高中英語主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

高中英語主謂一致

（一）主謂一致的應(yīng)用

1.名詞作主語

1）某些集體名詞，如family,team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待,

謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如：

Hisfamilyisahappyone.

ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.

這類名詞有：audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,

government,group,party,public>team等。

2）某些集體名詞，如people,police,cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動詞

必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.

4）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞

時，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用

單數(shù)形式。如：

Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.

5）不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主

語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.

6）如果主語有morethanone很多非常…或manya許多...構(gòu)成，盡

管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.

Manyagirlhasbeenthere.

7）一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常

用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,

scissors等。但如果主語用"akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構(gòu)成時，

謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：

Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.

8）thiskindofmen的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，menofthiskind的謂語動詞用復(fù)

數(shù)，allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Thiskindofmenisdangerous.

Menofthiskindaredangerous.

9）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)

意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works

（工廠），species（種類），Chinese,Japanese等。如：

The（This）glassworkswassetupin1980.（這家玻璃廠建于1980年。）

The（These）glassworksareneartherailwaystation.（這些玻璃廠在火

車站附近。）

10）all,most,half,restof看of后面的詞，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞

用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：

Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.

Allofthewaterisgone.

11）在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：

Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.

2.由連接詞連接的名詞作主語

1）用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Plasticsandrubberneverrot.

Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.

2）當(dāng)主語后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,

like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto

等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由引導(dǎo)詞前面的主語而定。如：

Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.

3）以or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等連接的名詞（代

詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：

Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.

Eitheryouorheistogo.

3.代詞作主語

1）關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的

數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.

Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.

2）疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表

達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.

Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.

Whatproduce(s)heat?

4.分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語

1)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)十名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“alotof,lotsofplentyof,a

largequantityof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語

中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短

語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如：

Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.

Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.

Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.

和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”謂語用復(fù)數(shù)譯為大量，許

多，thenumberof中心詞是number,謂語用單數(shù)，譯為…的數(shù)量

Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.

Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：(large)quantities

of……不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.

短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大量”；insmallquantities意為

“少量”。

2)agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，

謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，

謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.

Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.

3)表示數(shù)量的。neandahalf后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主

語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：

Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.

5.名詞化的形容詞作主語

如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù),

這類詞有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,

thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,the

unemployed等；

Theblindstudyinspecialschools.

Thepoorliveinaundevelepedcountry

6.從句作主語

1）由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時,

謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之，單數(shù)。例如：

Whatweneedismoretime.

Whatweneedaredoctors.

1.ThreediedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.

A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeople

C.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples

2.Eitheryouorthepresidenttheprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthe

meeting.

A.ishandingoutB.aretohandout

C.arehandingoutD.istohandout

3.1,whoyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008inBeijingofChina,which

knowntousall.

A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;was

C.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is

5.TherealotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep

up.

A.were;itB.are;them

C.was;itD.is;them

6.Threemilliontonsofcoaleveryyearinthecity.

A.isexploitedB.areexploited

C.hadexploitedD.haveexploited

7.StoriesoftheLongMarchpopularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

8.Mathematicsthelanguageofscience.

A.areB.aregoingtobe

C.isD.istobe

9.Bothriceandwheatgrowninourcountry.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

10.eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?

A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is

11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed_______goodbooks.

A.isB.areC.haveD.has

12.ThewholefamilyTVattentively.

A.arewatchingB.iswatching

C.isseeingD.areseeing

13.Nothingbutseveralglassesboughtbymyfatherthedaybefore

yesterday.

A.wasB.were

C.havebeenD.wouldbe

14.Atthebusstopasoldierandtwoyoung

peopleontheirwaytothevillage.

A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits

15.Iflawandorder,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.

A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreserved

C.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved

16.Therelittlechangeinthatmiddleschool.

A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen

17.Whatsuchasunsetisstrangetousall.

A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that

18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearthssurfacewithwater.

A.iscoveredB.iscovering

C.werecoveredD.arecovered

19.Thefollowingsomeothermentaldiseases.

A.beingB.areC.wasD.were

20.NotonlyyoubutalsoIabletohelphimout.

A.areB.isC.amD.were

21."TheKites”usastoryofthekiteshistory.

A.havetoldB.tells

C.weretoldD.wastold

22.YouandItwinsisters.

A.wereB.areC.isD.am

23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacherussomethingabout

volunteerworkers.

A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregiven

24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbishoveralargeperiodoftime.

A.rotsawayB.rotaway

C.hasrottedawayD.arerottedaway

25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkersthenewly-builtstadium.

A.iscleaningB.arecleaning

C.werecleaningD.havecleaned

26.ManyastudentsomethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.

A.haveknownB.knows

C.isknownD.areknown

27.Thedefenceworksbuiltlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.

A.wereB.hasbeen

C.hadbeenD.was

28.44Haveyouallstudiedthepassage'UsingtheMindagainstDisease'?"

“，，

A.NobodyofushasB.Nobodyofushave

C.NoneofushasD.Noneofusdid

29.AgroupofItaliansoldiersquicklytowardstheirposition.

A.wereadvancingB.wereadvanced

C.wasadvancingD.advancing

30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoungsportsandgames.

A.isenjoyB.wereenjoying

C.enjoysD.enjoy

1.解析：選B.hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s

2.解析：選D.當(dāng)either-or連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人

稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生

的動作。

3.解析：選A.who為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I,所以謂語

動詞要用am.

4.解析：選D.主語theOlympicGames意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第

三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞

要用單數(shù)形式。

5.解析：選C.therebe句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，alotof

rubbish（不可數(shù)名詞），因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。

6.解析：選A.主語為coal,是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。

7.解析：選A.主語StoriesoftheLongMarch是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人

稱單數(shù)形式。

8.解析：選C.此處mathematics為學(xué)科名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用第三

人稱單數(shù)形式。

9.解析：選B.both--and…連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用非第

三人稱單數(shù)形式。

10.解析：選C.either是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數(shù)上保持

一致。

11.解析：選B.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)后面的名詞

的數(shù)來決定，此處要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

12.解析：選A.此處指：家里的各個成員，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單

數(shù)形式。

13.解析：選A.此處nothing句子的主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

14.解析:選A.此句為倒裝句，句子的主語是asoldierandtwoyoungpeople.

15.解析：選B.此處主語lawandorder指的是同一個概念，所以謂語動詞

要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式.

16.解析：選D.此處therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語littlechange是不可數(shù)名詞。

17.解析：選C.本句是主語從句，缺謂語，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

18.解析：選A.本句缺謂語，主語percent后面是不可數(shù)名詞，所以要用第

三人稱單數(shù)形式。

19.解析：選B.本句的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單

數(shù)形。

20.解析：選C.根據(jù)就近一致性原則，謂語用am.

21.解析：選B.本句的主語是書名，從整體考慮，謂語是第三人稱單數(shù)形。

22.解析：選B.用and連接兩個并列主語時，謂語用非第三人稱單數(shù)形.

23.解析：選B.本句主語是同一個人，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

24.解析：選B.本句主語是tons,是復(fù)數(shù)形式，rot是不及物動詞，不可用被

動形式。

25.解析：選A.本句主語Mayor是單數(shù)形式，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

26.解析：選B.主語manyastudent意思是復(fù)數(shù)，形式是單數(shù)。謂語動詞要

用第三人稱單數(shù)形。

27.解析：選D.主語works是集合名詞，當(dāng)成整體考慮，謂語動詞要用第

三人稱單數(shù)形。Longago表示過去.

28.解析：選C.因為問句是完成時態(tài)，答句要用完成時態(tài)回答，另外主語不

可用nobodyofus.

29.解析：選A.主語agroupof在本句中表示具體每個人。

30.解析：選C.本句主語是不定代詞everyone,為單數(shù)主語，謂語動詞要用

第三人稱單數(shù)形。

練習(xí)：主謂一致

1.1,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyour

English.-

A.amB.is

C.areD.be

2.Therichnotalwayshappy.

A.areB.isC

.hasD.have

3.NeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.

A.areB.amC.is

D.was

4.MaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.

A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.

studiesD.study

5.NeithermyfathernorIathome.

A.amB.isC.

areD.be

6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothof

usgoodpainters.,

A.are;areB.am;amC.ani;

areD.is;is

7.Every,boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.

A.wishB.wishes

C.islikeD.like

8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.

A.wasB.isC.

wouldbeD.are

9.ThepopulationofChina___largerthanthatof.anyother

countryintheworld.

A.isB.are

C.hasD.have

10.Everymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.

A.havebeenB.istobeC.areto

beD.hasbeen

11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.

A.waspunishedB.punishedC.were

punishedD.beingpunished

12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor___askedtoattend

the.meetingthisafternoon.

A.isB.was

C.areD.isbeing

13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor.

A.isanoldmanB.

arebotholdmen

C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwo

Chinese

14.Thereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.

A.areB.isC.h

asD.have

15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclassgirls.

A.areB.

wasC.isD.be

16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesmuch

ifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.

A.doesn'tchangeB.don't

changeC.changeD.changed

17.TheArabianNightswellknowntotheEnglish.

A.isB.

areC.wasD.were

18.ChairmanMao'sworkspublished.

A.hasbeenB.have

beenC.wasD.is

19.Achemicalworksbuiltthere.

A.istobeingB.havebeenC.were

toD.hasbeen

20.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.

A.is;fourB.are;fourC.isjfive

D.are;five

21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemost

developedcountriesintheworld.

A.isB.areC.was

D.were

22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswhoelected.

A.

areB.haveC.has

D.is

23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.

A.haveB.hasC.

havebeenD.hasbeen

24.Manyamancometohelpus.

A.haveB.hasC.is

D.are

25."Allpresentandallgoingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;is

D.is;are

26.Thepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenly

appearedinatheatre.

A.issearchingforB.

weresearchingfor

C.aresearchingforD.

weresearching

27.Yourtrousersdirty.Youmusthavewashed.

A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;the

mD.is;them

28.Thispairoftrouseistoolongforhim.

A.isB.beC.are

D.were

29.Oneandahalfbananasleftonthetable.

A.isB.areC.has

D.have

30.Eighttimeseightsixty-four.

A.isB.areC

.getD.equal

31.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.

A.seemsB.seemC.seemed

D.seemes

32.ofthemoneynmout.

A.Three-fifth;hasB.

Three-fifth;hasbeen

C.Three-fifths;hasD.

Three-fifths;have

33.Thewholeclasstheteacherattentively.

A.arelistening

toB.i；listeningto

C.are

listeningD.

islistening

34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich

moredifficult.

A.isB.areC.was

D.were

35.Betweenthetworowsoftreestheteachingbuilding.

A.standB.standsC.

standingD.are

36.Largequantitiesofwaterforirrigation.

A.isneededB.has-neededC.are

neededD.need

37.Thattheywerewronginthesemattersnowcleartous

all.

A.

isB.wasC.a

reD.all

38.Whatweneedgoodtextbooks.

A.isB.areC.have

D.has

39.Whatyousaidjustnowthematterwearediscussing.

A.havesomethingtoatB.

hassomethingtodowith

C.hadsomethingtodowithD.has

beensomethingtodowith

40.Morethanonememberagainsttheplan.

A.

isB.areC.has

D.have

41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.

A.hasnot

decidedB.isnot

decided

C.arenot

decidedD.havenot

decided

42.Halfofthefruitbad.

A.areB.

hasC.isD.

have

43.eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?

A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is

44.Mathematicsthelanguageofscience.

A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istob