2022年考博英語-蘇州大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測試題含答案帶詳解第150期

2022年考博英語-蘇州大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測試題（含答案帶詳解）1.單選題

Thisyearwilldifficultforthisorganizationbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.theyhavelessmoneyandvolunteersthantheyhadlastyear

B.ithaslessmoneyandfewervolunteersthanithadlastyear

C.thelastyearitdidnothaveasfewvolunteersandmoney

D.therearefewermoneyandvolunteersthaninthelastyeartherewere

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。因為little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，few修飾可數(shù)名詞，money為不可數(shù)名詞，volunteer為可數(shù)名詞，選項A、C和D可排除，又因為句子表示比較所以用比較級less和fewer表示更少的。句意：今年對于組織來說會是困難的一年，因為資金和志愿者都比去年更少了。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Theascenttothemountainis（）butanyonewhomakesittothetopisrewardedbyaspectacularview.

問題1選項

A.helpful

B.assiduous

C.arduous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。helpful“有幫助的”；assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous“努力的，費力的”；unique“特別的”。句意：登到山頂是艱苦的，但任何成功登頂?shù)娜硕紩蕾p到壯觀的景色。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human–relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeageanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaryhutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain--bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow—competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemformabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfoildevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocoulddipfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.”，可知總的來說，我們的社會正在變成一個由官僚主義管理下的大型企業(yè)，在這種管理下，人成了機器上一個小小的、潤滑的機械化齒輪。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為與社會其他部分相比，人是一個不重要的部分。選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”，可知他們從生到死從來沒有面對過人類作為情感和智力獨立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實。可判斷出工人和雇員焦慮的真正原因是他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.”，可知社會地位較高的人也同樣焦慮。他們的生活和他們的下屬一樣空虛?？膳袛嗟匚桓叩娜撕偷匚坏偷娜硕纪瑯咏箲]，選項A和B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow—competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.”，可知這種不斷地證明自己與競爭對手一樣優(yōu)秀或比對手更好的需要，造成了不斷的焦慮和壓力，而這些正是不快樂和疾病的根源。選項C可排除。選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystem…intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfoildevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.”，可知作者建議把社會變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，人與潛能的發(fā)展，即所有的愛和理性的潛能，是社會發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。可判斷出作者建議使人能成分發(fā)揮他的潛能。選項C符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章一開始提到了在工業(yè)化社會中，人們變得渺小，成為這個社會大型企業(yè)的一個機械齒輪，工人和雇主都變得焦慮。上層人士和底層的工人在工業(yè)化的社會中都感到焦慮和不安，沒有任何幸福感可言。可判斷出作者用大量的篇幅闡述了工業(yè)化社會帶來的消極影響，所以作者的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是不滿的。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Canelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.

NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer.WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELEfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”

Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolosesleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.

Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon.Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.

Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such"ionizing"radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.

Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.

ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33critiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving"biasedtheentiredocument"towardprovingalink,“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat(electromagneticfields)presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis（）.

3.WhydidthePentagonandWhiteHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?

Because（

）

4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon（）.

5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?

問題1選項

A.studiesonthecauseofcancer

B.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer

C.therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer

D.differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncancer

問題2選項

A.thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer

B.electricityreallyaffectscancer

C.controversial

D.lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer

問題3選項

A.itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.

B.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.

C.thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.

D.theyhaddifferentarguments.

問題4選項

A.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.

B.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.

C.electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.

D.onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.

問題5選項

A.Theyareindifferent.

B.Theyareworriedverymuch.

C.Theymayexerciseprudentavoidance.

D.Theyareshocked.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。文章開篇就提出了電磁場是否會致癌這個問題，并提出有研究結(jié)果表明電磁場會增加患癌的危險性。第二段公布了EPA環(huán)保署的報告，認(rèn)為電磁場與癌癥之間存在偶然聯(lián)系。第三段說明電磁場和癌癥之間的關(guān)系問題仍然廣受爭議，需要進一步的研究和證明。下文提出五角大樓和白宮反對電磁場致癌的說法，因為每一個軍事單位都依賴于電氣設(shè)備的使用?？v觀全文可知文章的主題主要是關(guān)于電磁場對癌癥的影響的不同觀點的討論。選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence‘suggestsacasuallink’betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer.”，可知EPA初步得出結(jié)論，科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，低頻電磁場(波長非常長的電磁場)與白血病、淋巴瘤和腦癌之間存在偶然的聯(lián)系。可判斷出EPA認(rèn)為電磁場和癌癥之間有偶然的聯(lián)系。選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.”，可知從巨大的陸基雷達到戰(zhàn)艦和每架飛機內(nèi)置的防御系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)代軍隊幾乎每個單位都會用到電子設(shè)備，由此可知他們相信電磁場不會誘發(fā)癌癥?？膳袛喑鑫褰谴髽呛桶讓m反對公布這份報告的原因在于現(xiàn)代軍隊的每一個單位都依賴于某種電子設(shè)備的大量使用。選項B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.”，可知當(dāng)電流通過導(dǎo)線時，它會產(chǎn)生一個電磁場，對周圍的物體施加壓力。多年來，科學(xué)家們一直否認(rèn)這種力可能是有害的，主要是因為它們非常微弱?？膳袛喑鰪倪@個物理現(xiàn)象可知因為電磁場太弱了，所以沒有害處。選項A符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolosesleep…Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.”，可知這個爭論是會讓人恐慌，但是現(xiàn)在沒有人能否認(rèn)，這個問題必須認(rèn)真對待，需要更多的研究?？膳袛喑鋈藗冞€是會保持警惕的態(tài)度，會有意小心地避開電磁場。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwill（）thebasicconceptofgeometrybeinglearned.

問題1選項

A.make

B.believe

C.understand

D.observe

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Make“制作，使”；believe“相信”；understand“理解，明白”；observe“觀察”。句意：觀察一個6到9個月大的嬰兒，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何學(xué)習(xí)幾何學(xué)的基本概念的。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Governmentstodayplayanincreasinglylargerroleinthe（）ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.

問題1選項

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.ranks

D.domains

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。scopes“范圍，領(lǐng)域”；ranges“量程，范圍”；ranks“級別，排列”；domains“領(lǐng)域，域名”。句意：今天，政府在福利、經(jīng)濟和教育領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thataregatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

1.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorprobablyfavors（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatinregardtotheaccumulationofwealththeauthor（）.

4.Accordingtotheviewsexpressedinthepassage,peopleshouldbehappiestdoingwhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthoroftheabovepassagewouldprobablyreacttoanenergyshortageby（）.

問題1選項

A.1960’sintheUnitedStates

B.GoldenAgeofGreece

C.earlydaysofBritishindustrialization

D.EnglandofKingArthur

問題2選項

A.capitalism

B.totalitarianism

C.socialism

D.anarchism

問題3選項

A.equatestherichwiththethief

B.saysthattherobberisabenefactor

C.condonessomedishonestyinbusinessdealings

D.indicatesthattherearefewhonestbusinessmen

問題4選項

A.miningoreforthemanufactureofweapons.

B.cleaningsewagepondsatatreatmentplant.

C.waitingtablesforarichman.

D.helpingapoormandohisjob.

問題5選項

A.blamingtherichfortheproblem

B.supportingthesearchformoreoil

C.fomentingrevolutionbythedoor

D.urgingthatenergybeusedmoreefficientlyandeffectively

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章“AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.”，可知對于英國的窮人，對于所有國家的窮人，這一問題在所有關(guān)于財富的論述中都被完全忽略了?？赏茢喑鲎髡呱钤谟?。下文討論了勞動者的生產(chǎn)問題，可推斷出此時英國處于工業(yè)化初級階段。選項C符合題意。

2.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章“Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.”，可知資本主義生產(chǎn)帶來了一系列的問題，提出勞動者生產(chǎn)任何東西的報酬多少無關(guān)緊要，問題在于他們被迫生產(chǎn)的東西是什么，并且能夠用自己的財產(chǎn)干什么?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為應(yīng)該對個人的生產(chǎn)和財產(chǎn)使用進行規(guī)定，可推斷出作者對社會主義表示贊成。選項C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate…outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.”，可知作者舉了一個例子說明了關(guān)于財富積累，作者暗示了誠實的商人其實很少。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem….Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.”，可知對于勞動者來說，最大的問題不是有多少錢，而是能用錢買什么和做什么，如果是對生活有利的事，那人們會感到快樂?？赏茢喑銮鍧嵨鬯幚韽S的污水池是人們會喜歡的，因為可以帶來好的環(huán)境，對生活有利。選項B符合題意。

5.推斷題。整篇文章主要提到了財富集中在富人手中會對帶來許多問題，如果財富完全由富人來支配，那么會對生產(chǎn)和使用方式帶來危害?？赏茢喑鲎髡邥奄Y源短缺的問題歸咎于富人。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogosaysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidencebecausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoneybecome“better”people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon’tgo.

Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother’sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudiesanddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.

Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat’sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn’texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.

Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn’tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit’sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-leaningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.

1.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

2.Inthe2ndparagraph,“thosewhodon’tfitthepattern”refersto（）.

3.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause（）.

4.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat（）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat（）.

問題1選項

A.peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation

B.peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation

C.allhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

D.veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

問題2選項

A.highschoolgraduateswhoaren’tsuitableforcollegeeducation

B.collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis

C.collegestudentswhoaren’tanybetterfortheirhighereducation

D.highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

問題3選項

A.youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege

B.manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

C.youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

D.youngpeopledon’tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

問題4選項

A.societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates

B.highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation

C.toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving

D.collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout

問題5選項

A.moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates

B.collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful

C.collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople

D.intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon’tgotocollege

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.”，可知大學(xué)已經(jīng)被超過一代的人們毫無疑問的接受了。可判斷出人們過去總是對高等教育充滿信心。選項B符合題意。

2.語義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.”，可知近一半的高中畢業(yè)生就讀于那些不符合這種模式的學(xué)校，人數(shù)越來越多，現(xiàn)象也越來越明顯。下文緊接著用例子說明了這種現(xiàn)象。可判斷出thosewhodon’tfitthepattern是指那些沒有因為高等教育而變得更好的大學(xué)生們。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudiesanddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.”，可知另一些人在學(xué)習(xí)中找不到激勵和鼓舞而輟學(xué)——通常是受到大學(xué)管理者的鼓勵?？膳袛喑龃髮W(xué)生的輟學(xué)率似乎在上升的原因在于年輕人很少有追求高等教育的動力。選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.”，可知我們被告知年輕人必須上大學(xué)，因為經(jīng)濟不會給一個18歲的未受過訓(xùn)練的人工作機會。但是令人沮喪的事實是，畢業(yè)生了解到社會也無法給受過大學(xué)教育的22歲的畢業(yè)生適合的工作機會。可判斷出大學(xué)教育的問題部分來自于社會無法為受過良好訓(xùn)練的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生提供足夠的工作機會。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.”，可知我們從小就被教育說接受一點教育是好的，接受的教育越多越好，這是有爭議的。相反的證據(jù)也開始增多?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為對于高中畢業(yè)的年輕人來說，大學(xué)并非最好的、唯一的去處。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Everyeffortshouldcontributetothehealthydevelopmentofourcompany,buthowdidtheyreachsuchadecisionthatmaybe（）tothecompany’sfuture?

問題1選項

A.irrelevant

B.detrimental

C.casual

D.preceding

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Irrelevant“不相干的”；detrimental“有害的”；casual“隨意的，偶然的”；preceding“先前的”。句意：每一項努力都應(yīng)該為公司的健康發(fā)展做出貢獻，但是他們是如何做出這樣一個可能對公司未來不利的決定的呢?選項B符合題意。

10.翻譯題

“Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.

Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthosewhothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.

Adviceto“sleeponit”couldbewellfounded,scientistssay.

Afteragoodnight’ssleepaproblemthatseemedinsurmountablethenightbeforecanoftenappearmoremanageable,althoughtheevidenceuntilnowhasbeenanecdotal.ButresearchersattheUniversityofLuebekinGermanyhavedesignedanexperimentthatshowsagoodnight’ssleepcanimproveinsightandproblem-solving.“Ifyouhavesomenewlyacquiredmemoriesinyourbrainsleepactsonthesememories,restructuresthem,sothataftersleepinsightintoaproblemwhichyoucouldnotsolvebeforeincreases.”SaidDr.JanBorn,aneuroscientist,attheuniversity.

HecreatedMickeyMouseandproducedthefirstfull-lengthanimatedmovie.Heinventedthethemeparkandoriginatedthemodemmultimediacorporation.Forbetterorworse,hisinnovationshaveshapedourworldandthewayweexperienceit.ButthemostsignificantthingWaltDisneymadewasagoodnameforhimself.

Itwas,ofcourse,longagoconvertedintoabrandname,constantlyfussedover,ferociouslydefended,firstbyDisney,latterlybyhiscorporateheirsandassigns.Servingasabeaconforparentsseekingclean,decententertainmentfortheirchildren,theDisneylogo-astylizedversionofthefounder’ssignature—moregenerallypromisesusthatanythingappearingbeneathiswillnotveertoofarfromthesafe,soundandaboveallcheerfulAmericanmainstream,whichitdefinesasmuchasserves.

Nowthedreadfulwinterwascomeuponthem.

Intheforest,allsummerlong,thebranchesofthetreesdobattleforlight,andsomeofthemloseanddie;andthencometheragingblasts,andthestormsofsnowandhail,andstrewthegroundwiththesewea