手機中的傳感器傳感器與檢測技術(shù)

《傳感器與檢測技術(shù)》傳感器的應(yīng)用—手機中的傳感器01引入語Introduction02基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用Basicapplication03戶外應(yīng)用Outdoorapplication04健康應(yīng)用Healthapplication05支付應(yīng)用Paymentapplication06結(jié)束語SummaryContents引入語

Introduction014隨著科技的進步，智能手機已經(jīng)成為我們社交、娛樂、學習和工作中不可缺少的工具，極大的方便和豐富了我們的生活。而良好的人機交互離不開手機中的傳感器，接下來我們就來扒一扒我們身邊這個最熟悉的陌生人，看看手機中都有哪些常用的的傳感器。Sensor引入語Introduction基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用

Foreword02基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用6

陀螺儀的工作原理是角動量守恒，一個正在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的物體，它的旋轉(zhuǎn)軸沒有受到外力影響時，旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的指向是不會有任何改變的。陀螺儀就是以這個原理作為依據(jù)，用它來保持一定方向的。1、陀螺儀7Basicapplication

Theworkingprincipleofgyroscopeistheconservationofangularmomentum.Whentherotatingaxisofahigh-speedrotatingobjectisnotaffectedbyexternalforces,thedirectionoftherotatingaxiswillnotchange.Thegyroscopeisbasedonthisprincipletomaintainacertaindirection.基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用8

許多智能手機都配置有溫度傳感器，有的還不止一個。用以監(jiān)測手機內(nèi)部和電池的溫度。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)某一部件溫度過高，手機就會關(guān)機，防止手機損壞。手機中的溫度傳感器也能檢測外界空氣中的溫度變化，甚至是用戶當前的體溫。2、溫度傳感器9Basicapplication

Manysmartphonesareequippedwithtemperaturesensors,somearemorethanone.Itisusedtomonitorthetemperatureinsidethecellphoneandthebattery.Ifthetemperatureofacomponentisfoundtoohigh,thecellphonewillbeshutdowntopreventdamageofthecellphone.Thetemperaturesensorsinmobilephonescanalsodetecttemperaturechangesintheoutside,eventheuser'scurrentbodytemperature.基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用10

當你在通話時，把手機放到耳邊屏幕就會熄滅，這就是距離傳感器在發(fā)揮作用，一是為了省電，二是為了防止臉部造成屏幕誤觸。它的原理是紅外LED燈發(fā)射紅外線，被近距離物體反射后，紅外探測器通過接收到紅外線的強度，測定距離。3、距離傳感器11Basicapplication

Whenyouareonthephone,thescreenwillbeextinguishedbyputtingthecellphonebyyourear.Thisisthefunctionofthedistancesensors.Oneistosaveelectricity,theotheristopreventthescreenfrommistaketouchingonyourface.ItsprincipleisthattheinfraredLEDlampemitsinfraredrays,whicharereflectedbyobjectsincloserange,andtheinfrareddetectormeasuresthedistancebyreceivingtheintensityofinfraredrays.基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用12我們在室內(nèi)外使用手機的時候，常常由于光線的不同，手機會自動調(diào)節(jié)亮度，這里就用到了光線傳感器。光線傳感器用于調(diào)節(jié)屏幕背光的亮度，白天提高屏幕亮度，夜晚降低屏幕亮度。光線傳感器的工作原理是光敏三極管，接受外界光線時，會產(chǎn)生強弱不等的電流，從而感知環(huán)境光亮度。4、光線傳感器13Basicapplication

Thelightsensorisusedtoadjustthebrightnessofthescreenbacklight,improvingthebrightnessofthescreenduringtheday,andreducingthebrightnessofthescreenatnight.Theworkingprincipleoflightsensorisphotosensitivetriode.Whenreceivingexternallight,itwillgeneratedifferentcurrents,soastoperceivethebrightnessoftheenvironment.戶外應(yīng)用

Outdoorapplication

03戶外應(yīng)用15

磁場傳感器由異性磁致電阻材料構(gòu)成，這些材料感受到微弱的磁場變化時，會導(dǎo)致自身電阻產(chǎn)生變化，輸出的電壓就會改變，就可以以此判斷出地磁場的朝向。磁場傳感器主要用于手機指南針、輔助導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，通常使用前需要手機旋轉(zhuǎn)或者搖晃幾下才能準確指示磁場方向。1、磁場傳感器16Outdoorapplication

Themagneticfieldsensoriscomposedofhetero-magnetoresistivematerials.Whenthesematerialsfeelthechangesofweakmagneticfield,theywillchangetheirresistance,andtheoutputvoltagewillchange,sothatthedirectionofthegeomagneticfieldcanbejudged.Themagneticfieldsensorismainlyusedinmobilecompassandauxiliarynavigationsystem.Itusuallyneedstorotateorshakethemobilephoneseveraltimesbeforeitcanaccuratelyindicatethedirectionofthemagneticfield.戶外應(yīng)用17

GPS傳感器主要作用是通過天線來接收到衛(wèi)星的坐標信息幫用戶定位。隨著4G和5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)普及，除了應(yīng)用在地圖、導(dǎo)航、測速測距上，GPS被應(yīng)用在更多場景，比如與智能硬件配合實現(xiàn)遠程定位監(jiān)控或設(shè)備丟失后定位查找等。2、GPS傳感器18Outdoorapplication

ThemainfunctionofGPSsensoristoreceivecoordinateinformationofsatellitethroughantennawhichhelpsuserslocate.Withthepopularizationof4Gand5Gnetworks,GPShasbeenappliedinmorescenariosbesidesmaps,navigation,speedmeasurementandranging,suchasremotepositionmonitoringwithintelligenthardwareorlocatingandsearchingafterequipmentloss.健康應(yīng)用

Healthapplication

04健康應(yīng)用20

心率傳感器在穿戴設(shè)備中比較常見，其原理是用高亮度LED光源照射手指，當心臟將新鮮的血液壓入毛細血管時，亮度呈現(xiàn)如波浪般的周期性變化，通過攝像頭快速捕捉這一有規(guī)律變化的間隔，再通過手機內(nèi)應(yīng)用換算，從而判斷出心臟的收縮頻率。1、心率傳感器21Healthapplication

Heartratesensorsiscommoninwearingequipment.Itsprincipleistoirradiatefingerswithhigh-brightnessLEDlightsource.Whentheheartpushesfreshbloodintocapillaries,thebrightnesschangesperiodicallylikewaves.Theregularlychangingintervalcanbecapturedquicklybythecamera,andthenthecontractionfrequencyoftheheartcanbejudgedbytheapplicationofconversioninthemobilephone.支付應(yīng)用

Paymentapplication

05支付應(yīng)用23

指紋識別功能已經(jīng)成為智能手機的標配。目前手機指紋識別技術(shù)有兩種，一種是電容指紋傳感器，其原理是手指構(gòu)成電容的一極，另一極是硅晶片陣列，通過人體帶有的微電場與電容傳感器間形成微電流，指紋的波峰波谷與感應(yīng)器之間的距離形成電容高低差，從而描繪出指紋圖像。1、指紋識別24Paymentapplication

Fingerprintrecognitionhasbecomethestandardofsmartphones.Atpresent,therearetwokindsoffingerprintidentificationtechnologyformobilephones.Oneiscapacitivefingerprintsensor.Itsprincipleisthatfingerconstitutesonepoleofcapacitanceandtheotherissiliconwaferarray.Itformsmicro-currentbetweentheelectricfieldandcapacitivesensor,andthedistancebetweenthepeakandvalleyoffingerprintandinductorformsthedifferenceofcapacitance,thusitdepictsfingerprintimage.25

超聲波指紋傳感器，其原理是直接掃描并測繪指紋紋理，甚至連毛孔都能測繪出來。因此超聲波獲得的指紋是3D立體的。超聲波不僅識別速度更快、而且不受汗水油污的干擾、指紋細節(jié)更豐富，難以破解。2、超聲波指紋識別支付應(yīng)用26PaymentapplicationTheultrasonicfingerprintsensor,whoseprincipleistoscanandmapthefingerprinttexturedirectly,eventheporecanbemapped.Therefore,thefingerprintswhichobtainedbyultrasoundarethree-dimensional.Ultrasoundcannotonlyidentifyfaster,butalsobefreefromtheinterferenceofsweatandoilpollution.Fingerprintdetailsaremoreabundantanddifficulttocrack.支付應(yīng)用27

除了指紋識別，虹膜識別近幾年也發(fā)展迅速。人眼的虹膜比指紋更復(fù)雜，因此手機解鎖采用虹膜識別更加安全。用戶只需先通過專用App拍攝眼球，將眼部虹膜圖案登錄到終端上，從此便可安全使用。相信在未來，虹膜識別會將成為大家支付錢包、銀行卡、開門鑰匙、通關(guān)證件等，開啟了新一代的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)身份認證方式。3、虹膜識別28Paymentapplication

Theirisofhumaneyesismorecomplexthanfingerprints,soitissafe