雙方知道的人或事物。Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?3.用于復(fù)述上文提過(guò)的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂）Jimlivesinasmallvillage.Inthevillage,thereisanoldtree.4.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。Springisthefirstseasonofayear.ThisisthemostinterestingmovieIhaveeverseen.5.用于表示方向、方位的名詞前。intheeast在東方 inthefront在前面 attheback在后面inthebottom在底部 6.用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或樂(lè)器前。thesun,themoon,playthepiano7.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前表示“一家人”或“夫婦”。TheTurnersareatbreakfasttable.8.與某些形容詞連用表示一類人或事物。Theyoungshouldhelptheold.9.用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。theGreatWall,theUnitedStates10用在西洋樂(lè)器單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。playthepiano彈鋼琴 playtheviolin拉小提琴13.用在某些固定的表達(dá)法。inthemorning在早上 intheafternoon在下午intheevening在晚上 gotothecinema去看電影intheworld在世界上 alltheyearround一年到頭onthewayto在去……去的路上三、不用冠詞的情況用法例子1.在專有名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前。Paperismadeofwood.2.名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞或不定代詞作定語(yǔ)。Goalongthisroad.EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)。Myparentsareteachers.4.在節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。TodayisChildren’sDay.It’shotinsummer.5.在一日三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、學(xué)科的名詞前。Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Let’splayfootballafterschool.6.在某些固定短語(yǔ)中。inbed,inhospital,onfoot,atschool1.Ifyouwanttotake__________shortrideinthecity,choose__________sharedbike.A.a;／ B.the;the C.a;a D.／;a2.QingdaoisabeautifulcitythatliesineastofChina.A.an B./ C.the D.a3.Danielhad_______egg,apieceofbreadandaglassofmilkforbreakfastthismorning.A.a B.an C.the D./4.-Peter,shallwegoforapicnicthisSunday?-OK.Let'sadditto_____________weekendplan.A.a B.an C.the D.／5.Ilikeplaying________piano,butJerrylikesplaying________football.A.the;a B.the;/ C./;the D.a;an6.Ifyougoto________Britain,don’tforgettovisit________BritishMuseum.It’sa30-minutebusridefrom________RiverThames.A.the;/;/ B.the;the;/ C./;/;the D./;the;the7.Danielhad_______egg,apieceofbreadandaglassofmilkforbreakfastthismorning.A.a B.an C.the D./8.—Thereis________uniforminthesoccerclub.—Is________uniformBob’s?A.a;the B.an;the C.an;an D.the;an9.I’vehad______badheadacheallday,soIthinkI’llgoto______bedearly.A.a;不填 B.不填;the C.不填；不填 D.a;the10.---Howdoyougoto________work?---Iusuallytake_________bus.A.the;a B./;a C.a;a D.the;／11.Tomlikesplaying_______pianowhileTimlikesplaying________football.A.the...theB./...the C.the.../ D./.../12.Ihave_________Europeanpenfriend,andhelikesplaying________guitar.A.an;/ B.an;the C.a;/ D.a;the第三部分：代詞（一）備考指南代詞可分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞等。代詞幾乎是每年中考的考查部分，近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代詞上，所考題量占所考代詞的60%以上。試題注重語(yǔ)境和情境，要求能夠根據(jù)真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境運(yùn)用各類代詞。1.（2023·武漢）—TherearemanycelebrationsinthecomingDragonBoatFestival.—Soundsveryinteresting.Idon’twanttomiss________.A.it B.any C.none D.one【答案】B【解析】句意：——在即將到來(lái)的端午節(jié)有許多慶祝活動(dòng)。——聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。我不想錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一個(gè)?？疾榇~辨析。it它；any任何；none沒(méi)有一個(gè)；one一個(gè)。根據(jù)“Soundsveryinteresting.Idon’twanttomiss”可知不想錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一個(gè)活動(dòng)，用any。故選B。2.（2023·揚(yáng)州）Thechildrenhavepaintedsince________couldfirstpickupabrush.A.they B.them C.their D.themselves【答案】A【解析】句意：孩子們從第一次拿起畫(huà)筆就開(kāi)始畫(huà)畫(huà)了?？疾榇~。they他們，主格；them他們，賓格；their他們的，形容詞性物主代詞；themselves他們自己，反身代詞?？仗幾鲝木涞闹髡Z(yǔ)，應(yīng)用主格，故選A。3.（2023·安徽）Ilikethosebooks!WhenIgetmypocketmoney,Iwillbuy________.A.it B.that C.them D.ones【答案】C【解析】句意：我喜歡那些書(shū)！當(dāng)我有零花錢(qián)的時(shí)候，我就會(huì)買(mǎi)一些?？疾榇~辨析。it它；that那個(gè)；them它們；ones一些。根據(jù)“Ilikethosebooks!WhenIgetmypocketmoney,Iwillbuy…”可知，此處指“我”有錢(qián)時(shí)會(huì)買(mǎi)上文中提到的thosebooks“那些書(shū)”，books是復(fù)數(shù)，故用them指代。故選C。一、人稱代詞人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)漢語(yǔ)我我們你你們他她它他們主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouyouhimheritthem二、物主代詞物主代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)漢語(yǔ)我的我們的你的你們的他的她的它的他們的形容詞性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名詞性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs注意：1.人稱代詞在句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用主格，作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如：Hegoestoschoolonfoot.Hetoldmethathewouldgothere.BobisgoingtoShanghaionholidaywithher.2.人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如：—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme,Tom.3.形容詞性物主代詞只能用在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。如：Theyaredoingtheirhomework.4.名詞性物主代詞在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。如：—Whosebookisthis?—It’smine.Yoursisunderthetable.Iusuallytidymyroom.Youshouldtidyyours.三、反身代詞反身代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)漢語(yǔ)我自己我們自己你自己你們自己他自己她自己它自己他們自己myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves1）作賓語(yǔ)，表示反身代詞與主語(yǔ)是同一人。Thegirlistooyoungtolookafterherself.這個(gè)女孩年紀(jì)太小，不能照顧自己。UncleChenteacheshimselfEnglish.陳叔叔自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（2）作表語(yǔ)，常用于be,feel,seem,look等系動(dòng)詞之后，用來(lái)描述感覺(jué)、情緒或狀態(tài)。Heisnothimselftoday.他今天不舒服。I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday.我今天不太舒服。（3）作同位語(yǔ)，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，譯成“親自”“本人”。Youmustdoityourself.你必須自己做。Imyselfdidthehomeworklastnight.昨晚是我自己做的家庭作業(yè)。（4）用于固定搭配中。byoneself獨(dú)自；單獨(dú)cometooneself蘇醒dressoneself自己穿衣服enjoyoneself玩得開(kāi)心helponeselfto隨便吃……四、指示代詞1.定義：表示＂這個(gè)＂＂那個(gè)＂＂這些＂＂那些＂等指示概念的代詞叫指示代詞。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)含義this這個(gè)these這此指較近的人或物that那個(gè)those那些指較遠(yuǎn)的人或物（1）可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。Thisismymother.這是我媽媽。ThoseareJack’sbooks.那些是杰克的書(shū)。Iliketheseandshelikesthose.我喜歡這些，她喜歡那些。WhatIwanttosayisthis.我想說(shuō)的就是這點(diǎn)。（2）為避免重復(fù)，可用that和those代替前面提到的名詞。ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofAmerica.中國(guó)人口比美國(guó)人口多得多。(that=thepopulation)（3）在打電話時(shí)，通常用this指自己，用that指對(duì)方?！狧ello!Whoisthat?你好，請(qǐng)問(wèn)是哪位？五、不定代詞不明確指代某個(gè)人、某個(gè)事物、某些人、某些事物的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞可以代替名稱和形容詞，表示不同的數(shù)量概念。不定代詞沒(méi)有主格和賓格之分，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。1.不定代詞的句法功能不定代詞成分all，both，each，neither，either，much，little，many，few，other，some，any，one在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，noone，nobody，nothing，none在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)every，no在句中只能作定語(yǔ)不定代詞的基本語(yǔ)法（1）some、any的用法不定代詞用法示例some①用于肯定句中，意為“一些人/事”，指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞Someareteachers;somearestudents.有些人是老師，有些人是學(xué)生。Hereissomeoftheiradvice.這是他們的一些建議。②用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示請(qǐng)求、建議或期望得到肯定回答Thecaketastesgood.Wouldyoulikesome?這蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些嗎？any①多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中，意為“任何數(shù)量；任何一些”，指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞Ineedsomesciencebooks.Arethereanyinthebookshop?我需要一些科學(xué)書(shū)，書(shū)店里有嗎？Pleasebuysomemilk.Thereisn’tanyleftinthefridge.請(qǐng)買(mǎi)些牛奶。冰箱里一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有了。②用于肯定句中，表示“任一”Ihavethreedictionaries.Youmayuseany.我有三本詞典，你隨便用哪一本都可以。（2）few，afew，little，alittle的用法用法用于可數(shù)名詞用于不可數(shù)名詞表示肯定概念afew雖少，但有幾個(gè)alittle雖少，但有一點(diǎn)表示否定概念few不多，幾乎沒(méi)有l(wèi)ittle不多，沒(méi)有什么（3）other，theother，others，theothers，another的用法用法例句other某一個(gè)，另一些，其他的。不能單獨(dú)使用，后面要跟單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，泛指別的Wherearehisotherbooks?他的另一些書(shū)在哪里?others其他。必須單獨(dú)使用，泛指別人或別的東西，常用于＂some...others＂結(jié)構(gòu)Somearered,andothersareblack.一些是紅的，另一些是黑的。theother兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)，剩下的一個(gè)。特指，常用于＂one...theother...＂結(jié)構(gòu)Shehastwosisters—oneisanurse,andtheotherisateacher.她有兩個(gè)姐姐，一個(gè)是護(hù)士，另一個(gè)是老師。theothers其他全部，其余的。表示在一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的其他全部InourclassonlyTommyisEnglish,andtheothersareChinese.我們班除了湯米是英國(guó)人外，其他都是中國(guó)人。another另一個(gè)(指多個(gè)中的任何一個(gè))，可單獨(dú)用，也可接單數(shù)名詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示＂另幾個(gè)，再幾個(gè)＂Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can’tyou?你能看見(jiàn)另一艘船在海里，不是嗎?（4）all，both，none，either，neither的用法不定代詞含義作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)示例both兩者都復(fù)數(shù)Bothofusareinterestedinthefilm.我們倆都對(duì)這部電影感興趣。either兩者中的任何一個(gè)單數(shù)DoeseitherofyouknowMrLi?你們兩人中有任何一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)李先生嗎？neither兩者都不單數(shù)Neitherofthemisright.他們兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。all三者（或以上）都復(fù)數(shù)Allofusarelookingforwardtotheholiday.我們都期待著假期的到來(lái)。any三者（或以上）中的任何一個(gè)單數(shù)Youcanreadanyofthesebooks.你可以讀這些書(shū)中的任何一本。none三者（或以上）都不單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)Noneoftheworkerswants/wanttoworkonweekends.沒(méi)有一個(gè)工人想在周末工作。（5）復(fù)合不定代詞的用法由some，any，every，no與one，body，thing一起構(gòu)成的代詞叫復(fù)合不定代詞，如something，everybody，anyone，nothing等。由one和body構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞可相互換用。用法例句復(fù)合不定代詞一般用作單數(shù)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)Nobodyisaliment.沒(méi)有人缺席。(主語(yǔ))Doyouneedanything?你需要點(diǎn)什么嗎?(賓語(yǔ))Grammarisnoteverything.語(yǔ)法不是全部。(表語(yǔ))復(fù)合不定代詞被定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)須放在它們后面Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.收音機(jī)沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題。由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用法與some類似，而由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用法與any類似。當(dāng)any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用于肯定句時(shí)，常表示＂無(wú)論什么東西，隨便什么東西/事情＂There’salwayssomebodyathomeintheevenings.晚上總有人在家。Isthereanythinginterestinginthenewspaper?報(bào)紙上有什么有趣的東西嗎？（6）each和every不定代詞用法示例each指兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體；可與of連用Weeachhaveanewschoolbag.=Eachofushasanewschoolbag.我們每人有一個(gè)新書(shū)包。every只作形容詞，不單獨(dú)使用；指三者或以上的整體中的每一個(gè)，側(cè)重于整體；不可直接與of連用Sheknowseverystudentintheschool.她認(rèn)識(shí)學(xué)校里的每一個(gè)學(xué)生。Everyoneofherstudentslikesherverymuch.她的每個(gè)學(xué)生都非常喜歡她。（7）疑問(wèn)代詞who誰(shuí)(主格)whom誰(shuí)(賓格)whose誰(shuí)的(所有格)what什么(人、物)which哪一個(gè)、哪些(人、物)1.—Arethosebooks________?—No,theyarenotmine.Theybelongto________.A.yours；he B.yours；his C.yours；him D.your,he2.—Whoare______,Jimmy?

—Mygrandparents.AndIlove_______verymuch(非常).A.they;theyB.them;themC.they;themD.them;they3.Theseare________e-dogs.Pleasegive________to________.A.their,it,them B.her,them,hersC.his,it,him D.my,them,me4.MissFangteaches_________Englishthisterm.A.we B.ours C.ourselves D.us4.—Isthisyourpen?—No,it’snot________.It’s________A.my;his B.mine;your C.mine;hers D.his;hers5.—DoesthenewteacherMrLinteach________Chinese?—No,________ChineseteacherisMissLi.________knowsMrLin.A.your;our;Her B.you;ours;Her C.your;ours;She D.you;our;She6.Nancy’s______mostsuccessfulmomentcamein______forties.A./;her B.the;her C.the;hers D./;hers7.Whenyoufind_____inadangeroussituation,rightdecisionswillmake______possibleforyoutogetoutofdanger.A.you;it B.you;it’s C.yourself;it D.yourself;it’s8.Don’ttouchthemachine,children,oryoumayhurt________.A.yourself B.myself C.themselves D.yourselves9.Iadviseyounottoshow________ontheWeChatbecauseitmaycausetrouble.A.anythingpersonal B.personalanythingC.somethingpersonal D.personalsomething10.—Whichshirtwouldyoulike,thewhiteoneortheblackone?—________.Theyaretooexpensiveforme.I’lltaketheblueone.A.Both B.All C.Neither D.Either11.Differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.Somelikereadingbooks,and________likedrawingpictures.A.theother B.others C.another D.theothers12.—Myparentswantmetobeadoctor,butI’mnotsureaboutthat.—Don’tworry.Justmakesureyoudoyourbest.Thenyoucanbe________youwant!A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything13.ThecarsmadeinJapanaremuchcheaperthan

________madeinAmerica.A.ones B.those C.that D.it14.—IsyourfriendAmystillinAmerica?—Idon’tknow.Ihave______informationaboutherbecausewehaven’tseeneachotherfor______years.A.alittle;afew B.little;afew C.afew;alittle D.few;alittle15.Thoughitwasraininghardoutside,wecouldsee________peopleinthestreet.A.few B.afew C.alittle D.little16.—Itsnowshardthismorning.Iseveryoneheretoday?—Yes,________ofusislateforschool.A.either B.both C.none D.neither17.—Whichdoyouprefer,juiceortea?—________isOK.Idon’tcare.A.All B.Either C.Neither D.Both18.—Daniel,couldyoupleasehelpmeopenthebox?—I’dliketo,butIhaveabagoffruitinmylefthand,andtwobagsofvegetablesinmy________hand.A.theother B.another C.others D.other19.Thetwinsisterswereverytiredontheirwayhome,but________ofthemwouldstopforarest.A.either B.neither C.none D.both20.—Isthisnewbook________?—No,________isold.A.your;my B.hers;her C.yours;mine D.his;my21.Peoplealwayssay________isimpossibleifweworkhard.SoIdreamofhaving________bettergradeinthecomingexam.A.nothing;the B.anything;the C.nothing;a D.everything;a22.—Tellme,Grandma.________isyourfavouritepersoninthewholewideworld?—That’seasy!It’syou!A.What B.Who C.How D.Whom23.________isourdutytomakeourcountrybetterandstronger.A.It B.This C.That D.One24.—Ms.Walker,thankyouformakingmefeellikeIam________.—I’mgladyoubecomeconfidentnow.A.everybody B.nobody C.somebody D.anybody25.Thereisn’t________intheclassroom.AllthestudentsarehavingaPElessonintheplayground.（2022年江蘇）Asomebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody26.—Ihave________butpraiseforthepolicebecausetheyoftenhelppeopleoutoftrouble.—Yes,they’rewellworthpraising.A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something27.Inourschool,________studentslikeEnglish,but________ofthemcanspeakitsmoothly(流利地).A.alittle;afew B.afew;fewC.afew;little D.alittle;few28.Lookatthesign,please.Youcanparkyourcaron________sideofthestreet.A.both B.other C.either D.all29.ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutthereeighthsof________ontheEarth.A.that B.those C.one D.ones30.—Is________here?—Yes.Weareallready.A.somebody B.neither C.everybody D.none31.—Fourchildrenwerewalkingunderasmallumbrella.________ofthemgotwet.Canyouguesswhy?—Becauseitwasnotraining!A.All B.None C.Most D.Some32.—TherearemainlysixkindsofteainChina.Whichisyourfavorite?—Greentea,Iguess.I’vetriedblacktea,greenteaandsoon,and________ofthemhavetheirspecialtastes.A.all B.both C.none D.neither第四部分：介詞介詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用介詞的能力。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.介詞辨析；2.介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。介詞是一種虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語(yǔ)或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，才能擔(dān)任句子成分。1.(2023·武漢)PleasebringMs.Steentothewelcomeparty________tellinghersothatshecanbesurprised.A.about B.from C.without D.for【答案】C【解析】句意：請(qǐng)帶Ms.Steen參加歡迎晚會(huì)，不要告訴她，這樣她會(huì)感到驚訝的?？疾榻樵~辨析。about關(guān)于；from從；without沒(méi)有；for為了。根據(jù)“tellinghersothatshecanbesurprised.”可知不告訴她，她才會(huì)驚訝。故選C。2.(2023·十堰)—________mysurprise,therestaurantisaactuallyverynice.—Theserviceisalsogreat.A.In B.