2021年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)必修5 Unit 3 Life in the future-B卷

必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture（B卷）滾動(dòng)提升檢測(cè)(全卷共四大題，滿分100分。請(qǐng)?jiān)?0分鐘內(nèi)完成)班級(jí)____________學(xué)號(hào)____________姓名____________得分____________一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)AWhatwillmanbelikeinthefuture—in5000oreven50000yearsfromnow?Wecanonlymakeaguess,ofcourse,butwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistoday.Formanisslowlychangingallthetime.Letustakeanobviousexample.Man,evenfivehundredyearsago,wasshorterthanheistoday.Now,onaverage,menareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshortperiodoftime,sowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Again,inthemodernworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evenso,westillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain’scapacity(容量).Astimegoeson,however,weshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmore,andeventuallyweshallneedlargerones.Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetothehead,inparticulartheforehead,willgrowlarger.Nowadaysoureyesareinconstantuse.Infact,weusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoververylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman’seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhand,wetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.These,asaresult,arelikelytogrowweaker.Atthesametime,however,ourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodernlife.Butwhatabouthair?Itwillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.Inthefuture,then,bothsexesarelikelytobebald.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat.Thismaywellbetrue.Allthesame,inspiteofallthesechanges,futuremanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeing,withthoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat_________.A.man’slifewillbedifferentinthefutureB.futuremanwilllookquitedifferentfromusC.manisgrowingtalleranduglierastimepassesD.thefunctionsofman’sorganswillweaken2.Whatservesastheevidencethatmanischanging?A.Manhasgotstrongereyesnowthanheeverhad.B.Man’shairisgettingthinnerandthinner.C.Man’sarmsandlegshavebecomelighterandweaker.D.Manhasbeengrowingtalleroverthepast500years.3.Thechangeinman’ssizeofforeheadisprobablybecause_________.A.hemakesuseonly20%ofthebrain’scapacityB.hisbrainhasgrownlargeroverthepastcenturiesC.theother80%ofhisbrainwillgrowinduetimeD.hewillusehisbrainmoreandmoreastimegoeson4.Whatistrueaboutahumanbeinginthefuture?A.Heishairlessbecausehairisnolongeruseful.B.Hehassmallereyesandwearsbetterglasses.C.Hisfingerswillbeweakerashedoesn’tusethem.D.Hethinksandfeelsindifferentway.5.Whatmaybeimpliedfromthepassage?A.humanbeingswillbecomelessattractiveinthefuture.B.lessuseofabodilyorganmayleadtoitsdegeneration.C.humanbeingshopeforachangeinthefuturelife.D.futurelifeisalwayspredictable.[助讀詞匯]degenerationn.退化assumevt.假定；臆斷sensitiveadj.敏感的relativelyadv.相對(duì)地foreheadn.前額baldadj.禿頭的bringabout導(dǎo)致inparticular尤其；特別inconstantuse一直在使用tendto趨向incourseoftime終有一天bothsexes兩性BImagineputtingaseedinafreezer,waiting30,000years,andthentakingtheseedoutandplantingit.Doyouthinkaflowerwouldgrow?Amazingly,scientistshavejustmanagedtodosomethingverysimilar.TheyfoundthefruitofanancientplantthathadbeenfrozenundergroundinSiberia—aregioncoveringcentralandeasternRussia—forabout31,800years.Usingpiecesofthefruit,thescientistsgrewplantsinalab.Thenewbloomshavedelicatewhitepetals(花瓣).Theyarealsotheoldestfloweringplantsthatresearchershaveeverrevivedfromadeepfreeze.“Thisislikeregeneratingadinosaurfromtissuesofanancientegg,”saidUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesbiologistJaneShen-Miller.Theplanthasalonghistory.Backwhenmammoths(猛犸象)andwoollyrhinoceroses(犀牛)walkedtheland,anArcticgroundsquirrelburiedseedsandfruitsinanundergroundchamberneartheKolymaRiverinnortheasternSiberia.Thegroundbecamepermafrost(永久凍土),alayerofsoilthatstaysfrozenforalongtime.Recently,Russianscientistsdugouttheoldsquirrelholeandfoundtheplantremains38metersbelowthesurface.Backatthelab,theteamfednutrientstotissuefromthreeofthefruitstogrowshoots.Thenthescientiststransferredtheshootstopotsfilledwithsoil.Theplantsproducedseedsthatcouldbeusedtogrowevenmoreofthem.It’simportantforscientiststoknowthatplanttissuescanstillberevivedafterbeingfrozenforalongtime.That’sbecausemanyresearchersaretryingtopreservetheseedsofmodernplantsbyfreezingthemandthenstoringthemingiantlockersatvariousspotsaroundtheglobe.Onesuchendeavor(努力),anundergroundfacilityinNorway,iscalledtheSvalbardGlobalSeedVault.Itstoreshundredsofthousandsoffrozenseeds.Ifaplantevergoesextinct,scientistscouldbringitbackbytakingitsseedsfromtheSvalbardorotherstoragelockers.“Nooneknowshowlongtheyareabletolivefor,butfreezingisbasicallytheformatformanyplantconservationattemptsnowadays.”Shen-Millersaid.It’sagoodthingthatatleastsomeplantsaretoughenoughtosurvivetheexperience.1.Howdidthefruitoriginallygetunderground?A.Itwasplacedtherebyananimal.B.Itwastrappedthereduringtheice-age.C.Itwasplantedtherebyancientfarmers.D.Itwasburiedthereaftertheearthquake.2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTusedtorecreatetheancientplant?A.Modernnutrients. B.Partsofitsfruit.C.Itsfrozenseeds. D.Plantpotswithsoil.3.Whyarescientistsinterestedinthisdiscovery?A.Ithelpsthemlearnhowplantlifehaschangedinthepast30,000years.B.Itcanhelpguidefutureeffortstoprotectendangeredplant-life.C.Itcanprovidedirectionsforwheretolookforotherancientplants.D.Itprovesthatallplantlifecansurviveforthousandsofyearswhenfrozen.4.Theunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto_______.A.plants B.seeds C.scientists D.storagelockers5.Thepurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.discussaplantconservationeffortB.introducesomeancientplantsC.outlinesomecausesofglobalwarmingD.describeascientificresearchproject[助讀詞匯]seedn.種子freezern.冷凍庫bloomn.花delicateadj.精美的revivevt.使復(fù)活regeneratevt.使再生tissuen.組織squirreln.松鼠shootn.新芽；嫩芽formatn.格式；方式toughadj.堅(jiān)韌的storagelocker儲(chǔ)藏庫anundergroundchamber地下洞二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)Thelandaccountsforonly29%oftheearth’ssurface.The1isthevastocean,accountingforaround71%.Whenthelandbecomestoo2,wemayonedaymovetothe3.Canyou4travelingtoworkinaone-mansubmarine(潛水艇)?Somescientistsbelievethatsomedayone-man5willbeasmanyasautomobilesaretoday.AfamousFrenchdriversays,“Onedaysoon,menwillwalkonthe6floorastheydoonthe7!”Perhapsduringyourlifetimepeoplewilltravel,8andliveinthesea.Ifhumanbeingswanttoliveintheocean,manyhuman9willneedtobestudiedfirst.Someoftheseproblems,10tothoseoflivinginouterspace,are11,lackofoxygenandweightlessness.Manyquestionsarestill12.Forexample,canourbloodmakeitself13forunderwatersurroundings?Whatwillhappentoourmuscleifweliveinthe14verylong?Scientistsarelookingfor15.Perhapsinthefuturemanwillliveinthesea,awayfromthe16andnoisycitiesonland.Thenseahasplentyof17,notonlyforfloatingliving18andparks,butalsoforstoringsuppliesandforunderwatertravel.Somescientistsbelievethatoceanlivingwill19maninmorethanphysicalways.Inthefreedomandbeautyofthedeepsea,manmayevenfindnew20ofjoy.Let’swaitandseeandlookforwardtotheday.1.A.partB.endC.restD.lack2.A.crowdedB.largeC.splendidD.dark3.A.skyB.spaceC.seaD.bottom4.A.supposeB.imagineC.avoidD.adapt5.A.transports B.bicycles C.spaceships D.submarines6.A.land B.capsule C.ocean D.continent7.A.earth B.street C.desert D.carriage8.A.work B.guide C.tolerate D.adjust9.A.aspects B.problems C.surroundings D.settlements10.A.different B.optimistic C.efficient D.similar11.A.impressionB.tolerance C.pressure D.motivation12.A.unexpectedB.unansweredC.unseen D.unadjusted13.A.fit B.effectiveC.movable D.smooth14.A.water B.space C.mud D.ecology15.A.materialsB.mysteries C.answers D.disposals16.A.loud B.comfortable C.enormous D.crowded17.A.sea B.space C.air D.sand18.A.buildingsB.goods C.conditions D.combinations19.A.destroy B.swallow C.exhaust D.benefit20.A.impressionsB.situationsC.approachesD.sources[助讀詞匯]oxygenn.氧氣musclen.肌肉floatingadj.漂浮的physicaladj.身體的sourcen.來源automobilen.汽車weightlessnessn.失重storesupplies儲(chǔ)存物資三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)Oneevening,Icameacrossoneofson’spaperswithafailinggrade.Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname____1____Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep.Itwashis____2____(nine)yearofschoolandhisacademiccareerseemedtobeinruins,soIwasangry.ButIputthepaperasideandturnedtothe____3____one,atthetopofwhichwerewritten“Mydad”.Itwasapoemaboutme,____4____includedthetimeIhadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe____5____(break)hisfinger.SocarelesswasI____6____Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand____7____goodmanyotherthings.Thatpaperwassuddenlynotnearlyasimportantasithadbeenafewminutes____8____.Idon’tknowifheplantedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto____9____(soft)theblow,butitworked.Insteadofaseverelecture,Italkedtohimaboutthepoemaswellasthefailedhomework,anditbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong____10____constructivecriticism.[助讀詞匯]yellvt.叫喊；大喊wrestlevi.摔跤plantvt.放（=place）blown.打擊severeadj.嚴(yán)厲的praisen.表揚(yáng)afailinggrade不及格分?jǐn)?shù)academiccareer學(xué)習(xí)生涯makesense有道理constructivecriticism建設(shè)性批評(píng)四、短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Mymotherland,China,whichcapitalisBeijing,isagreatcountrywithalonghistoryandrichculture.ItwaslocatedintheeastofAsia,withtheareaof9,600,000squarekilometersandapopulationof1.4billion.Ourcountryconsistsin56nationalities,amongwhichtheHanEthinicGroupisthelargest,makesup94%ofthepeople.TherearemanybeautifulmountainsandriversaswellrichnaturalresourcesinChina.Asweallknow,theYangtzeRiveristhethreelongestriverintheworld,andtheGreatWallisoneofthesevenwonderintheworld.TheChinesepeoplearehard-workingandbraver.GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinainthepast20years.必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture（B卷）滾動(dòng)提升檢測(cè)參考答案一、閱讀理解(A)本文主要介紹未來人類的外貌變化。1.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的…butwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistoday.可知答案選B。A項(xiàng)與文章中心不符；C項(xiàng)不具備概括性；D項(xiàng)器官功能衰退不能概括未來人類身體的變化。2.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段的第二句Man,evenfivehundredyearsago,wasshorterthanheistoday.便是人類外貌逐漸變化的依據(jù)。而A、B、C均是人類未來的變化趨勢(shì)，而不是人類變化的證據(jù)。3.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Astimegoeson,however,weshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmore…needlargerones.…inparticulartheforehead,willgrowlarger.不難知道選D。4.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Itwillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.可推知A項(xiàng)正確。其他選項(xiàng)均與文意不符或歪曲文意。從第四段man’seyeswillgrowstronger可知B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段ourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodernlife.可知C不正確；再由文章最后一句…withthoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.可知D也不正確。因此選A。5.B推理判斷題。從文章第三段至第六段人類身體變化可以看出，經(jīng)常使用的器官部位，如大腦、眼睛、手指將變得發(fā)達(dá)。而不常用的器官會(huì)退化。故選B合適。A項(xiàng)在文章最后一段futuremanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreature直接提到，不能算作推理判斷。C和D無法從原文中推斷出來。(切記：推理判斷題不能是文章的直接細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)，必須是根據(jù)文章的信息推理出來的結(jié)論。了解這個(gè)規(guī)律對(duì)于提高閱讀理解的命中率有很大的促進(jìn)作用)(B)想象一下在冰箱里放一粒種子，等上幾萬年，然后將種子拿出開始培育它，你相信它還能開花嗎？本文告訴你科學(xué)家開始著手進(jìn)行類似的事。1.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段Backwhenmammothsandwoollyrhinoceroseswalkedtheland,anArcticgroundsquirrelburiedseedsandfruitsinanundergroundchamberneartheKolymaRiverinnortheasternSiberia.可知答案是A。2.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段Backatthelab,theteamfednutrientstotissuefromthreeofthefruitstogrowshoots.Thenthescientiststransferredtheshootstopotsfilledwithsoil.故只有C.Itsfrozenseed不是用來再創(chuàng)建這古代的植物。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可以看出：科學(xué)家建立種子庫是為了將來能夠?qū)缃^的植物恢復(fù)過來，故選B。4.B猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)語境這里的they指代的上文提到的seeds。5.D推理判斷題。全文告訴讀者科學(xué)家在研究將種子儲(chǔ)存起來以保護(hù)瀕臨滅絕的植物，故文章的目的是介紹一個(gè)科研項(xiàng)目。二、完形填空科學(xué)家預(yù)言，在未來人類將遠(yuǎn)離城市生活在海底，但還有很多問題有待解決。1.C由空后的isthevastocean可知此處是指“剩余的是廣闊的海洋”。故選C。2.A根據(jù)后面的wemayonedaymoveto可知，既然要搬到其他地方，那肯定是因?yàn)榈厍蛱珦頂D了。故選A。3.C由下文可知，人類是要搬到海洋去生活。故選C。4.B由下文對(duì)未來的生活的種種想象可知，此題選B。5.D根據(jù)首句的travelingtoworkinaone-mansubmarine可知選D。屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。6.C從第二段的首句Ifhumanbeingswanttoliveintheocean可知。屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容就是講未來人類將生活在海洋底下。故選C最符合語境和文意。7.B根據(jù)文意可知，此處是進(jìn)行對(duì)比，oceanfloor對(duì)應(yīng)street。故選B。8.A斟酌四個(gè)選項(xiàng)和生活常識(shí)可知，此處選A合適。travel,workand