Unit-2-1翻譯市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

單句練習(xí)：Hewrestledwiththecrosswordclueforagesbeforelightfinallydawned.Theworkersandtheemployerslookatdifficultiesinquiteadifferentlight.TheyquicklylightedKeroseneflarestosignaltheSOS.Thisveteranoftwoworldwarstraveledlightthroughlifeandleftlittlebehind.段落練習(xí)：ProblemwithEducationalSystemThereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwithwhichtheaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolcanonlyfindplacesforhalfofthosewhoapply.ItseemstomethattimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandtheDepartmentofEducationtogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingwastedondiplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.1/24標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：總體、主觀等級(jí)劃分：A+,A,A-,B+,B,B-,C+,C,C-,D,F符號(hào)保留/上交2/24錯(cuò)誤類型：了解錯(cuò)誤：一詞多義、熟詞生義、望文生義語法結(jié)構(gòu)、文化背景、邏輯聯(lián)絡(luò)表示不妥：用詞不妥、語句不順、歐化嚴(yán)重3/24Hewrestledwiththecrosswordclueforages

beforelightfinallydawned.天亮前，他對(duì)著字謎苦思冥想了很久，才豁然開朗。他花了許多時(shí)間努力研究填字游戲線索直到漸漸有了眉目。那字謎提醒，他琢磨了很長時(shí)間才恍然大悟。Theworkersandtheemployerslookatdifficultiesinquiteadifferentlight.工人和雇主用截然不一樣角度對(duì)待困難。工人和雇主是用絕對(duì)不一樣眼光來對(duì)待這些難題。工人和雇主對(duì)困難看法很不相同。工人和雇主對(duì)困難看法不大相同。4/24TheyquicklylightedKeroseneflarestosignaltheSOS.他們快速點(diǎn)燃滿是煤油喇叭褲，讓火焰發(fā)出SOS求救信號(hào)。他們很快點(diǎn)燃了煤油閃光裝置，向SOS發(fā)射求救信號(hào)。他們趕快點(diǎn)著煤油燈，發(fā)出求救信號(hào)。Thisveteranoftwoworldwarstraveledlightthroughlifeandleftlittlebehind.這些身經(jīng)兩次世界大戰(zhàn)老兵們一生處處奔走，最終什么也沒留下。這位身經(jīng)兩次世界大戰(zhàn)老兵一生輕裝上陣，幾乎沒有留下什么?！瓱o牽無掛地度過了余生，流給后人東西廖若星辰?！捅M燈枯了。這位身經(jīng)兩次世界大戰(zhàn)老兵過了一輩子簡單生活，身后也沒留下什么。5/24ProblemwithEducationalSystem教育體系/體制/制度問題短文翻譯一定要從總體上把握，透徹了解全文后再下筆。Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.當(dāng)前全國有39所大學(xué)開設(shè)地理學(xué)位課程，但我從沒看到過廣告上有招聘地理專業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生好工作。OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?莫非只有我一個(gè)人在猜測，他們將回到學(xué)校教另一批學(xué)生地理，而這些學(xué)生又將接下去教更多學(xué)生地理？6/24OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwithwhichtheaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.現(xiàn)在只有10所大學(xué)開設(shè)航天工程學(xué)位課程，考慮到飛機(jī)制造業(yè)一直在快速地裁員，這么做沒有什么不好。Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryhavetoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.另首先，因?yàn)槿狈︶t(yī)生，全國各地醫(yī)院事故急癥部門不得不紛紛關(guān)門。Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolcanonlyfindplacesforhalfofthosewhoapply.理由呢？/原因何在？因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院只能為申請(qǐng)入學(xué)二分之一學(xué)生提供名額。7/24ItseemstomethattimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandtheDepartmentofEducationtogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthof

talent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingwastedondiplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.這個(gè)教育系統(tǒng)將會(huì)更經(jīng)濟(jì)地利用那些現(xiàn)在正在被浪費(fèi)在沒人想知道文憑和學(xué)位上才能、勤奮和刻苦財(cái)富。這個(gè)教育系統(tǒng)將更為經(jīng)濟(jì)地充分利用那些現(xiàn)在被浪費(fèi)在沒人想要了解文憑和學(xué)位上大量才華、專心以及勤奮時(shí)機(jī)成熟了。在我看來，時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)成熟，就業(yè)部和教育部應(yīng)該與各大學(xué)攜起手來，改革我們教育制度，使之更珍惜地使用學(xué)校人才資源，學(xué)生刻苦、勤奮精神。而現(xiàn)在這些人才和努力都浪費(fèi)在無人感興趣文憑和學(xué)位上。8/24歸化和異化

domesticationandforeignization美國學(xué)者L.

Venuti(1995)德國學(xué)者Schleiermacher

(1813)一個(gè)是讓讀者靠近作者，另一個(gè)是讓作者靠近讀者。假如讓讀者靠近作者語境，他就能感受到異國情調(diào)。9/24‘The

translator

can

either

leave

the

writer

in

peace

as

much

as

possible

and

bring

the

reader

to

him,

or

he

can

leave

the

reader

in

peace

as

much

as

possibleand

bringthe

writer

to

him.’‘Bring

the

reader

to

the

original

text’

would

correspond

to

requiring

him

toprocess

the

translation

in

context

of

the

original;

‘[The

translator]

thus

tries

totransport

[the

reader]

to

its

location,

which,

in

all

reality,

is

foreign

to

him.’

(Schleiermacher,

1838:219,

as

translated

inWilss,

1982:33)10/24歸化(domesticating

translation)把一個(gè)文化中異質(zhì)成份轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)文化中人們所熟知內(nèi)容。也就是說，用譯語文化來替換源語文化內(nèi)容。歸化譯法有利于譯語文化讀者了解，不過它在某種程度上犧牲了源語文化所附載信息。

嚴(yán)復(fù)、林紓、梁啟超傅雷‘神似’論、錢鐘書‘化境’說奈達(dá)（Nida）

11/24異化(foreignizing

translation)

把一個(gè)文化及語言中信息以近乎保持其原來面目標(biāo)方式傳遞給另一個(gè)文化及語言。它賦予譯語全新語言成份與新奇別致表示方式，這種譯法有利于兩種異質(zhì)文化和語言相互交流和滲透，推進(jìn)它們相互融合韋努蒂（L.Venuti）魯迅（1984:301）先生所稱“洋氣”，“保留原作風(fēng)姿”劉重德（1998）“歐化”劉英凱（1994）指出歸化翻譯一些失誤孫致禮（）認(rèn)為21世紀(jì)中國文學(xué)翻譯將由歸化走向異化，異化翻譯將成為21世紀(jì)主流12/24歸化例子：(assimilation)Homersometimesnods.智著千慮，必有一失

TakeFrenchleave不辭而別

ItwasanotheroneofthoseCatch-22situations.You’redamnedifyoudoandyou’redamnedifyoudon’t.這真是又一個(gè)左右為難尷尬局面，做也倒霉，不做也倒霉。

13/24異化例子Moneyistime.時(shí)間就是金錢傾國傾城：HerbeautywassuchastooverthrowcitiesandruinStates.Crocodiletears鱷魚眼淚Siliconvalley硅谷Hotdog熱狗Olive-branch橄欖枝

14/24UnitTwoEquivalencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevel(p.48)Word-for-wordequivalenceOnewordwithmultipleequivalentsofthesamemeaningOnewordwithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningsEquivalentsinterwovenwithoneanotherWordswithoutcorrespondingequivalents15/24MethodofDiscriminatingtheMeaningofaGivenWord1.Accordingtowordformation英語：compounding,e.g.airsick,wholesale,breakthroughaffixation,e.g.disagree,strengthen,triangle,conversione.g.Heistochairthemeeting.以及clipping,abbreviation,backformation漢語：合成附加以及重合、縮略16/243.AccordingtothecontextandcollocationBypartofspeech

e.g.Workerscanfish.Timeflies.InBritainwedriveontheleftsideoftheroad,nottherightside.在英國，車輛靠路左側(cè)行駛而不是靠右惻行駛。Hehopestobeabsolutelyrightaboutessentials.他希望在實(shí)際問題上絕對(duì)正確無誤。Imustanswerthatphone,butI’llberightback.我得去接電話，馬上就回來。HeexercisedhislegalrightasPrimeMinistertohalttheinvestigation.他行使了首相法定權(quán)力去阻止這場調(diào)查。Theshiprighteditselfafterthebigwavehadpassed.大浪過后，船又平穩(wěn)了。Jacksontriedhisbesttorighthissonfromthechargeofrobbery.杰克遜盡力為他兒子被指控?fù)尳偕暝?7/24

Bycollocationraiseraiseamonument樹碑raisevegetables種植蔬菜raisepoultry喂養(yǎng)家禽raiseafamily養(yǎng)家raisefears引發(fā)恐懼raiseabarrier撤除障礙raisethedead使死者回生/起死回生raiseafleet集結(jié)一支艦隊(duì)18/24solidsolidgeometry立體幾何asolidcitizen可靠公民solidsilver純銀asolidhouse堅(jiān)固房子twosolidhours足足兩個(gè)小時(shí)asolidbook內(nèi)容充實(shí)書asolidword不帶連字符號(hào)詞asolidvote一致選票19/24BycontextHeisthelastmantocome.他是最以后。Heisthelastmantodoit.他決不會(huì)干那事。Heisthelastmantoconsult.根本不宜找他商議。Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.他最不配干這個(gè)工作。Heshouldbethelasttoblame.怎么也不該怪他。ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.我怎么也沒料到會(huì)在這個(gè)地方見到你。

20/24LondonTransportCompanyrunsextratrainsduringtherush-hour.倫敦運(yùn)輸企業(yè)在交通高峰時(shí)間開加班列車。ElectioncampaignsinBritainrunforthreeweeks.英國選舉活動(dòng)連續(xù)三周。Theleaseonmyhousehasonlyayeartorun.我那房子租期只有一年了。(連續(xù))Thedyesinthisfabricareguaranteednottoruninwashing.這種織物所用染料確保不會(huì)在洗滌時(shí)滲化/褪色。Theforewordofthebookrunsforsixpages.這本書序言長達(dá)6頁。Urbanunemploymentisrunningat15percent.當(dāng)前，城市失業(yè)率保持在15%。Thepartyisrunningtwocandidatesinthenextelection.該黨將在下界選舉中提出兩名候選人。21/24辨析詞義1.分輕重Thoughhefelthisangermounting,hekeptperfectcontrolofhimself.他盡管越來越生氣，但還是很好地控制住自己。Heflewintoaragewhenhelearnedthathissonhadagainfailedintheexamination.他得知兒子又一次考試不及格時(shí)，大發(fā)雷霆。Madwithfury,hepoundedhisfistsonthewallandbeathisbreast.他氣得發(fā)瘋，用拳頭又砸墻又捶胸。Reportsofchildabusearousedpublicindignation.一些關(guān)于虐待兒童報(bào)道引發(fā)了公憤。22/242.論褒貶Howwastheperfectcrimefoundout?Wheredidyougetthatperfectgemstone?那個(gè)不露蛛絲馬跡罪行是怎樣查明？你是從什么地方弄到那顆完美無暇寶石？Anaggressiveyoungmancangofarinthisfirm.Aggressivenatio