高中英語高考語法知識復(fù)習(xí)（物主代詞+人稱代詞）

高考英語語法知識復(fù)習(xí)

一、物主代詞

(一)物主代詞的各種不同意思

(1)Helookedathiswatch(=thewatchownedorusedbyhim).(表示所有關(guān)系，

即屬于他，也可表示作者、擬定者等)

Ireadhisnovel(=thenovelheboughtorwrote.)

Howaboutyourplan(=theplanyoumade)?

Thebookhaslostitscover(=thecoverasapartofit).

Idonotdoubthishonesty(=thehonestyasoneofhisqualities).

(2)Ireadhisstatement.(whathestated)(用在表示動(dòng)作的名詞前，說明是誰的

動(dòng)作)

Hewaitedformyarrival.(Iarrived.)

Wemustworkharduntilourdeath.(Wedie.)

(3)Hehastenedtomyassistance.(Iwasassisted.)(用在一個(gè)表示動(dòng)作的名詞

前，表示動(dòng)作的對象)

Shewishedtoseehimbeforehisexecution.(Hewasexecuted.)

Thehousewasonfirejustafteritscompletion.(Itwascompleted.)

Hisdestruction(orHismurder,Hisappointment)issomethingonecan

expect.(Heisdestroyed,ismurdered,etc.)

(4)Thearmylostitscommander(=themanthatcommandedit).(用作er和-or結(jié)尾

的名詞前，表示“干某事的人”)

Hespoketohisvisitor(=themanwhovisitedhim),histeacher(=themanwho

taughthim),myelectors(=themenwhoelectedme).

(5)Haveyoueverseenhisportrait(orimage,statue,likeness,picture)(=

theportraitrepresentinghim,ortheportraitmadebyhim,etc.)(用在表示圖畫、塑像

等的名詞前,表示“畫的是誰”等等,也可指“誰的作品”)

(6)Herlossisapity.(Shelostsomething,orsheislost.)(用在某些表示動(dòng)作

的名詞前，可有主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)兩種意義。即“丟失某物”或“被丟失”)

Hisloveisunselfish.(Helovessomeone,orislovedbysomeone.)

Histrainingisstrict.(Hetrainsothers,oristrained.)

Histreatmentisunjust.(Hetreatsothers,oristreated.)

(7)Yourinterpretationofitiscorrect.(Youinterpretit.)(在表示動(dòng)作的名詞

后若跟有of引起的短語,則表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系)

Histreatmentofothersisunjust.(Hetreatsothers.)

Herloveofmiceisunusual.(Shelovesmice.)

(8)Whereareyourheroesnow?(這里your帶有鄙視的味道，即“你所謂的”)

Ihateyourpoliticians.

Forquarreling,yourwomenarewithoutequal.

(9)Heraisedhis(notthe)hands.(用在表示身體部位等的名詞前。這時(shí)譯為漢語時(shí)，代

詞常不譯出)

Sherubbedher(notthe)eyes.(她揉了揉眼睛。)

Theyheldtheirbreath.(他們屏住呼吸。)

Hetalkedinhissleep.(他說夢話。)

Johnfoundhiswaytohishotel.(約翰找到了回旅館的路。)

Hetookoffhishat.(他把帽子摘下。)

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Theroomhaditswindowbroken.(房間的窗戶破了。)

(二)用the代替物主代詞的情況

(1)表示說話人客觀態(tài)度。

“Thelegmustbecutoff,“saidthedoctor.

Thefatheristoobusyandthesonisfoolingaround.

(2)表示動(dòng)物身體的一部分:

Thebirdspreadthe(orits)wings.

The(orTheir)furmaybebrownorwhite.

(3)當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞和一個(gè)介詞連用時(shí)，表示身體的一部分(這時(shí)不宜用物主代詞):

Hestruckmeontheshoulder.(不要說myshoulder)

HecaughtJohnbythecollar.(不要說hiscollar)

YouwoundedMaryinthearm.

Heledthecowbythehorn.

Deathstaredhimintheface.

Helookedmestraightbetweentheeyes.

Hekissedherontheforehead.

偶爾也有例外情況,如：

Don，tdragthedeskbyitslegs.

(4)用在某些習(xí)用語中:

Heisarmedtothe(不要說his)teeth.

Heturnedthecoldshoulderto(=neglected)me.(Cf.Heturned

hisbackonme,adeafeartome.)

Hetalkedhimselfredintheface.

Heisdowninthemouth(=sad,dejected).

Thisadvertisementstrikestheeye(=isattractive).

Hegotit(orcaughtit)(=receiveddrubbing)intheneck.

Iknowwheretheshoepinches(=wherethetroubleis).

Weattackedtheenemyintherear(=fromtheback).

Shegaveherbabythebreast(=fedhimwithmilkfromtheteat).

Ihavesaidthelastword.

Hegavethelastfinishtothework.

Ishowedhimthedoor(=requiredhimtoleavebecausehewasunwelcome).

(三)物主代詞被省略的情況

在某些詞組中物主代詞可用可不用，意思不變:

Ifeltat(my)ease.

Ilost(my)patience.

Hetook(his)leave.

Heisalwaysbehind(his)time(=late).

有時(shí)可用可不用，但意思不同:

Hekept(=lookedafler)house.

Hekept(=wasconfinedto)thehouse.

Ishalllivehereforlife(=forever).

Ishallrememberhimformylife(whichhehassaved).

Itisworthyourwhile(=financiallyprofitable).

Itisworthwhile(=beneficialinageneralsense).

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(四)在下面情況下物主代詞不可省略

Thisisapictureofmydrawing(=drawnbyme).

Ihaveseenahouseofhisbuilding(=builtbyhim).

Iwilltreatyoutofishofmyowncooking(=cookedbymyself).

(五)在和some,most,all等詞連用時(shí)，

根據(jù)包括誰來決定用什么代詞

Some(orMost,All,None)ofushavedonetheir(whenthespeakeris

notincluded)best,our(whenthespeakerisincluded)best.

Some(orMost,All,None)ofyouhavedonetheir(oryour)best.

Eachone(orEveryone,Somebody,Nobody)hasdonehis(orher,their)best.(最

好說Allofthem,Someofthem,Noneofthemhavedonetheirbest.)

(六)在某些習(xí)慣用法中

ofme,ofhim這類結(jié)構(gòu)比用物主代詞時(shí)更多

Shewillbethedeathofme(而不是bemydeath)(=killme).

Thisbusinessmaybetheruinofhim(而不是behisruin)(=ruinhim).

Ican，tforthelifeofme(alsocan'tformylife)(=cannever)understanda

woman?但是:Iranformylife.

Ican，tforthesoulofme(=1cannever)doanything.

Ihatethesightofher(=toseeher).但是：Shelosthersight(=herpowerof

seeing).

Icanseeeverypartofhim,everyinchofhim,thewholeofhim.

rveneverseenthelikeofit(=anythingsostrange).

rveneverseenthelikeofhim.

Thesituationis,ontheface(ofit)(=asitappears),verypeaceful.

Undercoverofit(oftheplot),hecancheatmanypeople.

Attheendofit(oftheparty),weleftforhome.

Inspiteofhimwecontinuedourjourney.

Insteadofher,Johncame.(Shedidnotcome.)但是:Johnworksinherstead(=

forherinsomeposition).

Welookedinfrontofus.

Someonestoodatthebackof(=behind)him.但是：Someonestoodat

hisback(=supportedhim).

Thesecondplayofhis(如后面有定語從句，這樣說Hissecondplay要好一點(diǎn))thatwas

presentedmetwithsuccess.

二、人稱代詞

（一）人稱代詞的分類

1.人稱代詞有3種人稱和2個(gè)數(shù)。

I用來代表說話的人，可說是第一人稱;

you表示談話的對象，可說是第二人稱;

he,she,il表示所談的人或物，為第三人稱。

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Lyou(你)，he,she,it為單數(shù)。

we,you(你們)，they為復(fù)數(shù)。

2.每個(gè)人稱代詞，不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都有5種形式：

(1)如果是主語，要用主格形式(I,she,it等):

Isawher.

Shesawme.

Itastonishedthem.

(2)如果是賓語，要用賓格形式形e,her,it等)：

Shesawme.

Isawher.

Theylookedatit.

(3)如果是表示所有，要用所有格形式(my,her,its等):

Thisismyhouse.

Marybroughtherumbrella.

Thedogwaggeditstail.在這種代詞前可加own來加以強(qiáng)調(diào)，表示為某人自己的，而

非任何別人的。

Thisismyown(=my,andnotanyother's)house.

Marybroughtherownumbrella.

(4)如果所有格(物主)代詞所修飾的名詞剛剛提到過，可以用其絕對形式

(mine,hers,its等)，以避免重復(fù)前面的名詞，它的意思等于“物主代詞+前面剛提過的

名詞”：

ThatisMary'shouse,andthisismine(=myhouse).

Ileftmyumbrellaathome,butMarybroughthers(=herumbrella)withher.

(5)如果賓語和主語表示同一人或物,可用自身代詞的形式(或稱反身代詞)

(myself,herself,itself等):

Ihatemyself.

Shelooksatherselfinthemirror.

Thematterspeaksforitself.

這種自身代詞也可用來強(qiáng)調(diào)前面的名詞或代詞，這時(shí)可稱為強(qiáng)調(diào)自身代詞:

Imyself(=I,andnobodyelse)willdoit.

Maryherselfmadethedress.

Confuciushimself(=EvenConfucius)wasnotwithoutfaults.

Ihaveneverseenmyfatherhimself.

所有格所有格

人稱性數(shù)主格賓格（物主）（絕對形式）自身代詞

單Imemy(own)minemyself

1普通復(fù)weusour(own)oursourselves

單youyouyour(own)yoursyourself

2普通復(fù)youyouyour(own)yoursyourselves

單thoutheethy(own)thinethyself

古形式復(fù)yeyouyour(own)yoursyourselves

單hehimhis(own)hishimself

陽復(fù)theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves

單sheherher(own)hersherself

3陰復(fù)theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves

單ititits(own)itsitself

中復(fù)theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves

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（二）人稱代詞的用法

1.主格人稱代詞

a.指一般人：

(1)We(指一般人，也包括講話的人)donotseeourownfaults.

(2)You(=one,指——般人)cannotdotwothingsatatime.

Youmust(orshould,oughtto)keepquietinsuchaplace.(可和must等詞連用，也

指一般人，但欠客氣。)

Youall(orpeople,folks,fellers,guys,men)(指大家)willbeinvited.

(3)HewhoorHethat(=Anypersonwho)workshardwillsucceed.

ShewhoorShethatmarriesafortunemarriesmisery.

ThosewhoorThosethat(=Peoplewho)