高考英語(yǔ)一輪課件專題十七應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作

專題十七應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作應(yīng)用文包括信件、日記、通知等。考生運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)句式、語(yǔ)法和詞匯講

述信件、日記、通知等內(nèi)容。準(zhǔn)確使用語(yǔ)法、詞匯,考生應(yīng)做到文章扣

題,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,內(nèi)容充實(shí)、健康,思想活躍,邏輯清晰,語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確,交際得

體。試題鼓勵(lì)考生通過(guò)觀察和分析,確定立意,把自己的理解和寫(xiě)作要

求有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)。命題規(guī)律趨勢(shì)探究考綱解讀命題規(guī)律從2014年開(kāi)始北京市高考取消開(kāi)放作文,增加一個(gè)以交流為目的的提綱

類作文。此類作文更加關(guān)注學(xué)生是否能夠使用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言完成書(shū)面交

際任務(wù),通常以書(shū)信、口頭通知、邀請(qǐng)函等形式進(jìn)行考查?？键c(diǎn)分布近幾年北京高考應(yīng)用文考查方式分布表如下:年份2017年2016年2015年2014年體裁書(shū)信書(shū)信郵件書(shū)信題材旅游介紹中國(guó)歷史人物龍舟訓(xùn)練營(yíng)旅游命題趨勢(shì)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作以交流為目的,一般是考生熟悉的話題內(nèi)容,貼近考生生活,難度一般不是很大。歷史、文化、傳統(tǒng)相關(guān)話題是備考應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作的重點(diǎn)話題,且更加注重命題的開(kāi)放性以及學(xué)生是否能夠使用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言生成書(shū)面交際任務(wù)。突破方法掌握應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作的邏輯和層次,積累實(shí)用詞匯,訓(xùn)練開(kāi)放的邏輯思維,活

學(xué)活用,真正達(dá)到“用應(yīng)用文解決一件事情”的高考寫(xiě)作目標(biāo)。考點(diǎn)知識(shí)全面總結(jié)考點(diǎn)一常考文體詳解應(yīng)用文是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ?、工作和學(xué)習(xí)中經(jīng)常接觸到的一種文體,具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性。因此近些年高考對(duì)考生在這方面的寫(xiě)作要求相當(dāng)普遍,這種文體能夠充分考查考生的書(shū)面表達(dá)能力。具體來(lái)說(shuō),常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用文有書(shū)信、日記、通知、便條、電子郵件、啟事、簡(jiǎn)歷和海報(bào)等。通過(guò)應(yīng)用文我們就可以將關(guān)鍵信息傳達(dá)給對(duì)方,處理學(xué)習(xí)、工作或生活中的某些問(wèn)題,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)與他人交流的目的。應(yīng)用文有明確的交流范圍和一定的閱讀對(duì)象,不同的應(yīng)用文有自身的行文特征和格式要求,傳達(dá)信息及時(shí),內(nèi)容與我們?nèi)粘Ｉ睢⒐ぷ骱蛯W(xué)習(xí)聯(lián)系緊密,是我們身邊不可或缺的交流手段和渠道,有了解和掌握的必要性。一、書(shū)信書(shū)信是高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)中比較常見(jiàn)的考查方式。在文體上,書(shū)信包括

商務(wù)信函和私人信函。從內(nèi)容方面說(shuō),書(shū)信包括邀請(qǐng)信、感謝信、投訴

信、建議信、慰問(wèn)信、介紹信、自薦信、咨詢信、求助信和求職信

等。在格式上有些比較正式,有些則隨意一些。電子郵件(e-mail)是建

立在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)上的一種通信形式,與書(shū)面書(shū)信在格式上差不多,

由稱呼、正文和落款三部分組成,沒(méi)有一般的書(shū)面書(shū)信正式。具體來(lái)說(shuō),書(shū)信常由以下五部分組成:1.地址和日期:又稱信頭或信端,包括寄信人通信地址和寫(xiě)信日期。寫(xiě)信

人的地址和日期常置于右上角。從上到下先寫(xiě)地址后寫(xiě)日期,地址和日

期的寫(xiě)法要符合英文書(shū)寫(xiě)的習(xí)慣,一般是從小到大。每行的后面可用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),也可以不用。如前面幾行的末尾都用逗號(hào),最后一行寫(xiě)信日期

的后面則用句號(hào)。日期有兩種寫(xiě)法,如3May,2015或May3,2015。親友

之間通信可省去地址,但必須有日期。信內(nèi)地址要寫(xiě)收信人的姓名和地址,在私人信件中,這一項(xiàng)常常省略。

該項(xiàng)寫(xiě)在信頭日期下一行的左上角,格式與寄信人地址一樣。2.稱呼:指寫(xiě)信人對(duì)收信人的稱謂,稱呼直接寫(xiě)在收信人地址的正下方,

中間空一至二行,如何稱呼由寫(xiě)信人和收信人的雙方關(guān)系確定,如以

Dear...或Mydear...開(kāi)頭。稱呼語(yǔ)后一般用逗號(hào),正式信函用冒號(hào)。3.正文:正文是書(shū)信的主體部分,是寫(xiě)信人和收信人要談?wù)摶蚪鉀Q的主要

內(nèi)容。一般來(lái)說(shuō),一封好的英文書(shū)信應(yīng)符合正確、簡(jiǎn)潔、禮貌、字跡清

晰等這幾個(gè)基本要求。層次應(yīng)該分明,正文首先解決之前對(duì)方關(guān)心的問(wèn)題,出于禮貌,把對(duì)方放在首位,然后再詢問(wèn)對(duì)方自己關(guān)注的問(wèn)題或陳述

自己的見(jiàn)解。正文常見(jiàn)開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)有:Howareyougoingthesedays?/Iam

gladtoreceiveyourletteryesterday./Iamwritingtotellyousth./Iamwrit-

ingtoaskyouaboutsth./Iamwritingtoinviteyoutodosth.4.結(jié)束語(yǔ):結(jié)束語(yǔ)位于正文之后,通常置于正文最后一行的下邊,結(jié)束語(yǔ)

是寫(xiě)信人對(duì)收信人的謙稱和致敬。常用的結(jié)束語(yǔ)有:Pleasegivemyre-

gardsto...,Withbestwishes等。5.簽名:寫(xiě)信人要在結(jié)束語(yǔ)下面簽名,以表示對(duì)信件中的全部?jī)?nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。

簽名應(yīng)寫(xiě)在結(jié)束語(yǔ)下行中間偏右位置,但現(xiàn)在由于電子郵件的普遍使

用,為了打字方便,很多人將這兩個(gè)部分打或?qū)懺谛偶堊蠖?、正文之?/p>

兩三行處,與信內(nèi)地址、稱呼以及正文各段的左端垂直排齊。除了對(duì)熟悉的朋友或親屬以外,簽名必須寫(xiě)全姓名。具體如下圖所示:(一)解題技巧1.認(rèn)真審題,嚴(yán)密構(gòu)思:審題包括審人稱、審時(shí)態(tài)和審要點(diǎn),書(shū)信表達(dá)內(nèi)

容做到覆蓋所有提示中的要點(diǎn)。2.首先解決對(duì)方關(guān)心的問(wèn)題,然后表達(dá)自己的疑問(wèn),即書(shū)信表達(dá)內(nèi)容的先

后順序做到“先人后己”。3.高分制造技巧:(1)熟悉格式:尤其寫(xiě)好書(shū)信/郵件開(kāi)頭問(wèn)候語(yǔ),表明來(lái)意。近幾年高考中

應(yīng)用文的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾一般給出,但平時(shí)書(shū)信體書(shū)面表達(dá)盡量完整演練。(2)厚積薄發(fā):平時(shí)多接觸不同的情景交流,積累主題詞匯,關(guān)鍵之時(shí)模仿,

增加表達(dá)的地道性。(3)取經(jīng)佳作范文:語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的靈活性來(lái)自初級(jí)的背誦,背佳作范文、經(jīng)典句,零距離觸摸遣詞造句的藝術(shù)所在;注意積累不同語(yǔ)言情景串句成文的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)和關(guān)聯(lián)詞。(二)書(shū)信/郵件常用委婉語(yǔ)1.I’dliketoinviteyoutojoinusforavisit.2.I’dliketoknowsomethingmoreaboutthecourses.3.Ifyouareabletocomewithus,pleaseletusknowandwe’llgotogether...4.Wouldyoupleasecallforme...?5.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasitisconvenient.6.Couldyoucometoourparty?7.IamafraidthatIcan’tgowithyou.8.I’msorrythatIcan’tgowithyouasplanned.9.Iwishyoucouldunderstand.10.Iwonderifyoucoulddomeafavor?11.Wouldyoupleaseletmeknowifyouneedfurtherinformation?12.I’mwritingthislettertoexpressmyapologytoyoufornotwritingyoubackintime.13.I’llbesohappyifyoucouldacceptmyapology.14.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.15.I’mwonderingifyoucancometoourparty.16.IhopeIwillbeacceptedasamemberofyoursummercamp.17.CouldyoupleaseletmeknowwhichdayisOKwithyou?18.Wehopeyouwillacceptourinvitationifitisconvenientforyou.19.Pleasecallmeat44676556ifyouhaveanyquestions.20.Ifyoucome,youcanchoosethreeofthefollowingfourcourses.21.Pleaseletmeknowifyouareinterestedandifyouhaveanyotherques-

tions.22.I’dbemorethanhappytohelp.(三)常見(jiàn)開(kāi)頭句1.Thankyouforyourlastletteraskingaboutourlibrary.2.Iamwritingtoaskwhetheryouareabletodomeafavor.3.GreetingsfromChina!I’mLiHua,astudentinSichuan.4.I’mgladtoreceiveyourletteraskingformyadviceonhowtolearnChinesewell.Hereareafewsuggestions.5.I’mgoingoutshopping,andwon’tbebackuntilabout5:00pm.6.ThankyouforyourletteraskingabouttherebuiltQianmenStreet.Hereis

somethingaboutit.7.I’mLiHua,ChairmanoftheStudentUnionofYucaiMiddleSchool,whichisclosetoyouruniversity.8.IrememberyoutoldmeyouwereinterestedinteachinginChina.9.I’mLiHua,aChinesestudenttakingsummercoursesinyouruniversity.I’mwritingtoaskforhelp.10.Congratulationsonthe5thanniversaryofGlobalMirror!I’maregularreaderofyournewspaper.11.I’mLiHua,amiddleschoolstudentfromChina.Ireadtheannounce-mentofthesummercampthatyouhavepostedontheInternetandIamin-terestedinit.12.We’rethrowingasurprisepartyforXiaoming’sbirthday.We’dliketoinviteyoutotheparty.13.Howareyoudoing?I’mwritingtotellyouthatmyuncleLiMingisgoingtoyourcityforaconference.14.Howareyoudoing?IwonderifyoucouldsellsomeChineseknotstome.15.IamastudentinChinaandIplantogotoBritaintoattendasummerschoolduringthevacation.16.Recently,inordertobroadenourhorizons,ourschoolnewspaper,whichisverypopularamongusstudentswillstartacolumnaboutWesternlifeandCulture.17.I’dliketoinviteyoutojoinusforavisittothenearbynursinghomenextSaturdayfortheDoubleNinthFestival.(四)常用句型1.ThankyouforyourletterofMay5.2.HowhappyIamtoreceiveyourletterofJanuary9!3.Hownicetohearfromyouagain!4.Iammuchpleasedtotellyouthat...5.YourkindletterofNovember22ndarrivedthismorning.6.InreplytoyourletterdatedJuly4,Iwanttosay...7.ThankyouforyourletterdatedDec.22,2008.8.ManythanksforyourletterofSept.5,2009.9.AthousandthanksforyourkindletterofJune5,2009.10.Yourletterwhicharrivedthismorninggavemegreatcomfort.11.ThankyouverymuchforyourletterofAugust2andthegiftyousentme

onChristmasEve.12.Firstofall,Imustthankyouforyourkindassistanceandhighattention

tome.13.WithgreatdelightIhavelearntfromyourletterofthisSundaythat...14.Iamtooexcitedanddelightedatyourgoodnews.15.Iamveryobligedtoyouforyourwarmcongratulations...16.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.17.Hopingtohearfromyousoon.18.Ihopetohearfromyouverysoon.19.Welookforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.20.Yourearlyreplywillbehighlyappreciated.21.Ihopeeverythingwillbewellwithyou.22.Pleaseletusknowifyouwantmoreinformation.23.Iwishyoumoresuccessesinthecomingyear.24.Pleasegivemybestwishestoyourfamily.25.Withbestregardstoyourfamily.26.Allthebest.27.Withloveandgoodwishes.(五)求職信常用句型1.Inreplytoyouradvertisementin...,Irespectfullyoffermyservicesforthesituation.2.Withreferencetoyouradvertisementin...fora/an...,Ioffermyselfforthe

post.3.Pleaseconsidermeanapplicantforthepositionwhichyouadvertisedin...4.Havingnoticedtheenclosedadvertisementin...,Iwishtoapplyforthe

positionreferredto.5.Inanswertoyouradvertisementin...fora/an...,Iwishtotendermyservices.6.Youradvertisementfora/an...in...hasinterestedme.IfeelIcanfillthat

position.7.Willyouneedanexperienced...foryour...nextsummer?(六)典題例析假定你是李華,你因故無(wú)法在明晚親自歸還從外教John處借的英文童話書(shū),請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封電子郵件給John。內(nèi)容主要包括:1.表達(dá)歉意;2.闡明無(wú)法親自在約定時(shí)間還書(shū)的原因;3.處理措施(請(qǐng)自由合理發(fā)揮)。注意:1.詞數(shù):100左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;3.郵件開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好。DearJohn,

Regards,LiHua寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)1.審題:①審文體要求:應(yīng)用文體裁(電子郵件),離不了生活化用語(yǔ);②審

人稱、審時(shí)態(tài):第一人稱、過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)為主;③審內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):道歉→原因→補(bǔ)救→感謝。2.謀篇布局:書(shū)信開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)→主體(道歉+原因+處理辦法)→結(jié)束語(yǔ)。3.遣詞造句:敘述生活瑣事也要寫(xiě)出精彩語(yǔ)句,長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合,使用能讓行

文表達(dá)自然流暢的句間銜接語(yǔ)、過(guò)渡詞。4.參考主題詞匯:①因某事向某人道歉:apologizetosb.forsth.②還書(shū):returnthebook③按照約定時(shí)間:attheappointedtime/asscheduled/atthetimewepromised④守時(shí):bepunctual[參考范文]DearJohn,IwouldliketoapologizeformynotbeingabletoreturntheEnglishstory

bookyoulentmelastMondayinperson.Youknow,Ihavedoneapart-time

jobasaprivateteacher.OriginallythelessonswerescheduledonSaturday.

Butithappensthatmystudentisgoingtotakepartinafootballmatchon

thatday.Therefore,thelessonischangedfromthisSaturdaytotomorrow

evening,whenweplannedtomeet.Butdon’tworry.I’veaskedafriendofminetoreturnthatbooktoyou.Sheisaprettygirlwithlonghair,andwillgotoyourofficeat7:00tomorrowevening.Thankyouagainforyourbook,whichisreallyhelpful.Regards,LiHua二、日記英文日記和中文日記一樣,可以用來(lái)敘述一天中所發(fā)生的有意義的事情或?qū)?lái)的打算等。日記可分為記敘、議論、描寫(xiě)及抒情等。記敘類是用英語(yǔ)敘述當(dāng)天自己生活、學(xué)習(xí)中發(fā)生的事情。議論類是對(duì)生活中的某一事情或現(xiàn)象談自己的看法,發(fā)表議論。描寫(xiě)類或抒情類,則是對(duì)某人物、某事物的特征進(jìn)行細(xì)致的描述,或針對(duì)某事物抒發(fā)自己的感情。(一)解題技巧1.格式一般是在左上角寫(xiě)上當(dāng)天日期和星期,時(shí)間的排列順序與書(shū)信一致,星期寫(xiě)在日期之后;右上角寫(xiě)上當(dāng)天的天氣情況,表示天氣情況的詞一般是形容詞,如:fine(晴朗的),cold(寒冷的),snowy(下雪的),sunny(陽(yáng)光燦爛的),rainy(下雨的),cloudy(陰天的)等。日記的小標(biāo)題寫(xiě)在下一行,也可省略不寫(xiě)。2.時(shí)態(tài)寫(xiě)日記的時(shí)間一般是下午、晚上,有時(shí)也可以在第二天補(bǔ)寫(xiě)。因此,日記中所敘述的事情通常發(fā)生在過(guò)去,常用一般過(guò)去時(shí);但當(dāng)敘述天氣、描寫(xiě)景色或展望未來(lái)時(shí),可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)。3.正文寫(xiě)日記不是記流水賬,要抓住最有趣、最有意義、最難忘的事情,并結(jié)合自己的體會(huì)寫(xiě)。4.人稱由于日記的內(nèi)容多為敘述自己的親身經(jīng)歷或抒發(fā)感慨,所以多用第一人稱和第三人稱。5.順序無(wú)論是哪種類型的日記,都應(yīng)該注意寫(xiě)作的順序。記敘類的一定要交代

好事情發(fā)生的前后順序,議論抒情類的一定要做到先敘述,后議論。6.高分制造技巧:(1)認(rèn)真審題,嚴(yán)密構(gòu)思:一要做到覆蓋所有提示中的要點(diǎn),或挖掘圖畫(huà)中

的有效信息點(diǎn);二要做到全面審題,包括審人稱、審時(shí)態(tài)和審要點(diǎn),日記

體裁即記當(dāng)天或昨天發(fā)生過(guò)的事情,因此一般屬于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),議論、說(shuō)理或感想部分則屬于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)升華事件,有感慨總結(jié):日記不只是記當(dāng)天所見(jiàn)、所聞、所歷,還應(yīng)該

據(jù)此有所感,表達(dá)出自己的心情。只是就事說(shuō)事,則成了流水賬,沒(méi)有講

出來(lái)的意義,講就要講出點(diǎn)名堂來(lái)。(3)熟悉格式:英文日記格式與漢語(yǔ)的格式大致相同,但是,在日記內(nèi)容表

達(dá)中要把握好事件發(fā)生的時(shí)態(tài),先后關(guān)系,首先做到嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá),然后

地道表達(dá)。(4)厚積薄發(fā):平時(shí)多接觸不同的情景,積累主題詞匯,關(guān)鍵之時(shí)做到游刃

有余,模仿、表達(dá)的地道性自然由衷而發(fā),無(wú)語(yǔ)言造作之嫌。(5)取經(jīng)佳作范文:語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的靈活性來(lái)自初級(jí)的背誦,背佳作范文、經(jīng)

典句,零距離觸摸其遣詞造句;注意積累不同語(yǔ)言情景中串句成文的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)和關(guān)聯(lián)詞。建議:平時(shí)堅(jiān)持用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)日記,寫(xiě)自己身邊的常見(jiàn)事和

常見(jiàn)人,發(fā)表點(diǎn)個(gè)人看法。(二)常用句型1.Wedecidedtogooutforapicnic.2.Ihadapleasantoutingwithsomeofmyclassmatestoday.3.Earlyinthemorning,wesetoffforthefarmforavisit.4.Whenwereachedthefarm,weweregivenawarmwelcome.5.Theyshowedusaroundthefarm(Wewereshownaroundthefarm),where

wesawmanykindsofplants.6.Wecaughtsightofastreamwithgreengrassandbeautifulflowerson

bothsides.7.Wewerecompletelyamazedatthewonderandthegreatnessofnature.8.Wejumpedandshoutedlikeinnocentchildren.9.Onceonthetopofthehill/Themomentwegottothetopofthehill,we

weredeeplystruck/attractedbythebeautifulscenery.10.Howweenjoyedthebeautifulviewsfromthetop!11.Afterbeingdividedintogroups,wesettoworkatonce.12.Someofusweregettingwater,some(were)cuttingthemeatandvegeta-

bles,andothers(were)sittingonthegrassenjoyingmusic.13.Birdsweresingingsweetlyinthetreesandbutterfliesweredancing

gracefullyinthegarden/fields.14.Whenlunchtimecame,wesatonthegrassland,eatinganddrinkinghappily.15.Themealwassodeliciousthatweenjoyeditverymuch.16.Wesanganddancedtogethertothemusic.17.Threehourshadpassedbeforeweknewit.18.Timehadpassedquicklybeforeweknewit.19.Itwastimeforustogobackwhenthesunstartedtogodown.20.Ispentthewholeafternoonwithmycousinenjoyingthefinescenery

andfreshairinthecountry.21.Ataboutfouro’clockintheafternoon,wesaidgoodbyetothem.22.Atfouro’clockintheafternoonwehadtoreturn.23.Theycameoutandsawusuntilwedisappearedinthedistance.24.Onthewayback,wewerelaughingandtalkingallthetime.25.Whatawonderfulweekendwehad!26.Weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.27.Throughtheseout-of-classactivitieswecanlearnalotofthingsthat

can’

tbelearnedinclass.28.Althoughweweretired,wefeltveryhappy.Ithinkit’sourdutytocover

ourcountrywithgreen.(三)典題例析假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三(1)班的學(xué)生李華。今天是你父親的生日,你給

父親買(mǎi)完生日蛋糕后,在回家途中做了幾件好事。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖片的先后順

序,寫(xiě)一篇英文日記,介紹事情的全過(guò)程。注意:1.日記的開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好;2.詞數(shù)不少于60。March23,Friday

SunnyTodayisDad’sbirthdayandIwantedtobuyhimagift.

寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)1.審題:①審文體要求:應(yīng)用文體裁(日記),記當(dāng)天發(fā)生過(guò)的、有意義的事

兒;②審人稱、審時(shí)態(tài):第一人稱、過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)為主;③審圖、提煉要點(diǎn):2.寫(xiě)作難點(diǎn):如何將生活中的普通經(jīng)歷寫(xiě)得精彩,除了實(shí)際敘述,還需融

入自己的內(nèi)心感受,即所見(jiàn)、所聞、所做、還有所感。避免寫(xiě)成流水

賬,平鋪直敘,只是將事件羅列起來(lái),將and和then用到尾。[參考范文]March23,Friday

SunnyTodayisDad’sbirthdayandIwantedtobuyhimagift.SoafterschoolI

hurriedtoabakeryandboughtabigbirthdaycake.Imaginingthedelighted

lookonhisfacewhenDadsawthecake,Icouldn’twaittogobackhome.WhenIgotonabus,Iwaspleasedtofindavacantseat,soIsatdownwith

thecakeonmylegs.Whenthebusgottothenextstop,anoldladygoton,

carryingmanybags.Withouthesitation,IofferedmyseattoherandIwas

standinguntilarrivingatthedestination.Igotoffthebusandwasaboutto

crosstheroadwhenIsawablindmanwaitingbythecrosswalk.Iwalked

overquicklyandledhimacrosstheroadsafely.Arrivinghome,IgavethecaketoDadaswellasmybestwishes.Andthen,ItoldMumandDadwhatIhaddoneonmywayhome.Hearingmystory,Dad

smiled,“Itisnotthecakebutyourdeedofhelpingothersthatisthemost

valuablegiftforme.”三、通知通知是生活、工作或?qū)W習(xí)中一種較為常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用文體,用來(lái)把有關(guān)事情

告知特定的讀者或聽(tīng)眾,達(dá)到安排日常工作、布置任務(wù)、通報(bào)傳達(dá)信息

的目的。通知的正文就是通知的內(nèi)容,也是通知的主體部分,包括通知

的對(duì)象、事由、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。通知分為書(shū)面通知和口頭通知,兩種通

知類型在格式上有較大差別。(一)解題技巧1.書(shū)面通知的常見(jiàn)形式一般有通知、布告、海報(bào)等。它們一般張貼在布告欄或黑板上。通知的正文上方有題目“Notice”(或全部大寫(xiě)NOTICE),居中書(shū)寫(xiě)。以海報(bào)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),通知常以海報(bào)內(nèi)容為題,如Lecture,FootballMatch等。題目中還可以出現(xiàn)發(fā)通知的單位,如StudentUnionNotice,EnglishDepartmentNotice,通知的題目要求居中打印或書(shū)寫(xiě)出來(lái)。2.書(shū)面通知要有發(fā)通知的時(shí)間和落款。時(shí)間一般寫(xiě)在通知正文的右上

角或左下角,落款寫(xiě)在右下角。3.書(shū)面通知的正文部分一般用第三人稱來(lái)寫(xiě)。時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、參加成員、內(nèi)容、注意事項(xiàng)等是通知的要點(diǎn),都應(yīng)該在通知中詳細(xì)說(shuō)明,把信息準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)給相關(guān)的閱讀對(duì)象。正文語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)練,切忌添枝加葉的評(píng)論。一般情況下通知以段落形式出現(xiàn),海報(bào)上的信息則分行居中打印或書(shū)寫(xiě)。4.口頭通知一般不用題目,也不必有發(fā)布通知的時(shí)間。發(fā)布口頭通知時(shí),首先說(shuō)明被通知的對(duì)象,在正文前面要有稱呼語(yǔ),如:“Ladiesandgentlemen”,“Boysandgirls”等。為了引起聽(tīng)者的注意,需另起一行不頂格寫(xiě)一些引人注意的話,如:“Bequiet,please!”“MayIhaveyourattention?”“Attention,please!”等?？陬^通知要口頭發(fā)布,因而可以用較隨意的口語(yǔ)體,如:I’

ll,I’ve等?？陬^通知在結(jié)束時(shí)要有結(jié)束語(yǔ),這是因?yàn)榭陬^通知需要用一些語(yǔ)言表明通知的起止,如:“That’sall.”“Thankyou!”表示通知到此為止,宣布完畢。5.高分制造技巧:(1)認(rèn)真審題,嚴(yán)密構(gòu)思,做到覆蓋所有提示中的要點(diǎn):審題包括審人稱、審時(shí)態(tài)和審要點(diǎn),通知某項(xiàng)事宜即對(duì)將來(lái)發(fā)生的活動(dòng)作安排,因此一般屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。(2)注意即將通知到的受眾群體性質(zhì)(觀眾或聽(tīng)眾),活動(dòng)安排的目的、時(shí)

間、地點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)過(guò)程與注意事項(xiàng)要講清楚,絕不能出現(xiàn)任何含糊的地方。(3)熟悉格式:尤其弄清要求屬于書(shū)面通知還是口頭通知,時(shí)間標(biāo)注在何處,發(fā)通知單位又該寫(xiě)在哪里,平時(shí)寫(xiě)通知盡量完整演練。(4)厚積薄發(fā):平時(shí)多接觸不同的情景,積累主題詞匯,關(guān)鍵之時(shí)做到游刃

有余,表達(dá)地道,無(wú)語(yǔ)言造作之嫌。(5)取經(jīng)佳作范文:語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的靈活性來(lái)自初級(jí)的背誦,背佳作范文、經(jīng)

典句,零距離觸摸其遣詞造句;注意積累不同語(yǔ)言情景中串句成文的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)和關(guān)聯(lián)詞。(二)常用句型口頭通知的一些常用開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)束語(yǔ):1.Bequiet,please!2.MayIhaveyourattention,please?3.Pleasebequiet,everyone.ThereissomethingIhavetotellyou.4.Bequiet,please.Thereissomethingyouneedtoknow.5.Listen,please.Thereisgoingtobe...6.Apartywillbeheld...7.Therewillbeaparty...8.Therewillbealecturegivenby...9.Anyquestions?10.That’sall.Thankyou.11.Don’tbelate!12.Allarewelcometo...13.Havefun!14.Haveagoodtime!15.Enjoyyourself!(三)典題例析假設(shè)你是某國(guó)際學(xué)校的學(xué)生會(huì)主席,你校的英語(yǔ)社團(tuán)準(zhǔn)備舉辦“英語(yǔ)電影周”活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)所給提示用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一則通知。內(nèi)容主要包括:1.活動(dòng)目的:豐富課外生活,了解異域文化等;2.參與方式:推薦自己喜歡的電影,在觀看后進(jìn)行討論等;3.放映周是9月1日至7日,電影征集截止日期是8月29日。注意:1.詞數(shù):不少于50;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。

寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)1.審題:(1)審文體要求:應(yīng)用文通知,應(yīng)注意格式,有稱呼語(yǔ);(2)審人稱、審時(shí)態(tài):第三人稱、將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)為主;(3)審內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):2.通知中須覆蓋所有提示要點(diǎn),注意增加細(xì)節(jié)要適當(dāng),確保行文流暢。[參考范文]Dearschoolmates,WearegoingtoholdanEnglishMovieWeek.Itisaimedtomakeourafter-schoollifemorecolorfulandinteresting.Also,itcanhelpuslearnabout

foreigncultures.Besides,it’llbeagoodopportunitytomeetandmakenew

friends.Nowit’stimeforyoutorecommendyourfavoritemovies.Anddiscussions

willbeheldtoshareyouropinionsafterwatchingamovie.Rememberit!TheEnglishMovieWeekwillbeheldfromthefirsttothesev-

enthofSeptember,andthedeadlineforrecommendingmoviesisAugust29th.Joinin,andenjoyyourselves!考點(diǎn)二常用寫(xiě)作模板一、投訴(抱怨)信Dear

,IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhavetomakeacomplaint.

Thereasonformydissatisfactionis

(總體介紹).Inthefirstplace,

(抱怨的第一個(gè)方面).Inaddition,

(抱怨的

第二個(gè)方面).Underthesecircumstances,thedevastatingeffectcouldbe

multipliedifthisproblemcannotbeimmediatelysolved.(如該問(wèn)題不能立

即解決,它將產(chǎn)生更壞的影響).Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyou

could

(提出建議和請(qǐng)求),preferably

(進(jìn)一步的要求),andI

wouldliketohavethismattersettledby

(設(shè)定解決事情的最后期限).ThankyouforyourconsiderationandIwillbelookingforwardtoyour

reply.Yourssincerely,LiHua二、邀請(qǐng)信Dear

,

(開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山提出事件/活動(dòng)、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間).Itwouldbepleasant/honoredtohaveyouhere.Duringtheparty/conference,wewillhavelotsofactivitiesyouwillbeinterestedin.First,

(要舉行的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容一).Second,

(要舉行的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容二).Iknow/believethatyouwillbeveryinterestedin

.First/Foronething,

(受邀請(qǐng)人參加的理由一).Second/Foranother,

(受邀請(qǐng)人參加的理由二).Theconference/partywouldnotbecompletewithoutyou!Theparty/conferencewillbeginat

(時(shí)間)andwedohopeyoucancome.Yourssincerely,LiHua三、請(qǐng)求信Dear

,Iamwritingtoformallyrequestto

(請(qǐng)求的內(nèi)容).Thereasonfor

isthat

(給出原因).I

,soI

(給出細(xì)節(jié)).Iwouldal-

soliketorequest

(提出進(jìn)一步的要求).Iamsorryforanyinconve-

nienceIhavecaused.Thankyouforyourattentiontotheserequests.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,donothesitatetocontactmeat

(電話號(hào)碼).Ilookforwardtoafavorablereply.Yourssincerely,LiHua四、道歉信Dear

,Iamsorrytosay/tellyouthat

(直接說(shuō)出道歉事由).Now,Iamwritingyouthisletterofapologytoshowmydeepregret.Pleaseacceptmysincereapology.Ihopeyouwillunderstandmeandexcusemefor

(請(qǐng)求對(duì)方原諒的事由).Thereasonformydelay/absencewasthat

(過(guò)失的原因).Ihadnowayoutbecause

(自己當(dāng)時(shí)的處境和情況).Therefore,it’snotinmypowerto

(過(guò)失導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果).Naturally,Iwanttosuggest

(提出建議).Ishallbeobligedifyouwillkindlywriteandtellmewhenandwhereyou

(約定下次見(jiàn)面的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)).WemaymeetagainandIhopetoseeyousoon.Yourssincerely,LiHua五、感謝信Dear

,Iamnowwritingthesefewlinestoexpressmysincerethanksfor

(感

謝事由).I’dlikeyoutoknowhowmuchyoumeanttome.Youhaveaposi-

tivegeniusfor

(對(duì)收信人某一方面的贊美).Inotonlyenjoyed

,butalso

.Ishalleverremember

asoneofthemost

inmylife.Iwillfeelveryhonoredandpleasedifyou

(表達(dá)自己回報(bào)的心愿).Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyounexttime!Irepeatmythanksagainforyour

.Pleasegivemykindregardstoyour

.Yourssincerely,LiHua六、建議信Dear

,Youhaveaskedmeformyadvicewithregardto

,andIwilltrytomakesomeconductivesuggestionshere.Inmyhumbleopinion,youwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions:

(建議的內(nèi)容).Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposalsuseful,andIwouldbereadytodiscussthismatterwithyoutofurtherdetails.Goodluckwithyour

(祝愿)!Yourssincerely,LiHua七、求職信DearSirorMadam,Iwritethislettertoapplyforthepositionthatyouhaveadvertisedin

(報(bào)紙名稱)of

(廣告發(fā)布時(shí)間).NotonlydoIhavethequalificationsforthisjob,butIalsohavetherightpersonalityfora

(工作名稱).Ontheonehand,

(第一個(gè)原因).Ontheotherhand,

(另一個(gè)原因).Shouldyougrantmeapersonalinterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.Ifyouneedtoknowmoreaboutme,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeatanytimeat

(電話號(hào)碼).Thankyouforconsideringmyapplication,andIamlookingforwardtomeetingyou.Yourssincerely,LiHua八、詢問(wèn)信Dear

,Iam

(自我介紹).Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutopro-

videmewithinformationregarding

(要詢問(wèn)的內(nèi)容).Firstofall,

whatis

(第一個(gè)問(wèn)題)?Secondly,whenwill

(第二個(gè)問(wèn)題)?

Thirdly,is

(第三個(gè)問(wèn)題)?Iwouldalsoliketoinquire

(將最重要的問(wèn)題單獨(dú)說(shuō)明).Couldyoubekindtosendmesomerelevantbooklets

ontheabove-mentionedaspects?Thankyouforyourkindness,andyour

promptattentiontothisletterwillbehighlyappreciated.Yourssincerely,LiHua九、祝賀信Dear

,Ihavelearnedwithdelightthatyou

(祝賀事由).Iwouldliketoex-

tendyoumyutmo