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英語(yǔ)高一下學(xué)期七選五質(zhì)量培優(yōu)試題測(cè)試題ManyregionsinChinahaveintroducedCOVID-19vaccination(接種疫苗)amongchildrenaged3to11.Kidsareencouragedtotakeitandtheprojectisprogressing,whichmightbeimportanttostoppingthespreadofthecoronavirus.____1____Whydochildrengetthesamedosage(劑量)asadults?Whenchildrengetsick,theyaregenerallygivenareduceddosage.ManyparentsareworriedthatthesameCOVID-19vaccinedosagewillbeaburdenonthesmallbody.Sothereisneedforproperdoseinchildren.____2____.Theprocessofvaccinestakingeffecthasnorelationwiththeweightandbodysurfaceareaofthereceiver.Infact,forthemajorityofvaccines,therecommendeddosesforbothbabiesandadultsarethesame.Canchildrenhavefullimmunity(免疫力)afterreceivingtheCOVID-19vaccine?Someparentsdoubtwhethervaccinatingchildrenaged3to11canproducethedueimmuneeffectastheirimmunesystemsarestilldeveloping.Actually,vaccinescanworkexactlythesameinbothchildrenandadults.Thevaccinewillproduceanear100percentimmuneresponseinchildren.____3____SothesamevaccinationstrategyhasbeenadoptedforallagegroupsinChina.____4____Avaccinehastogothroughastrictprocedurebeforebeingwidelyusedinaspecificagegroup.Enoughdataneedtobecollectedtogetemergencyuseorcomeontothemarket.Sothemedicalexperimentshavetobeconsideredinadvance.Chinahascarriedoutaseriesofsuchstudies.Basedonresearchresnlts,theriskofnegativereactionsinchildrenisnohigherthanthatofadults.____5____.Sofarthemostfrequentlyreportedthreenegativereactionsarefever,painandtiredness.Atpresent,thegovernmentisplanningtostudychildrenasyoungas6monthsoldinthefuture.A.Willthevaccineworkonchildrenforever?B.IstheCOVID-19vaccinesafeforchildren?C.Theviruswaseithercarriedbyapersonorwithgoods.D.However,thewaythevaccinesworkdiffersfromthatofotherdrugs.E.Someparentsfindthemselveshavingquestionsaboutthevaccination.F.Thishasalsobeenprovedtrueinmedicalexperimentsondifferentagegroups.G.TheCOVID-19vaccinationforchildrenaged3to11hasbeeninprogressforsometime.ChinawelcomedthreeheroicastronautshomeonApril16.There-entrymodulecarryingastronautstoucheddownsafelyattheDongfengLandingSiteinInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.ThisendedtheShenzhouXIIIastronauts’six-monthspacemission.ThisreturnmarksamajorbreakthroughforChina’seffortsinspace.____6____SpeedrecordThemissionsetanewspeedrecord.TheShenzhouXIIreturncapsulerevolvedaroundtheEarth11timesover24hours.____7____TheShenzhouXIIImissionwassimplifiedtoonlyfiveorbitsandwasdesignedtoreturnmoreefficiently,accordingtotheChineseAcademyofSpaceTechnology.____8____Italsoneededmoreaccurateorbitalcalculations.Thismeantthatwhenthespacecraftseparated,itcouldquicklytargetthelandingarea,calculatethereturnpath,andadjustitsaltitude,WangYa’nan,editor-in-chiefofBeijing-basedAerospaceKnowledgemagazine,toldtheGlobalTimes.TemperaturecontrolAnotherchallengeforastronautsreturningtoEarthistravelingthroughtheatmosphere.Afterthere-entrycapsuleenterstheatmosphere,thereisfiercefrictionwiththeair.____9____Tosolvethisproblem,theresearchersdesignedaheat-resistantcoatingonthesurfaceoftheShenzhouXIIIreturncapsule.Theyalsolaidalayerofaspecialmaterialthattakesawaytheheat.LandingThere-entrycapsulelandeduprightintherightarea.SuchalandingpositionisrareinChina’sspaceflighthistory.____10____Toachievethis,astronautsmustoperateandletgoofparachute(降落傘)withaccuratetiming.Landinguprightistheidealwaytoland,ensuringastronautshavethesoftestlanding,PangZhihao,aspaceflightresearcherinBeijing,toldScienceandTechnologyDaily.A.Wehavemadegreateffortstolandsuccessfullyforyears.B.Let’slookatsomeofthetechnicaldetailsofthemission.C.Somestrategiesmayhelpyoubetterunderstandthemission.D.Thisapproachrequiredmoreprecisecontrolofthespacecraft.E.Thesurfacetemperatureofthecapsulecanreachthousandsofdegrees.F.ShenzhouXIIIshortenedthetimetoabout9hours,orbitingEarthfivetimes.G.Sofar,onlyShenzhouVIandShenzhouXIIIhaveachievedanuprightlanding.Friendshipscanbringjoyorsorrow.____11____,wetalkedtoresearchers,authors,andtherapists(治療師)tolearnhowtomanagethecommonrelationshipweallface.Brokenpromises(違背承諾)Friendsareimportantforourphysicalandhealthbuttheserelationshipsaren’talwayssmoothsailing.____12____.Andamajorwaythishappensisthroughbrokenpromises.Perhapshecanceledplansatthelastminuteorsherefusedtotakepartinanimportantparty.____13____,thefirstthingtodoisrememberthatnooneisperfect,saysJanYager,PhD,friendshipcoach.____14____“Sometimesjealousy(妒忌)showsourdeepestdesires,”saysDr.Yager.“Healthyenvy(嫉妒)canmotivateyoutobecomebetterandbeinspiredbyyourfriend’ssuccess,”shesays.Shepointsoutthatitcouldbetheotherwayaroundaswell:Yourfriendsmightbejealousofyou.FeelingleftoutThere’snoworsefeelingthanwhenyoucheckFacebookMondaymorningtofindoutthatyourfriendswentonaweekendgetawaywithoutyou.ScottChristnelly,atherapist,says,“Iencourageclientstoexpresstheirfeelingsaboutitbutalsonottojumptoconclusions.”Thenfindsomeoneelsetotalkto-maybeafamilymember,oraclosefriend(notonewhowentonthetrip)-toexplainhowyoufeel.____15____.A.ExperiencingenvyB.FriendbreakupscanbejustaspainfulasaromanticbrokeC.Sincethere’snorulebookonwhattodowhenthingsgettenseorgosouthD.ButwhileitmaybepainfulE.Infact,it’scommontoexperiencesomeserioushurtfromyourfriendsF.StoppingtofeeljealousofthemG.Maybethroughthatconversation,youcanbrainstormhowyouwillrespondAfewdaysago,ourschoolheldatwo-dayfoodfestival.Beforethefoodfestivalstarted,theschoolhadsetuptentsandpostedmenusatthegateofthecanteentoattractstudents.___16___Onthefirstdayofthefoodfestival,whenthebellrangafterthelastclassinthemorning,everyonerushedtothebooths(攤位)infrontofthecanteen.___17___Therewasalonglineinfrontofeachbooth.Everyonesweatedintheburningsun,buttheheatdidn’tstopthestudents’enthusiasmfordeliciousfood.Fortunately,IboughtacupofmilkteathatIhadbeenlongingforinjustafewminutes.IttastedevenbetterthanIhadimagined!___18___Withoutanyexperience,IchosetotryasmuchfoodasIcould,whichgavemesomuchjoyandsatisfaction.Forexample,Ifellinlovewiththecrispydurianpastry(榴蓮酥)atfirstbite.___19___AndIcanstillrememberhowexquisitethecraftsmanship(技藝)ofmakingIndianpancakeswas.However,whatimpressedmemostwasinfactthe“intangibleculturalheritageonthetipofthetongue”.Itwaseveryone’scombinedeffortthatmadetheactivitysuchabigsuccess,anditispeople’sloveforfoodthatmadethefestivalspecial.Enjoyfood,valuefood,haveaheartofgratitudeandneverforgettheoneswhohavebroughtyouup.___20___A.Fromthis,Ihavelearnedhowtocookwell.B.MoreandmorepeoplebegantobuymilkteaC.ThisiswhatI’velearnedfromthefoodfestival.D.Asadessertlover,Icouldn’twaittoenjoytastyfoods.E.Withinafewminutes,theplacewascrowdedwithpeople.F.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadattendedthefoodfestivalatschool.G.What’smore,Istillcan’tforgettheamazinglookofsmokyicecream.U.N.ReportWarnsNatureCrisisAnewU.N.reportfocusesonthenegativeeffectsofhumanactivityonnature.Itsaysonemillionplantandanimalspeciesonland,intheseasandintheskyarenowindangerofextinction.The1,800reporttookthreeyearstofinish.___21___TheEarthhasalwayssufferedfromhumanactivity,itsays.However,thesescratches(劃傷)havebecomedeepscars(傷疤)overthepast50years.Speciesaregoingtoextinctseveralhundredtimesfasterthantheaveragerateduringthepasttenmillionyears.It’ssomethingthathasneverhappenedbeforeinhumanhistory.___22___Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.___23___Furthermore,hunting,overfishingandpollutionhavealsobeenkillingspeciesingreatnumbers.Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.___24___Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.ThereportsuggestsgovernmentsmoveawayfromusingGDPasakeymeasureofdevelopment.Long-termeffectsmustbeconsidered,too.ProfessorEduardoBrondizioofIndianaUniversityisanauthorofthereport.Hesays,“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.___25___“A.However,thisrequiresmanychanges.B.Over120wildlifespeciesarefacingextinction.C.Onlyexpertsknowhowtoaddresstheproblem.D.Thereportlistedseveralcausesforthesituation.E.Therejustneedstobeagreaterwilltotakeaction.F.Itdrawsontheworkof450scientistsfromdozensofcountries.G.Between1980and2000,onemillionsquarekilometersoftropical(熱帶的)forestwerelost.HowtoHaveBetterCommunicationwithChildrenCommunicationworkslikeabee.Itcanproducehoneyorsting(刺痛).It'strue.____26____Tobebetterparents,weneedtousethetooltodevelopbettercommunicationwithourchildren.Gooverthelistandconsiderhowitappliestoyou.Preaching(說(shuō)教)"Doyouthinkitwasnicetotalktoyourmotherthatway?Wetaughtyoutoberespectfulandyouhavetounderstandthatthat'snotawaytotalk."_____27_____Ifyoutalklikethat,kidswilldoeverythingtoavoidyourcompany.Teasing_____28_____Somethingyousayisonlyfunnyifeveryonelaughsandthinksit'sfunny.Ifnot,it'snotfunny.Laughingwithsomeoneisgreat.Laughingatsomeoneisn't.Threatening"Iwilltakeyourmobilephoneifyoudon'tdowhatIsay.NOmorecomputer._____29_____You'renotallowedtogotoanypartyuntilyouapologize."Parentswhothreatenareweak.Theproblemyourkidsknowyou'reweak,andtheyloserespectforyou.ComparisonParents'comparisonstypicallymakethechildfeelbad.Thisfeelingofinadequacy(缺乏信心)remainsuntiloldage.Itmakesthekidstrytoachievemorethaneveryoneelse,andthat'simpossible.Italsomakesthekidschasegoalsforthesakeofwinning,withoutbeingtruetothemselves.
________30________A.Whatparentssaymattersalot!B.Parentsneedtoteach,notpreach.C.Ifyoudoitonemoretime,nopocketmoneyforamonth.D.Soevenwhentheysucceed,theydon'tgetasenseofachievement.E.Itmeansyoucansaynowithrespectfortheirthoughtsandfeelings.F.Parentssometimessaythingstheythinkarefunny,buthurttheirchild.G.Ourcommunicationisthetoolwehavetostrengthenordestroyrelationship.HabitstoBeaHighlyEffectiveStudentSomestudentsareabletogetstraightA’sandatthesametimeserveasthepresidentofthreeclubs.However,somestudentsstruggletokeeptheirGPA(Grade-PointAverage)abovea3.0.Andtheyseemtospendalloftheirtimeinstudying.Althoughit’struethateveryone’sIQisdifferent,goodstudyhabitsareveryimportant.___31______32___Ifyouhaven`thadaplanner(規(guī)劃薄),getone.Manypeopleusetheircomputersandsmartphonestomakeaschedule.Theproblemwiththatapproachisthattheyaremajordistractions(分心的事物).Instead,getanold-fashionedpaperandpenplanner.Createaweeklyschedule.___33___Includetimethatwillbespenteating,sleepinganddoinganythingnotrelatedtoschoolwork.Thatwayyouknowexactlyhowmuchyoucanaccomplisheachday.Takefrequent,shortbreaks.Takingabreakfromstudyingfor15minuteseveryhourwillhelpkeepyourefreshed.___34___Ifyoudon’ttakeabreak,youmayfindyourselfdaydreamingorevenfallingasleep.Takesometimeforsomewater,asnackoraquickchatwithafriend.Takecareofyourself.Duringfinalexamweek,itiscommonforstudentstofallbehindonsleepandmeals.Makesureyougetagoodnight’ssleepandhaveregularmeals.Studyingwhilehungryorsleepyisineffectiveandwillslowyoudowninthelongrun.Alsotrytomaketimeforfriendsandfamily.___35___
.A.Keepthingsorganized.B.Keepawayfromyourcomputers.C.Ofcourse,noteveryoneneedsbreaks.D.Ourbrainsarenotmeanttoworkforhoursnonstop.E.Havingagoodsupportsystemwillhelpwithallthestress.F.Hereareseveralhabitsyoushouldadopttogetgoodgrades.G.Thenundereachday,makealistofthingstodoeachhour.Talkingtosomeoneonatrain,bus,orsubwaycanberiskyyetexciting,asyouneverknowwhenthey’regoingtogetoff.Startingaconnectioncanbefunasthecostsarefairlylowandyoucaneasilystartandstopaconversation,orgetoffifthingsbecomeawkward.____36____Makeeyecontact.Makingbriefeyecontactcanshowthepersonsthatyou’reinterestedandhelpyoujudgewhethertheyareinterestedinyou.Glanceatthepersonsandtrytoholdyourgaze(注視)forjustasecondortwo.____37____Iftheymeetyourgaze,it’slikelypositive.Iftheylookawayquicklyorappeardisinterested,it’sprobablybestnottoapproach.Smileatthepersons.Ifyou’vesuccessfullymettheirgaze,smileatthem.____38____Iftheysmileback,you’relikelyinluckingettingthemtotalktoyou.Ifyouwanttostartaconversationwiththepersons,smilingisagreatwaytogetsomebody’sattention.____39____Makeapointtoappearopen,comfortableandavailable.Dothisbykeepingyourarmsuncrossed.Standorsitupstraightandshowgoodposture(姿勢(shì)).Don’tcrossyourbodyorturnawayfromthepersons,asthesegesturescanmakeyouappearclosedoffordisinterested.Approachthepersonstostarttalkingtothem.____40____Ifyou’refaraway,movecloser.Youshouldbeacomfortabledistancewhereyoucanheareachotheryetnotfeelawkwardiftheconversationdoesn’tworkout.A.Useopenbodylanguage.B.Mindyourmannerswhiletalking.C.Noticehowtheyrespondtoyourgaze.D.Don’tworrybecauseyoucanfollowsometipsthatmakeyousmile.E.Onceyou’vereadthatthepersonsareinterestedinchatting,makeamove.F.Asmallbutsinceresmilemakesyouappearinterested,friendlyandapproachable.G.Therefore,trytogetsomeone’sattentionandstartaconversationbyfollowingthetips.HowtoFocusonStudyingUnlessyouhaveastrongdesiretolearntheinformationordevelopaskill,itcanbehardtofocusallofyourattention.Herearesomeofthebesttricksthathelpyouincreaseyourfocusonstudying.____41____Chosearightspot.And,inordertoconcentrate,youmustremovethethingsdistracting(分心)you.Putawaymobiledevices.TurnofftheTV.Sitawayfrompeoplemakingloudnoises.Comeprepared.____42____Havepens,paper,textbooksoranythingnecessaryathand.Youshouldtakecareofeverythingoutsideofstudyingbeforeyousitdowntofocus.Ifnot,you’lljustendupgettinguprepeatedly.Makeaschedule.Aimtoworkfor30-60minuteperiodswith5-10minutebreaksinbetween.Itisaloteasiertopushyourselfforasetperiodoftime,ifyouknowyouhaveabreakcomingup.____43____Studyingthesamethingfortoolongisaninvitationtoboredom(枯燥).Makelistsandbreakdowntasks.Writedownyourstudygoalsforthatday.Makesurethetaskiswithinyourability.Itworksforanytasklikereadingabook,studyingforatest,orwhatever.Andifyouneedtowrite10pagesinaweek,scheduleyourselftowrite2pagesadayfor5days.____44____Varyyourstudytechniques____45____Varietywillkeepyouinterestedinyourstudiesandmakeyourtimemoreefficient.Bystudyingwithdifferenttechniques,yourbrainwillprocesstheinformationdifferently,thusincreasingthechanceofkeepingtheinformation.A.Findasuitableplace.B.Getridofdistractions.C.Breakthetaskintomanageableparts.D.Don’tlimityourselftoonestudymethod.E.BesuretohaveallthematerialsneededtoworkF.Setascheduletomakefulluseofyourstudytime.G.Besides,scheduleyourselftostudydifferentsubjects.MoreThanJustFoodThereareafewwaysinwhichChineserestaurantsaredifferentfromWesternrestaurants.ConsiderhowWesternersgoabouteatingatrestaurants.Everyonealwaysgetstheirownmenuandorderstheirownfood.____46____,itisquitedifficulttotalkto—orevensee—morethanafewpeopleduringthemeal.____47____.Usually,everyonesitsatlargeandroundtableswhereitiseasytoseeandtalkwitheachother,evenifitisaratherlargegroup.Onepersonordersthefoodforeveryone,afterconsideringthelikesanddislikesoftheotherpeopleinthegroup.____48____.Everyonethenservesthemselvesbytakingasmallbitoffoodandputtingitontheirownplates.JustasintheWest,peoplecanchoosewhattheywanttoeat.However,whileintheWest,importanceisplacedontheindividualandhavingone’sownpreferences,inChinaimportanceisplacedonsharingandcommunity.Insteadofseeingthemselvesasindividualsfirst,andpartofthegroupsecond,Chinesepeoplegenerallyseethemselvesaspartofthegroupfirstandindividualssecond.____49____.Finally,sincepeopleareseatedataroundtable,everyoneistreatedequally.____50____.However,respectisstillshowntoolderpeopleorpeopleofhigherstatus,astheyalwayssitatthefarendoftheroomfacingthedoor.A.ChinahasmanydifferentstylesoffoodB.And,sincethetablesareusuallysmallC.NooneisgivengreaterimportanceoveranotherD.YoushouldmakeanefforttoenjoyChinesefoodE.Everyonestillgetswhattheywant,butitisasharedexperienceF.Then,whenthefoodcomes,allofitisputinthemiddleofthetableG.However,thetraditionalChineserestaurantexperienceisquitedifferent【參考答案】***試卷處理標(biāo)記,請(qǐng)不要?jiǎng)h除1.無(wú)1、E牝2、D牝3、F牝4、B牝5、G【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要討論家長(zhǎng)們關(guān)于兒童疫苗接種的幾個(gè)疑惑牝1、根據(jù)下文“Whydochildrengetthesamedosageasadults?(為什么孩子的計(jì)量和成年人一樣?)”及“CanchildrenhavefullimmunityafterreceivingtheCOVID-19vaccine?(兒童在接受COVID-19疫苗后能否獲得完全免疫力?)”可知,下文的幾個(gè)標(biāo)題是家長(zhǎng)們關(guān)于兒童疫苗接種的幾個(gè)疑惑。E項(xiàng)“Someparentsfindthemselveshavingquestionsaboutthevaccination.(一些父母發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)疫苗接種有疑問(wèn))”引出下文,指出家長(zhǎng)們具體的問(wèn)題與困惑。故選E項(xiàng)。牝2、下文“Theprocessofvaccinestakingeffecthasnorelationwiththeweightandbodysurfaceareaofthereceiver.Infact,forthemajorityofvaccines,therecommendeddosesforbothbabiesandadultsarethesame.(疫苗生效的過(guò)程與受體的重量和體表面積無(wú)關(guān)。事實(shí)上,對(duì)于大多數(shù)疫苗,嬰兒和成人的推薦劑量是相同的)”解釋嬰兒和成人的疫苗劑量相同的原因。D項(xiàng)“However,thewaythevaccinesworkdiffersfromthatofotherdrugs.(然而,疫苗的工作原理和其他藥物不一樣)”引出下文,故選D項(xiàng)。牝3、上文“Someparentsdoubtwhethervaccinatingchildrenaged3to11canproducethedueimmuneeffectastheirimmunesystemsarestilldeveloping.Actually,vaccinescanworkexactlythesameinbothchildrenandadults.Thevaccinewillproduceanear100percentimmuneresponseinchildren.(一些父母懷疑為3至11歲的兒童接種疫苗是否能產(chǎn)生應(yīng)有的免疫作用,因?yàn)樗麄兊拿庖呦到y(tǒng)仍在發(fā)育中。實(shí)際上,疫苗在兒童和成人中的作用完全相同。該疫苗將在兒童中產(chǎn)生近100%的免疫反應(yīng))”及下文“SothesamevaccinationstrategyhasbeenadoptedforallagegroupsinChina.(因此,中國(guó)所有年齡組都采用了相同的疫苗接種策略)”說(shuō)明疫苗在兒童和成人中的作用完全相同。該疫苗將在兒童中產(chǎn)生近100%的免疫反應(yīng)。F項(xiàng)“Thishasalsobeenprovedtrueinmedicalexperimentsondifferentagegroups.(在不同年齡組的醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中也證明了這一點(diǎn))”承上啟下,說(shuō)明免疫效果已經(jīng)被驗(yàn)證。故選F項(xiàng)。牝4、下文“Avaccinehastogothroughastrictprocedurebeforebeingwidelyusedinaspecificagegroup.Enoughdataneedtobecollectedtogetemergencyuseorcomeontothemarket.Sothemedicalexperimentshavetobeconsideredinadvance.Chinahascarriedoutaseriesofsuchstudies.Basedonresearchresnlts,theriskofnegativereactionsinchildrenisnohigherthanthatofadults.(疫苗在特定年齡組廣泛使用之前必須經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的程序。需要收集足夠的數(shù)據(jù)才能緊急使用或進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。因此,醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)必須提前考慮。中國(guó)已經(jīng)開(kāi)展了一系列此類研究。根據(jù)研究,兒童發(fā)生負(fù)面反應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并不高于成人)”說(shuō)明疫苗在使用之前已經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的試驗(yàn)。故推知疫苗對(duì)兒童來(lái)說(shuō)是安全的。B項(xiàng)“IstheCOVID-19vaccinesafeforchildren?(接種COVID-19疫苗對(duì)兒童來(lái)說(shuō)安全嗎?)”是家長(zhǎng)們另一個(gè)擔(dān)心。下文是對(duì)B項(xiàng)問(wèn)題的解釋。故選B項(xiàng)。牝5、下文“Sofarthemostfrequentlyreportedthreenegativereactionsarefever,painandtiredness.(到目前為止,報(bào)道中最頻繁的三種負(fù)面反應(yīng)是:發(fā)燒,疼痛和疲倦)”說(shuō)明疫苗接種后的負(fù)面反應(yīng)。G項(xiàng)“TheCOVID-19vaccinationforchildrenaged3to11hasbeeninprogressforsometime.(針對(duì)3至11歲兒童的COVID-19疫苗接種已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了一段時(shí)間)”,與下文構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,故選G項(xiàng)。6、B牝7、F牝8、D牝9、E牝10、G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了神舟十三號(hào)的一些任務(wù)技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)。牝6、根據(jù)上文“ChinawelcomedthreeheroicastronautshomeonApril16.There-entrymodulecarryingastronautstoucheddownsafelyattheDongfengLandingSiteinInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.ThisendedtheShenzhouXIIIastronauts’six-monthspacemission.ThisreturnmarksamajorbreakthroughforChina’seffortsinspace.(4月16日,中國(guó)迎來(lái)了三名英勇的宇航員。搭載宇航員的返回艙在內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)的東風(fēng)著陸點(diǎn)安全著陸。這結(jié)束了神舟十三號(hào)宇航員為期六個(gè)月的太空任務(wù)。這次返回標(biāo)志著中國(guó)太空努力的重大突破)”結(jié)合后文主要介紹了這次任務(wù)的一些細(xì)節(jié)情況,故B選項(xiàng)“讓我們看看這次任務(wù)的一些技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)”符合語(yǔ)境,故選B項(xiàng)。牝7、根據(jù)上文“Themissionsetanewspeedrecord.TheShenzhouXIIreturncapsulerevolvedaroundtheEarth11timesover24hours.(這次任務(wù)創(chuàng)造了新的速度記錄。神舟十二號(hào)返回艙在24小時(shí)內(nèi)繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)了11圈)”可知,上文介紹了神舟十二號(hào)的飛行數(shù)據(jù),且提到這次任務(wù)創(chuàng)造了記錄,可見(jiàn)本句是在說(shuō)明神舟十三號(hào)的飛行情況,故F選項(xiàng)“神舟十三號(hào)將時(shí)間縮短到9小時(shí)左右,繞地球飛行了5次”符合語(yǔ)境,故選F項(xiàng)。牝8、根據(jù)上文“TheShenzhouXIIImissionwassimplifiedtoonlyfiveorbitsandwasdesignedtoreturnmoreefficiently,accordingtotheChineseAcademyofSpaceTechnology.(據(jù)中國(guó)空間技術(shù)研究院表示,神舟十三號(hào)的任務(wù)被簡(jiǎn)化為只有5個(gè)軌道,并被設(shè)計(jì)為更有效地返回)”以及后文“Italsoneededmoreaccurateorbitalcalculations.Thismeantthatwhenthespacecraftseparated,itcouldquicklytargetthelandingarea,calculatethereturnpath,andadjustitsaltitude,WangYa’nan,editor-in-chiefofBeijing-basedAerospaceKnowledgemagazine,toldtheGlobalTimes.(它還需要更精確的軌道計(jì)算。北京《航天知識(shí)》雜志主編王亞南告訴《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》,這意味著當(dāng)航天器分離時(shí),它可以快速瞄準(zhǔn)著陸區(qū)域,計(jì)算返回路徑,并調(diào)整高度)”可知,上一段介紹了神舟十三號(hào)的技術(shù)改進(jìn),后文則提到了這一技術(shù)改進(jìn)的優(yōu)勢(shì),可知本句與后文并列,都是在對(duì)這一技術(shù)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。故D選項(xiàng)“這種方法需要對(duì)航天器進(jìn)行更精確的控制”符合語(yǔ)境,故選D項(xiàng)。牝9、根據(jù)上文“AnotherchallengeforastronautsreturningtoEarthistravelingthroughtheatmosphere.Afterthere-entrycapsuleenterstheatmosphere,thereisfiercefrictionwiththeair.(宇航員返回地球的另一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是穿越大氣層。返回艙進(jìn)入大氣層后,與空氣摩擦激烈)”可知,上文提到返回艙與空氣摩擦激烈,故本句是在說(shuō)明其結(jié)果:太空艙表面溫度可達(dá)數(shù)千度。故E選項(xiàng)“太空艙表面溫度可達(dá)數(shù)千度”符合語(yǔ)境,故選E項(xiàng)。牝10、根據(jù)上文“There-entrycapsulelandeduprightintherightarea.SuchalandingpositionisrareinChina’sspaceflighthistory.(返回艙著陸直立在正確的區(qū)域。這樣的著陸位置在中國(guó)航天飛行史上是罕見(jiàn)的)”可知,本句主要是關(guān)于中國(guó)航天飛行史上返回艙直立著陸的說(shuō)明,故G選項(xiàng)“到目前為止,只有神舟六號(hào)和神舟十三號(hào)實(shí)現(xiàn)了垂直著陸”符合語(yǔ)境,故選G項(xiàng)。11、C牝12、E牝13、D牝14、A牝15、G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何管理一段友誼,使友誼更加長(zhǎng)久。牝11、根據(jù)空后的逗號(hào)可知,空處為從句??蘸髢?nèi)容“wetalkedtoresearchers,authors,andtherapists(治療師)tolearnhowtomanagethecommonrelationshipweallface.(我們采訪了研究人員、作者和治療師,學(xué)習(xí)如何管理我們都面臨的共同關(guān)系。)”講述的是采訪了一些專業(yè)人士來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)管理友誼。選項(xiàng)C“Sincethere’snorulebookonwhattodowhenthingsgettenseorgosouth(因?yàn)楫?dāng)事情變得緊張或惡化時(shí),并沒(méi)有規(guī)定要怎么做)”形式上為原因狀語(yǔ)從句,意義上解釋了為什么要采訪那些人的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。牝12、根據(jù)空后“Andamajorwaythishappensisthroughbrokenpromises.(發(fā)生這種情況的一個(gè)主要方式就是違背諾言。)”可知,空處需要提到“this”所指代的內(nèi)容,且應(yīng)該是違背諾言帶來(lái)的后果。選項(xiàng)E“Infact,it’scommontoexperiencesomeserioushurtfromyourfriends(事實(shí)上,受到朋友的嚴(yán)重傷害是很正常的)”中提到的“experiencesomeserioushurtfromyourfriends”正是下文的this。故選E項(xiàng)。牝13、根據(jù)空后的逗號(hào)可知,空處為從句。根據(jù)空后的“thefirstthingtodoisrememberthatnooneisperfect,saysJanYager,PhD,friendshipcoach.(要記住沒(méi)有人是完美的,友誼教練JanYager博士說(shuō)。)”可知,空處提到的應(yīng)該是不好的事情發(fā)生的時(shí)候,我們應(yīng)該記住人無(wú)完人。選項(xiàng)D“Butwhileitmaybepainful(雖然它可能是痛苦的)”形式上為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,內(nèi)容上也與下文一致。故選D項(xiàng)。牝14、空處為段首句,為本段中心句。下文““Sometimesjealousy(妒忌)showsourdeepestdesires,”saysDr.Yager.“Healthyenvy(嫉妒)canmotivateyoutobecomebetterandbeinspiredbyyourfriend’ssuccess,”shesays.(Yager博士說(shuō):“有時(shí)候嫉妒顯示了我們內(nèi)心深處的欲望?!彼f(shuō):“健康的嫉妒可以激勵(lì)你變得更好,并從你朋友的成功中受到鼓舞?!?”可知,本段講述的是嫉妒在一段關(guān)系中的必要性。選項(xiàng)A“Experiencingenvy(經(jīng)歷嫉妒)”與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選A項(xiàng)。牝15、根據(jù)空前“Thenfindsomeoneelsetotalkto-maybeafamilymember,oraclosefriend(notonewhowentonthetrip)-toexplainhowyoufeel.(然后找其他人傾訴——可能是家人,或者是親密的朋友(不是去旅行的人)——解釋你的感受。)”講述的是當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友們?nèi)ザ燃俣鴽](méi)有帶上你時(shí),要找人傾述內(nèi)心的感受。選項(xiàng)G“Maybethroughthatconversation,youcanbrainstormhowyouwillrespond(也許通過(guò)這次談話,你可以想出一下如何應(yīng)對(duì))”中的“thatconversation”指的正是上文的“talk”,內(nèi)容上是上文的延續(xù),解釋了找人傾述的好處。故選G項(xiàng)。16、D牝17、E牝18、F牝19、G牝20、C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要介紹作者參加校園美食節(jié)的經(jīng)歷。牝16、根據(jù)上文“Afewdaysago,ourschoolheldatwo-dayfoodfestival.Beforethefoodfestivalstarted,theschoolhadsetuptentsandpostedmenusatthegateofthecanteentoattractstudents.(幾天前,我們學(xué)校舉辦了為期兩天的美食節(jié)。在美食節(jié)開(kāi)始之前,學(xué)校已經(jīng)搭建了帳篷,并在食堂門口張貼了菜單,以吸引學(xué)生。)”可知,上文介紹了學(xué)校美食節(jié)以及學(xué)校為此所做的工作,由此推知,空處陳述作者對(duì)這次美食節(jié)的感受。D項(xiàng)“作為一個(gè)甜品愛(ài)好者,我迫不及待地想品嘗美味的食物?!狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。牝17、根據(jù)上文“Onthefirstdayofthefoodfestival,whenthebellrangafterthelastclassinthemorning,everyonerushedtothebooths(攤位)infrontofthecanteen.(在美食節(jié)的第一天,當(dāng)早上最后一節(jié)課的鈴聲響起時(shí),每個(gè)人都沖向食堂前的攤位。)”以及后文“Therewasalonglineinfrontofeachbooth.(每個(gè)攤位前都排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì)。)”可知,美食街參與的人很多。故E項(xiàng)“幾分鐘之內(nèi),這個(gè)地方就擠滿了人。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。牝18、根據(jù)后文“Withoutanyexperience,IchosetotryasmuchfoodasIcould,whichgavemesomuchjoyandsatisfaction.(在沒(méi)有任何經(jīng)驗(yàn)的情況下,我選擇嘗試盡可能多的食物,這給了我如此多的快樂(lè)和滿足。)”可知,作者沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn),嘗了很多食物,由此可知,這是作者第一次參加美食節(jié)。F項(xiàng)“這是我第一次在學(xué)校參加美食節(jié)。”符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。牝19、根據(jù)上文“Forexample,Ifellinlovewiththecrispydurianpastry(榴蓮酥)atfirstbite.(例如,我第一口就愛(ài)上了榴蓮酥。)”和下文“AndIcanstillrememberhowexquisitethecraftsmanship(技藝)ofmakingIndianpancakeswas.(我還記得制作印度煎餅的工藝是多么精湛。)”可知,上下文舉例陳述作者在美食節(jié)所吃的食物。由此推知,空處與上下文話題一致,也舉例作者所品嘗的食物。G項(xiàng)“更重要的是,我仍然無(wú)法忘記煙熏冰淇淋的神奇外觀?!狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。牝20、根據(jù)上文“Enjoyfood,valuefood,haveaheartofgratitudeandneverforgettheoneswhohavebroughtyouup.(享受食物,珍惜食物,心存感激,永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記撫養(yǎng)你長(zhǎng)大的人。)”可知,這是作者對(duì)參加美食節(jié)的感悟。故C項(xiàng)“這是我從美食節(jié)中學(xué)到的?!笔菍?duì)參加美食節(jié)的總結(jié)語(yǔ),符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。21、F牝22、D牝23、G牝24、A牝25、E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一份新的聚焦于人類活動(dòng)對(duì)自然的負(fù)面影響的聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告:海陸空的100萬(wàn)種植物和動(dòng)物因?yàn)槿祟惢顒?dòng)而正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn),問(wèn)題可以解決,但是要真正付之于行動(dòng)。牝21、上文“The1,800reporttookthreeyearstofinish.(這份1800頁(yè)的報(bào)告花了三年時(shí)間才完成)”說(shuō)明聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告花費(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中It指代上文中的報(bào)告,F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“它借鑒了來(lái)自數(shù)十個(gè)國(guó)家的450名科學(xué)家的成果?!边M(jìn)一步說(shuō)明這份報(bào)告借鑒了很多人的工作成果,承接上文,符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。牝22、下文“Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(自1970年以來(lái),人口增加了一倍。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了四倍。為了給這個(gè)快速變化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量,許多森林被砍伐了)”說(shuō)明造成物種滅絕速度增長(zhǎng)的原因,D項(xiàng)“報(bào)告列出了造成這種情況的幾個(gè)原因?!币鱿挛模项}意。故選D項(xiàng)。牝23、上文“Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(為了給這個(gè)快速變化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量,許多森林被砍伐了)”說(shuō)明許多森林被砍伐,G項(xiàng)“1980年至2000年間,100萬(wàn)平方公里的熱帶森林消失。”說(shuō)明森林砍伐的結(jié)果,承接上文,符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。牝24、上文“Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.(報(bào)告稱,這個(gè)問(wèn)題是可以解決的)”說(shuō)明這一問(wèn)題可以解決,以及下文“Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.(受保護(hù)的陸地和海洋數(shù)量需要迅速增加)”說(shuō)明解決問(wèn)題需要做出的改變,A項(xiàng)“然而,這需要許多改變。”承上啟下,符合題意,其中“this”代指上文“Theproblemcanbefixed”。故選A項(xiàng)。牝25、上文“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.(我們都知道需要做什么。知識(shí)就在那里)”說(shuō)明大家都知道應(yīng)該采取什么行動(dòng),E項(xiàng)“只需要有更大的意愿來(lái)采取行動(dòng)?!闭f(shuō)明EduardoBrondizio希望大家更愿意采取行動(dòng),承接上文,符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。26、G牝27、B牝28、F牝29、C牝30、D【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。溝通是把雙刃劍,文章列舉了不善于與孩子溝通的父母會(huì)用到的四個(gè)方法:說(shuō)教、嘲弄、威脅、攀比。牝26、上文“Communic
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